Help with Product and Material Test Fixtures and Accessories specifications:
Grip, Fixture or Accessory Type
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| Adapter / Alignment Device | Adapters, couplers, lock rings, alignment devices, and other coupling accessories are used to adapt specific test fixture or grips to various mechanical testing machines. Adapters can also facilitate setup for multiple tests with one machine. Alignment devices are used to ensure that the loads are applied and load cells are axially aligned. If the load cells and loads are not aligned, then the test load applied will be lower than the displayed value. | ||
| Anvil / Platen | Platens and anvils are flat steel plates that are used in compression tests to replace test grips or clamps. Anvils and platforms are also used as bases that support the test piece during hardness of similar test procedures. | ||
| Compression Cage | Compression cages have two parallel plates that sandwich the test piece. | ||
| Deflectometer | Deflectometers are used to indicate the deformation of material while it is subjected to transverse or compressive stress. | ||
| Extensometer | Extensometers are used to indicate the deformation of material while it is subjected to tensile stress. | ||
| Environmental Control Unit | Environmental control units simulate severe operating conditions. Control units include furnaces, baths, and other test chambers that wrap around or enclose the specimen under test. | ||
| Indenter | Indenters are used for hardness and impact testing. They come in a variety of shapes and standard configurations such as ball, diamond or flat tip. | ||
| Load Frame | Load frames are distinguished by their capacity, acting speed, and dimensions. | ||
| Specimen Jig / Mold | Specimen cutting jigs, casting molds, or other test sample preparation devices are used to fabricate specimens for procedure standards testing. | ||
| Spindle (Viscometry / Rheology) | Standard spindles for viscosity and rheology measurements include disc, cone, cylindrical, plate and KREBS type spindles. Different spindles are required for thick vs. thin fluids. The spindle is placed in or against the fluid or material to be tested and rotated. The time to reach a specific torque value provides an indication of viscosity. | ||
| Standard / Test Block | Standards and test blocks provide a material or chemical sample with known properties. They are used to determine the accuracy of the material testing equipment, test procedures, and set up. | ||
| Tension Rod | Tension rods are used for structural support during testing. | ||
| Test Controller | Test controllers are used to program test parameters and receive feedback from sensors and components. | ||
| Test Control Software | Test control software allows you to program test parameters and receive feedback from sensors and components by using a pc or other industrial computer. | ||
| Test Fixture / Holder | Test fixtures, arms, and holders are used to hold a specimen in place and allow the desired type of loading (shear, biaxial, uniaxial, compression, etc.) to be applied to the sample during mechanical or physical testing. The load may be applied through a component of the fixture or through grips or an anvil. | ||
| Test Grip / Clamp | Test clamps and grips are used to grab a sample and apply a load to material test samples during mechanical or physical testing. | ||
| Test Kit / Tool Set | Test kits, or tool sets, supply the necessary accessories to run specific test types. | ||
| Test Stand | Test stands are designed to provide a stable base from which you can mount test clamps, measurement devices, gages, and other components. | ||
| Specialty / Other | This refers to other specialized, proprietary, or unlisted fixture types. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Applications
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| Test Applications: | |||
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| Adhesion (Bond / Peel) | Adhesion, bond, or peel tests are used to evaluate joints, adhesives, coatings or adhesive tape adherence, bond strength, or peel strength. ASTM D-952 defines bond strength as being “the tensile stress required to rupture a bond formed by an adhesive between two metal blocks”. Additionally, they define adhesion as being “the state in which two surfaces are held together by interfacial forces, which may consist of valence forces, interlocking action, or both”. Adhesion is one of the most important properties of a coating (thin film, paint, plating, or other systems). ASTM C-313 standards provide a method to measure of the adherence of porcelain enamels and ceramic coatings to sheet metal. According to ASTM D-903, the peel or stripping strength of an adhesive bond is the average load per unit width of bond line required to part bonded materials where the angle of separation is 180 degrees and separation rate is 6 in/min. ASTM D-1781 uses the applied torque required to separate an adhesive and adherend in the climbing drum-peel test. This test provides the measurement of adhesion or peel resistance. Peel strength is commonly used to characterize adhesive tapes and coatings. | ||
| Balancing | Spin or burst test are destructive balancing tests. Other machines measure and/or correct for force or couple unbalance. | ||
| Compressive | During compression a material or product is squeezed by aligned opposing loads or forces. Compression testing can be performed on materials for a variety of purposes which depend on the material type; compressive properties can be dramatically different from tensile properties. Compression tests can be performed on static or dynamic systems. Static systems are usually preferred due to the larger displacement offered, and the relatively slow speed of the system for safety purposes. The most common fixture for compression testing is the compression platen. Ideally, a set of compression platens will provide parallel surfaces for loading of the specimen. Platens should also be of sufficient hardness and smoothness as not to influence the specimen results. Platens are available in two types, fixed and spherical seats. The spherical units provide automatic alignment for higher modules, materials, or specimens that have loading surfaces that are unparallel. | ||
| Creep / Stress Relaxation | Creep, stress relaxation, or stress rupture tests characterize material performance when under strain/stress conditions at elevated temperatures. These tests can provide important information about material or component properties under longer-term conditions. Creep or stress rupture tests are important for evaluating high-temperature aerospace or jet engine component materials. Stress relaxation tests are usually performed under constant strain conditions; this usually involves going to a specific load or strain point then holding the strain value. The resulting decrease in load or stress values is recorded over time. Creep tests are usually performed under constant load or stress conditions; these types of tests are performed by going to a load or stress point, then holding the load or stress value. The resulting increase in strain is recorded over time. Short and medium term creep and stress relaxation testing can be performed on static or dynamic systems. However, some long-term creep tests utilize a special test frame designed specifically for that purpose. | ||
| Drop / Shock | Drop/shock testing is often performed as part of a hardware qualification or design process. Information obtained during shock testing can improve the survivability of products and verify that they will perform properly in service. | ||
| Ductility | Ductility is the ability to undergo plastic deformation in tension or bending before fracturing. The ductility of metals or ductile plastic materials is typically evaluated in tensile tests. The degree of permanent plastic deformation or strain in terms of % elongation or % reduction in area provides a measure of ductility. Specialized bend tests are also used to evaluate the ductility of welds according to ASTM E-190. The ductility of welded joints is often evaluated in bend tests. | ||
| Fatigue / Cyclic | Fatigue Testers measure the fatigue resistance or resistance to failure of materials under controlled conditions of cyclic deformation. Failure of the test piece is the result of crack growth and the design of the machine. The cyclic load may be applied using a tensile tester with cycling capability, rotating beam tester or vibration tester. Fatigue testers may also be known as dynamic testers. | ||
| Flexure / Bending | Flexure or flex tests are used to evaluate the strength of brittle, fibrous, anisotropic, or low ductility materials including ceramics, composites, cast irons, highly loaded plastics, wood, concrete and refractories. Flexure testing consists of applying a load to a beam of the test material or sample, which is supported at both ends. Flexural strength, fiber strength, or modulus of rupture (MOR) is reported in these tests. Material properties can vary based upon the direction that stress is applied. For instance, concrete is very strong in compression, but weak in tension. Depending on the material rigidity, stiffness, or specifications either a three-point or four-point configuration is used. Four-point bend tests provide a known, uniform stress between the two central points. Test results are included as long as the sample breaks between the two central points. Specific test standards include ASTM D-790 for plastics, ASTM C-674 for fired whiteware, ASTM D-797 for elastomers and ASTM A-438 for cast iron and ASTM D-86 for glass materials. The term bend test is sometimes used to describe flexure tests, although bend or bending test types vary greatly and can be much different than a simple beam loading test. Bend test specifications are often particular to specific materials. Specialized bend tests are used to evaluate the ductility of welds according to ASTM E-190. Structural steel products are evaluated by bending a sample to a specified inside diameter (ASTM A-360, steel products). | ||
| Friction / Wear | Friction testers determine the coefficient of friction and the resisting force tangential to the interface between two bodies. This determination is based on the action of an external force where one body moves relative to the other. Wear testers evaluate the amount or type of wear (material, removal, or transfer) that occurs between two surfaces under wet, dry, or lubricated conditions or with abrasive particles. A pin on disc tester is a common machine used for wear tests. An applied load is transmitted through the pin to a rotating disc. The pin and disc are made of or coated with the materials to be evaluated. | ||
| Gaging | Gaging is the quantitative measurement of product, component dimensional attributes, and form attributes. These measurements include wall thickness, depth, height, length, inner diameter (ID), outer diameter (OD), taper, or bore. | ||
| Hardness | Hardness testers measure a material's resistance to indentation. This calculation is determined by measuring the permanent depth or projected area of the indentation. | ||
| Hydrostatic / Burst | Hydrostatic or burst testers apply an internal pressure and/or flow using a fluid (gas or liquid) to evaluate components. Components include fittings, pipe, tubing, vessel, cylinders, and hydraulic, pneumatic, or processing applications. The tests may determine how much flow and pressure a component can withstand before catastrophic failure occurs or leaks develop. | ||
| Impact Toughness | It is very difficult to measure many of the individual energy contributions however; however, impact tests are a valuable comparative test method. Impact tests measure the energy absorbed by the specimen before it breaks and a quantity composed of several energy contributions. This composition includes the energy absorbed by the impact machine through vibration. Vibration occurs after an initial contact with the specimen and a loss in pendulum energy (during pendulum impact tests). Energy loss occurs when total energy is consumed by specimen deformation and when the hammer striking the specimen. | ||
| Physical / Thermal Properties | Physical properties’ testing includes burst strength, cut and puncture resistance, life cycle and durability, pneumatics and hydraulics, Rockwell hardness, tensile strength, and elongation. Testing for thermal properties or characteristics includes conductive heat resistance, radiant protective performance (RPP), thermal conductivity, heat capacity, thermal protection or insulation properties using thermal exposure simulation, icing and high temperature exposure, or other thermal tests. | ||
| Pressure / Flow | Pressure and flow testing and inspection includes pressurized liquid or gas exposure, hydrostatic burst tests, flow tests, and evaluation of thermal (icing) effects on fluid systems. Pressure and flow tests are commonly used to evaluate hydraulic, pneumatic, or gas handling equipment. | ||
| Shear / Torsion | The shear strength is defined as the maximum stress that a material can withstand before failure in shear. In a planar shear test, opposing forces are applied parallel to the cross-sectional area under test. Torsion tests also provide an indication of shear properties. Torsion test evaluate materials or products under twisting loads or opposing radial forces according to ASTM E-143 or ISO equivalent standards. Data from torsion test is used to construct a stress-strain diagram and to determine elastic limit torsional modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture in torsion, and torsional strength. Calculation of shear strength depends upon the test method. For instance, the shear strength of a plastic is the maximum load required to shear a specimen in such a manner that the resulting pieces are completely clear of each other. Plastic shear strength is reported in psi, based on the area of the sheared edge (ASTM D-732). Timber shear strength is determined by methods given in ASTM D-143 and ASTM D-198. ASTM E-299 defines the shear strength of a structural adhesive has the maximum shear stress in the adhesive prior to failure under torsional loading. | ||
| Tensile | Tensile testing is the most common type of test for materials and products. Characterizing and reporting tensile test properties are a basic need in most labs from quality control to R & D. Many tensile tests are performed on static systems, although in many cases dynamic systems can be used for tensile tests. System considerations are test speed, control mode, ultimate load, and test displacement. | ||
| Texture Analysis | Texture analysis is primarily concerned with the evaluation of mechanical characteristics. Specifically when a food is subjected to a controlled force from which a deformation curve of its response is generated. Texture analysis is an integral part of the production chain that processes optimization and production, which is generated from research and development. Key fundamental characteristics affect finished product texture quality. These characteristics are identified throughout the initial stages of development after which they may be selected for at-line process control measurements. Common characteristics analyzed include hardness, cohesiveness, elasticity, adhesiveness, and viscosity. Secondary characteristics include brittleness, chewiness, and gumminess. | ||
| Universal | Universal testers have a combination of testing capabilities; these include tensile, compression, shear, or other test types. | ||
| Vibration | Vibration test systems are used to evaluate materials, products, and packages for design purposes as well as to simulate the vibration effects of product transportation. Vibration consists of an oscillating load. | ||
| Viscosity / Rheology | Viscometers define viscous properties of a fluid at ambient or defined temperatures. Rheometers characterize a liquid according to its viscous properties and elastic responses. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Additional specialized, proprietary, unlisted tests or standard methods for testing are another option. These tests include tear tests, breaking or fiber strength, wet strength, spring testers, asphalt testers, or other specialty test equipment. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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| ASTM | The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is a non-profit organization that develops and publishes voluntary standards for materials, products, systems, test methods, and services. Products that are ASTM-certified comply with design specifications for safety. | ||
| DIN | DIN is an acronym for Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN), a German national organization for standardization. | ||
| ISO | The International Standards Organization (ISO) is a worldwide federation of national standards organizations from over 100 countries. ISO's mission is to facilitate the international exchange of goods and services. In addition, they aim to foster cooperation in the spheres of intellectual, technological, and economic activity. ISO certifications include ISO 7779, ISO 9000, ISO 9001:1987, ISO 13485, ISO/TS 16949:2002, ISO 14000 and ISO 17025. ISO 7779 is concerned with acoustics, telecommunications equipment, and the measurement of airborne noise emitted by information technology (IT) equipment. ISO 9001:2000 establishes requirements for company quality management systems. ISO 13485 is concerned with medical devices, quality management systems, and requirements for regulatory purposes. ISO 14000 establishes requirements for environmental management policies that minimize a company’s harmful effects on the environment. ISO 17025 outlines the general requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. | ||
| JIS | Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) specify the standards used for industrial activities in Japan. The standardization process is coordinated by the Japanese Industrial Standards Committee and published through the Japanese Standards Association. | ||
| MIL-STD | Military specifications (MIL-SPEC) or military standards (MIL-STD) must be acknowledged by suppliers. | ||
| OEM Specific | Suppliers provide certifications for specific original equipment manufacturer (OEM) internal company specifications or requirements. | ||
| Brinell | The Brinell hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a 10 mm diameter hardened steel or carbide ball subjected to a load of 3000 kg. | ||
| Knoop | Knoop hardness is a method of measuring a material's hardness by its resistance to indentation. This method uses a precision diamond indenter in loads of 1 to 1000 gf. | ||
| Rockwell | The Rockwell Hardness Test presses a steel or diamond hemisphere-conical penetrator against a test specimen and measures the resulting indentation depth. HRC is an application used on the following types of metal: steel, hard cast irons, case hardened steel, and other materials harder than 100 HRB. | ||
| Shore® | Shore testers are ideal for use on plastics and elastomers. | ||
| Vickers | The Vickers hardness test method consists of indenting the test material with a diamond indenter, in the form of a right pyramid. A square base and an angle of 136 degrees between opposite faces subjected to a load of 1 to 100 kgf. | ||
| Charpy | Charpy is a standardized high strain impact test used to determine the amount of energy absorbed by a material during fracture. | ||
| Izod | Izod is a standardized impact test. A hammer strikes and breaks the sample. The amount of energy absorbed in the test is a measure of impact toughness. | ||
| Other | This refers to other specialized, proprietary or unlisted standards. | ||
| Search Logic: | Products with the selected attribute will be returned as matches. Leaving or selecting "No Preference" will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Specifications
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| Force / Load Capacity: | This refers to the maximum force, or force range, that can be applied during a test. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Stroke / Maximum Opening | The stroke, travel, or maximum opening of the test fixture or grip. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Length | This refers to the overall length of the test fixture. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Test Temperature: | This is the required range of test temperature or the temperature rating of the fixture, extensometer, or accessory. Test fixtures that are designed for use in environmental chambers will have an extended operating temperature range. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the limits in a "From - To" range; when both are specified, matching products will cover entire range. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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Operation
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| Operation | |||
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| Electrical / Electromechanical | The device is electrically or electromechanically operated. | ||
| Hydraulic | The device is hydraulically operated. | ||
| Mechanical | This device is operated mechanically or manually. | ||
| Air / Pneumatic | The device is pneumatically operated. | ||
| Other | This device has other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary operation types. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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