Help with Glass Tube and Rod specifications:
Material Type
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| Glass Type: | |||
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| Aluminosilicate | Aluminosilicate glass is formed with the addition of aluminum oxide or alumina (Al2O3) to silica-based glass. Aluminum oxide is a network-former. Additions of aluminum oxide increase the melting point and viscosity at lower temperatures; they also provide strengthening and improve chemical resistance. Usually, alumina is added to the glass batch in the form of commonly-found feldspars, which also contain alkalis. | ||
| Borosilicate | Borosilicate glass is a formed with the addition of at least 5% boron oxide to silica-based glass. Boron oxide is a network-former. Additions of boron oxide improve strength, corrosion resistance, and thermal shock characteristics. Borosilicate glass is particularly suitable for laboratory ware (test tubes, etc.), domestic cookware (oven dishes, etc.), high-power lamps, and other technical glassware. Borosilicate glass has low thermal expansion characteristic, which results in end-uses in products with glass-to-metal bonds. | ||
| Chalcogenide / Sulphide | Glasses are based on sulphide or other chalcogenide compounds or elements such as zinc selenide or zinc sulphide glasses. Chalcogenide glasses are used for specialized optical applications. Chalcogenides are compounds based on a metal cation and a chalcogen anion. Chalcogens are the group 16 elements: oxygen (O), sulfur (S), selenium Se), tellurium (Te), and polonium (Po). | ||
| Fluoride Glass | Glasses are based on fluoride compounds such as magnesium fluoride or ZBLAN glasses. Fluoride glasses are used for specialized optical and fiber optic applications. | ||
| Glass Ceramic | Glass ceramics are ceramics that can be fused and then molded, formed, ground, or machined using conventional glass fabrication techniques. After part fabrication, the glass ceramics' structure is transformed from an amorphous, glassy state to a crystalline ceramic state. MACOR® is widely applied glass ceramic with a fluorine rich glass composition approaching trisilicic fluorphlogopite mica (KMg3AlSi3O10F2). MACOR® is a trademarked proprietary material of Corning Corporation. Ceran®, Ceramat®, Robax® and Zerodur® are widely-applied proprietary glass ceramics from Schott Glass Corporation. | ||
| Quartz | Quartz is found in a mined mineral form, as well as man-made fused quartz forms. Fused quartz is a high purity, crystalline form of silica used in specialized applications such as semiconductor wafer boats, furnace tubes, bell jars or quartz ware, silicon melt crucibles, high-performance lamps such as mercury and quartz halogen lamps, ultraviolet (UV) lamps, thermocouple protectors, waveguide handles, analytical labware, and other high-temperature products. Single-crystal quartz is also available for piezoelectric applications. | ||
| Silica / Fused Silica | Fused silica is a compound of silicon and oxygen. High purity, amorphous, fused silica is a high-performance ceramic with very low expansion, remarkable thermal shock resistance, low thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation up to 1000° C, and excellent resistance to corrosion from molten metal and glass. | ||
| Soda Lime | Soda lime glass is a formed with the addition of sodium or calcium oxides to silica-based glass. Sodium and calcium oxides are network modifiers, which generally reduce the melting point and melt viscosity, while reducing strength and chemical resistance. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary glass material type or composition. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Shape / Form
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| Shape / Form: | |||
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| Bar Stock | Stock products are available in the form of a glass bar or glass rod, usually with a square cross-section. Stock glass bar forms can be processed in rectangular, oval, hexagonal, or other shapes. | ||
| Fabricated / Custom Shape | Glass materials fabricated in the form of a custom or application-specific shape such as a crucible, valve component, tube fitting, laboratory vessel, custom shaped block, custom contoured tile, diffuser, lining, degasser, and/or specialty shape. The custom shape could be fabricated using pressing, forming, slip casting, firing or sintering, melting, casting, machining, precursor casting, and/or other processing methods. | ||
| Rod Stock | Stock products are available in the form of a rod or a bar with a round cross-section. | ||
| Tube Stock | Glass tubing or glass tube stock has a single, central bore or inner diameter. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary shape or form. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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| Hollow Stock / Shape? | Materials are supplied or available as hollow tubes, pipes or other stock with an open internal bore. | ||
| Search Logic: | "Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice. | ||
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Dimensions
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| Length | The length of a stock material such as a bar, rod, plate or tube. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Width / O.D. | The width is the outer diameter (O.D.) of stock shapes such as bars, plates, and tubes; or of fabricated components such as crucibles. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Thickness / Wall Thickness | The thickness of a stock form, tube wall, or other fabricated component. Stock forms include bars, rods, plates and tubes. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Bore Diameter (I.D.) | The bore diameter or inner diameter (ID) is the width at the bottom of fabricated, tapered components such as crucibles. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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Thermal
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| Max Use Temperature: | This is the maximum temperature that the glass material can be exposed to, momentarily, without the degradation of structural or other required end-use properties. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Thermal Conductivity | Thermal conductivity is the linear heat transfer per unit area through a glass material for a given applied temperature gradient. Heat flux (h) = [thermal conductivity (k) ] x [temperature gradient (Δ T)] | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Coeff. of Thermal Expansion (CTE) | The coefficient of linear expansion (CTE) is the amount of linear expansion or shrinkage that occurs in a glass material with a change in temperature. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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Electrical
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| Dielectric Strength | Dielectric strength is the maximum voltage field that the glass material can withstand before electrical breakdown occurs. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Dielectric Constant (Relative Permittivity) | The dielectric constant is the relative permittivity of a material compared to a vacuum or free space. k = εr = ε / εo= where ε is the absolute permittivity of the material and εo is the absolute permittivity of a vacuum 8.85 x 10-12 F/m. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Electrical Resistivity | Electrical resistivity is the longitudinal electrical resistance (ohm-cm) of a uniform rod of unit length and unit cross-sectional area. Electrical resistivity is the inverse of conductivity. High resistivity is a defining characteristic of a dielectric material. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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Physical & Optical Properties
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| Density | Density is the mass per unit area for a material. The fired density is dependent on the theoretical density of 100% dense body and the actual porosity retained after processing. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Index of Refraction | The index of refraction is a measure of the speed of light in a material. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Transmission | This is the amount of light transmitted through a material. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Modulus of Elasticity | Young's modulus or the modulus of elasticity is a material constant that indicates the variation is strain produced under an applied tensile load. Higher modulus of elasticity materials provides higher stiffness or rigidity. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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Applications
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| Applications: | |||
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| Armor / Ballistic Protection | Materials are used to protect equipment, vehicles, and/or personal against damage from blasts, explosions, bullets and other high-speed projectiles. Bulletproof glass would be a prime example of a ballistic glass material. | ||
| Biocompatible / Biomaterial | Bioglasses, biomaterials, or biocompatible materials are specially formulated, designed, or suitable for biotechnology and medical applications. Biocompatible materials are non-toxic and do not irritate, degrade, or kill to biological cells, organs or media. | ||
| Chemical / Materials Processing | Glass materials can provide high temperature and/or corrosion resistance, making them suitable for chemical-processing applications. Examples include glasses resistant to chemicals, acids, organic chemicals solvents, fuels, and biological media. | ||
| Construction & Building / Architectural | Glass materials designed or suitable for use in architectural, building, and construction applications. Examples include glass block, glass tiles, glass rod, glass tube, and glass plates or plate glass. | ||
| Corrosion Protection | Materials are designed or suitable for corrosive environments, such as the floors or walls of chemical processing plants. | ||
| Dielectric / Electrical Insulation | Dielectric glasses have high electrical resistivity (low electrical conductivity) and high dielectric strength. Dielectric strength is the resistance to electrical breakdown under an applied electric field. | ||
| Electrical / HV Parts | Materials are used to fabricate electrical parts for high voltage or power applications. Examples include insulators, igniters, or heating elements. | ||
| Electronics / RF-Microwave | Materials are suitable for electronics applications, including RF and microwave. Ferrites, garnets, alumina/sapphire, and silicates have sufficient dielectric properties for use in electronic, radio frequency (RF), and microwave devices. Additionally, ceramics, glass and other non-metallic compounds or elemental semiconductors are used as substrates, wafer or dummy wafers in semiconductor manufacturing. Ceramics are also used for wafer chucks or holders, wafer furnace boats, and thin film chamber liners. | ||
| MRO (Repair / Resurfacing) | Materials are suitable for repair, hole or gap filling, patching, refinishing, resurfacing, and other MRO applications. | ||
| Optics / Optical Grade | Optical grade glass materials are used in the fabricating or processing of optical components such as lenses, windows, prisms, optical fibers, and other photonic material components. | ||
| Refractory / High Temperature Materials | Refractory and high-temperature materials are hard, heat-resistant products such as alumina cement, fire clay, bricks, precast shapes, cement or monolithics, and ceramic kiln furniture. Refractories have high melting points and are suitable for applications requiring high temperature strength, wear-resistance, thermal insulation, or other specialized characteristics. | ||
| Sealing (Seals / Sealant) | Materials are designed for seals, sealing, and barrier or containment applications. Liquid and viscous compounds can be used to fill gaps between seams or on surfaces to contain fluids, prevent leaks, and prevent infiltration of unwanted material. | ||
| Thermal Insulation / Fire Proofing | Thermally-insulating glasses provide a thermal barrier between components and a hot-or-cold source. These ceramics and refractory shapes are also useful in providing flame protection and fire-proofing between a burner and the surrounding environment, or between combustion and oxygen sources. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary glass material applications. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Features
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| Performance Features: | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| Laminated / Multilayer | Materials or composites consist of multiple layers of different materials. Glass is often laminated to improve impact resistance safety or make glass bullet proof. Glass plates are often laminated together to construct ballistic armor. | ||
| Machinable | Machinable glasses can be machined without excessive chipping. Typically, non-machinable glasses are ground to finished dimensions, often with super abrasive grinding wheels. | ||
| Metallized / Silvered (Electrode, Mirror) | Glass material surfaces are coated with a thin metal layer applied by plating, thin film, fired-on coating or other process. The coatings maybe continuous or selectively patterned on the surface or thru vias. Additionally, float glass sheets or glass plate is silvered or metallized to produce sheet mirror stock. | ||
| Anti-slip / Textured | The stock shapes has a textured surface such as an anti-slip grit or abrasive coating, kiln cast pattern, a frosted or etched surface, molded-in raised bumps. The texture can be for functional anti-slip or decorative architectural purposes. | ||
| Coated | Coated materials are available with a glaze (fused glass enamel), metallized coating, plastic coating, or other protective coating. The coating may seal porosity, improve water or chemical resistance, or enhance joining to metals or other materials. This category also includes glass materials with an organic coating or film, or ceramic frit coating for spandrel applications. | ||
| Porous / Foam | Porous glass materials have a large degree of open or closed internal pores that provide a thermal barrier. Certain glasses have intrinsically low thermal conductivity, even in dense forms. Reticulated foam glass materials are useful in filtering molten metals and providing an extremely low density structure for insulation or other applications. | ||
| Safety / Tempered | Safety glass does not produce large dangerous fractured pieces during impact failure. Tempering and lamination are method used to produce safety glass. Tempered glass has a compressive residual stress induced on the surface. The tempering process strengthens the glass and causes the glass plate or sheet to break into small, harmless pieces. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary glass material features. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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