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Petroleum Coke

Calcined petroleum coke (CPC) is manufactured by heating green coke to approximately 1300-1400 C in a rotary kiln. This affects the removal of virtually all residual hydrocarbons and moisture. The final calcined product contains only a trace of volatile matter, and 0.3-6% sulfur, depending on the petroleum base used to make the coke. Calcined and green petroleum cokes are inherently low in ash constituents. The fixed carbon content of most calcined petroleum coke products ranges from approximately 97-99.5%.

Petroleum coke is used in applications where high quality non-graphitic carbons are required. Some applications for petroleum coke include foundry products, wear moderators for PTFE compounds, rubber compounds, reducing reagents, ceramic packing media, oxygen exclusion from molten materials, manufactured carbon shapes, alloys, cathodic backfill, drilling additives, case hardening, seals, mechanical carbons, and flooring.

Metallurgical Coke

Metallurgical coke, also known as "Met" coke, is a carbon material manufactured by the "destructive distillation" of various blends of bituminous coal. Bituminous coal is a soft, medium-grade coal that contains a high percentage of volatile components. Destructive distillation is performed in "coke batteries," which are banks of large enclosed kilns.

Metallurgical coke is used where a high quality, tough, resilient, wearing carbon is required. Applications include but are not limited to conductive flooring, friction materials, foundry coatings, foundry carbon raiser, corrosion materials, drilling applications, reducing agents, heat treatment, ceramic packing media, electrolytic processes, and oxygen exclusion.

Pitch Coke

Pitch coke is a high purity carbon residue manufactured by the destructive distillation (coking) of coal tar pitch. Coal tar pitch is a by-product resulting from the thermal distillation of bituminous coal. Because it is condensed from the gas phase, coal tar pitch is inherently low in ash and other mineral impurities. Therefore, the resultant coke is low in impurities.

Calcined Needle Coke

Calcined needle coke is a variety of petroleum coke. The term "needle" is used to describe the acicular morphology of the coke since it tends to form oriented needle-like structures that are clearly visible to the naked eye. This unique morphology is a reflection of the high degree of liquid crystal alignment that occurs during the coking process.

Calcined needle coke is typically higher in carbon and lower in ash constituents, such as sulfur and metals, than standard calcined petroleum coke. In some respects it may offer unique friction and wear properties due to its well developed layer structure. Applications where higher purity, "softer" calcined petroleum coke is required may benefit from utilization of this material.