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Upstream oil and gas services

Linde helps energy producers and service companies boost production rates and yields from oil and gas wells. Our upstream oil and gas services group provides carbon dioxide, nitrogen and various services to the oil and gas exploration and production industries throughout much of North America.

Linde - Your Partner for Frac and EOR Gases and Service

Linde is the largest supplier of carbon dioxide in North America, and also designs, builds, owns and operates on-site air separation plants that supply nitrogen for FRAC and EOR projects. Our products and services portfolio
includes a complete fleet of transports, portable storage units, and booster pumps to service CO2 FRAC customer needs. It also includes engineered pumping skids for enhanced oil recovery; portable "Huff n Puff" pumping units for single well CO2 stimulation procedures; nitrogen injection services; and nitrogen rejection units.

LINDE FRAC Services

CO2 FRAC
Linde provides energized fluid solutions for oil and gas customers in every major American basin. This broad coverage allows Linde to work on a national scale with oil and gas producers and oilfield service companies. This is backed with field support provided by our team of highly trained field engineering and booster pump specialists.

NITROGEN FRAC
Linde provides nitrogen for fraccing, acidizing, coiled tubing and industrial applications. Linde can provide reliable supply of nitrogen for gas well projects anywhere in the country via our network of 28 air separation plants.

ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY
We have a proven track record for building and operating plants for nitrogen enhanced oil recovery (EOR). We currently supply PEMEX with 55,000 tons per day of nitrogen for an EOR project in Cantarell, Mexico, the largest nitrogen injection EOR project in the world.

SAFETY
There is no higher priority in Linde than the safety of people, property and the environment. Managing risks is a vital component in achieving our goal of zero accidents and achieving our vision "At Linde we do not want to harm people or the environment". Linde has performed comprehensive risk assessments to evaluate and determine the necessary safeguards to protect our customers, contractors and employees while performing FRAC and EOR operations. These safeguards are designed into our equipment and work procedures. Linde believes that as we increase the level of safety at FRAC and EOR sites, we decrease the likelihood of an injury/incident to our employees…and yours.

Why Gas and Oil Well Fracturing with Carbon Dioxide and Linde?

Linde is the largest supplier of carbon dioxide in the United States. We also supply the carbon dioxide portable tanks, booster pumps and expert operators needed to get the job done. Linde is also the only company to serve carbon dioxide frac customers in all major gas-producing areas of the United States.

Carbon dioxide fraccing is one of the most effective and cleanest approaches to increase gas production for a number of reasons:

• Because of its density, carbon dioxide is not susceptible to gravity separation.

• The force of the ejection process results in effective clean up.

• Carbon dioxide buffers water based fluid systems to a pH of down to 3.2, controlling clay swelling and iron and aluminum hydroxide precipitation.

• Carbon dioxide acts as a surfactant to significantly reduce interfacial tension and resultant capillary forces,thus removing FRAC fluid, connate water and emulsion blocks.

• Carbon dioxide pumped as a liquid increases head pressure while it reduces horsepower requirements and cost.

Carbon dioxide is injected in a liquid state using conventional FRAC pumps so specialized equipment is not required by the service companies.

The CO2 can carry high concentrations of proppant and is compatible with most FRAC fluids. CO2 can be pumped with synthetic and natural polymers, lease crude or diesel as a foam or micro-emulsion, raising hydrostatic head and lowering the viscosity of the system. This reduces cost and the hydraulic horsepower required at the surface to pump the job. Compared with alternatives like slick water fraccing, in many applications CO2 is more cost effective, offers faster and better clean up, saves money by reducing the need for swabbing, and is effective in water sensitive formations.

Why Consider Gas and Oil Well Fracturing with Nitrogen?

Liquid Nitrogen (LN2) is an effective alternative to carbon dioxide in many situations, especially in fraccing shallower wells.

Nitrogen is utilized in gas fields for coiled tubing, fracturing, acidizing, and for purging pipelines and other industrial applications. Nitrogen is combined with acids and FRAC fluids to provide an energized fluid to assist in well clean up and rapid flow back as well.

Linde supplies nitrogen to many areas of North America, through its network of air separation units.

Why Consider Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) with Carbon Dioxide or Nitrogen?

Carbon dioxide and nitrogen are highly effective gases when used in EOR projects. These injectants force oil from injection wells towards production wells, maintain reservoir pressure and increase flow using Huff-n-Puff techniques. Under certain conditions, the gas can become miscible with crude, lowering the viscosity and thereby further enhancing recovery.

The carbon dioxide Huff-n-Puff process can increase oil production from stripper and other low volume wells by injecting a slug of carbon dioxide below fracture pressure into the oil bearing formation. The well is shut in for a time determined by the bottom hole reservoir pressure. Excellent results in light oil formations have been experienced throughout the United States.

Why Consider In-situ Combustion Enhanced Oil Recovery Processes (Fireflooding)

In-situ combustion can often recover higher percentages of oil than other enhanced oil recovery technologies. Linde supplies injectant gases and equipment for these fireflooding processes. The injection of oxygen or oxygen-rich gas mixtures create a flame-front by igniting a fire near the face of injection wells. As that flame burns, it migrates from the reservoir into production wells. The resulting heat reduces oil viscosity, vaporizes reservoir water and drives oil in front of the fire toward production wells.

For more information or to place an order for any of Linde's services please call our National Oilfield Call Center in Woodward, Oklahoma at 1-877-LINDE-411 (1-877-546-3341) or Contact Us with any questions you may have.