Industrial ceramic materials are non-metallic, inorganic compounds that include oxides, carbides, or nitrides. They have high melting points, low wear resistance, and a wide range of electrical properties.
Lasers are devices that produce intense beams of monochromatic, coherent radiation. The word “laser” is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.
Light-emitting diodes (LED) are PN junction devices that give off light radiation when biased in the forward direction. LEDs are used in a wide variety of indication applications.
Optical choppers are mechanical or electronic devices that pass and then interrupt a beam of light for a known brief interval. Optical shutters are used to control the amount of time that a light sensitive material is exposed to radiation.
Semiconductors (metalloids) or semiconductor materials are used to fabricate microelectronic and optoelectronic devices such as transistors, photodetectors or solar cells.