I/Q modulators and I/Q demodulators change the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a carrier signal in order to transmit information. I/Q modulators split an incoming data stream into its in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components, mix the resulting signals with local oscillators that are 90º apart in phase, and then combine the outputs vectorially in a 0º mixer.
RF attenuators are circuits that reduce the power level of a signal by a certain amount (gain), with little or no reflection. They reduce the output signal with respect to the input and measure the power reduction in decibels (dB).
RF frequency multipliers are nonlinear devices that produce an output signal with a frequency that is larger than the frequency of a corresponding input signal by a predetermined factor.
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