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Sinker EDM (a.k.a Vertical, Plunge, Conventional, or Ram):
This was the original EDM process, in which a "male" electrode "sinks" into a workpiece producing a "female" cavity which is an exact, inverse replica of the electrode. Initially used to produce die openings for stamping dies, it was later used to produce intricate punches, and production parts. These are single-axis machines, usually vertical, which cut in one direction. Twenty years ago, when someone mentioned EDM everyone thought of Sinker EDM.

Tolerance

Sinker EDM is capable of holding very close tolerances, down to +/-.0001 inch. In addition, it is capable of very good geometric accuracies, such as flatness, parallelism, and squareness, due to the absence of any forces between the electrode and the workpiece, which would cause deflection in conventional machining.

Inaccessible Features
Inaccessible features, such as cross connections between bores, or features cut sideways at the bottom of deep, blind cavities, can be readily produced without having to enter externally and plugging afterwards. The electrode can be mounted on an arbor, which is then manipulated into position inside the workpiece, and then the feature can be cut in any direction. In especially tight quarters, a through-feature can be EDM'ed from both directions to meet in the middle. In many cases, EDM is the only way these types of features can be produced.