Industrial presses use a ram to shear, punch, form or assemble metal or other material by means of cutting, shaping, or combination dies attached to slides.
Lathes and turning centers cut a rotating part with a stationary cutting tool. The tool moves parallel and perpendicular to the workpiece axis to provide the desired finished shape.
Milling machines move a clamped workpiece into a fixed, rotating cutter; or move the cutter itself into a stationary workpiece. There are two basic configurations: vertical and horizontal.