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Active filters are electronic filers that use active components such as voltage amplifiers or operational amplifiers. The amplifier shapes and stabilizes the behavior of the filter, and serves as a buffer interface to the driven component.
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Aluminum electrolytic capacitors use an electrolytic process to form the dielectric. Wet electrolytic capacitors have a moist electrolyte. Dry or solid electrolytic capacitors do not.
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Amplifier and comparator chips are board-level components for amplifying voltage, current, or power.
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Analog comparators are amplifiers that compare the magnitude of voltages at two inputs. An analog comparator is an operational amplifier with negative feedback removed, and with no feedback and very high gain, the output voltage goes to one extreme to the other.
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Battery charger ICs are integrated circuits (IC) that are used to charge batteries.
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Capacitors are electronic components used for storing charge and energy. In their simplest form, capacitors consist of two conducting plates separated by an insulating material called the dielectric.
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Ceramic capacitors have a dielectric made of ceramic materials.
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Chip capacitors or surface mount capacitors do not have leads.
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Complex programmable logic devices (CPLDs) are integrated circuits (ICs) or chips that application designers configure to implement digital hardware such as mobile phones. CPLDs can handle significantly larger designs than simple programmable logic devices (SPLDs), but provide less logic than field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs).
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Crystals are naturally occurring materials that can be induced to resonate (vibrate) at an exact frequency. Quartz, a piezoelectric crystal that provides excellent mechanical and electrical stability, acquires a charge when compressed, twisted, or distorted.
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Darlington transistors (Darlington pairs) are semiconductor devices that combine two bipolar transistors in a single device. They provide high current gain (commonly written ß) and require less space than configurations that use two discrete transistors.
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Digital signal processors (DSPs) are specialized microprocessors designed specifically for digital signal processing, usually in real-time. DSPs can also be used to perform general-purpose computations, but are not optimized for this function.
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Diodes are electronic components that conduct electric current in only one direction, functioning as a one-way valve. Diodes are manufactured using semiconductor materials such as silicon, germanium or selenium and are used as voltage regulators, signal rectifiers, oscillators and signal modulators / demodulators.
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Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) chips are single-transistor memory cells that use small capacitors to store each bit of memory in an addressable format that consists of rows and columns. Because capacitors are unable to hold a charge indefinitely, DRAM memory chips require a near-constant pulse of current to retain stored information.
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Electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) chips are similar to PROM devices, but require only electricity to be erased.
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Erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) chips are programmable, reusable computer chips that can be erased using ultraviolet light and reprogrammed with a PROM programmer or PROM burner.
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Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have a different architecture than SPLDs and CPLDs, and typically offer higher capacities. FPGAs are also known as logic cell arrays (LCA) and programmable ASIC (pASIC).
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Film capacitors are insulated with polyester, polycarbonate, polypropylene, polystyrene, or other dielectric materials.
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General-purpose diodes are electric components that conduct electric current in only one direction, functioning similarly to a one-way valve.
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IC analog switches are integrated circuits (ICs) that allow electric current to flow when closed and prevent current from flowing when open. They are often used to interface analog signals to digital controllers.
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IC electronic filters are frequency-selective circuits that consist of devices such resistors, capacitors, inductors, transistors, or operational amplifiers coupled with reactive components.
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Integrated circuit (IC) linear voltage regulators use voltage-controlled sources to force a fixed voltage to appear at their output terminal.
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IC switching voltage regulators are integrated circuits (ICs) that store energy in an inductor, transformer, or capacitor and then use this storage device to transfer energy from the input to the output in discrete packets over a low-resistance switch.
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IC voltage regulators are three-terminal devices that provide a constant DC output voltage that is independent of the input voltage, output load current, and temperature. IC voltage regulators are used in power supplies that hold their output voltage constant over a wide range of load variations.
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Junction field-effect transistors (JFET) consist of a semiconductor channel in which the width and the conductivity of the channel is controlled by the space-charge region associated with the p-n region.
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Liquid crystal display (LCD) modules are used at the component level in place of less efficient displays such as cathode ray tubes (CRTs). These modules do not include a housing and must be incorporated into a larger instrument or system.
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Memory chips are internal storage areas in computers. Although the term “memory chip” commonly refers to a computer's random access memory (RAM), this product area includes many different types of electronic data storage. Computer memory stores data electronically in cells. Without memory chips, a computer could not read programs or retain data.
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Metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) are electronic switching devices with a conducting channel as the output. An electrode called a gate controls the width of the channel and determines how well the MOSFET conducts.
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Microcontrollers (MCU) are complete computer systems on a chip. They combine an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), memory, timer/counters, serial port, input/output (I/O) ports and a clock oscillator.
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Oscillators are devices that are used to generate repetitive signals. They produce output signals without an input signal. There are two major types of electronic oscillators: harmonic oscillators and relaxation oscillators. Harmonic oscillators produce sine wave outputs. Relaxation oscillators produce non-sine wave outputs such as square wave, rectangular wave, and sawtooth outputs.
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Power bipolar transistors are semiconductors in which a base n-type or p-type layer is sandwiched between emitter and collector layers of the opposite type. The junctions between the semiconductor sections amplify weak incoming electrical signals.
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Power operational amplifiers (POA) are used to increase the power of low-level signals in applications that drive low impedances or reactive loads. They dissipate excess energy as heat, deliver extensive current, and can sustain relatively high supply voltages.
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Programmable logic devices (PLD) are designed with configurable logic and flip-flops linked together with programmable interconnect. PLDs provide specific functions, including device-to-device interfacing, data communication, signal processing, data display, timing and control operations, and almost every other function a system must perform.
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Pulse width modulated (PWM) amplifier chips generate a current that switches between high and low output levels. PWM amplifiers have a much higher power capability for a given volume than linear amplifiers. They are also less expensive.
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Rectifier diodes are designed for use in rectification circuits. Rectifiers are used to convert AC to DC.
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Resistor, capacitor networks (RC networks) are integrated circuits (ICs) that contain resistor-capacitor arrays in a single chip.
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Resistors and potentiometers are passive electronic components that oppose the flow of either alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC).
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Resonators are frequency-selective electronic circuits that can produce a fixed (resonant) frequency when properly excited. The value of the resonant frequency depends on the circuit’s components (e.g., inductors, resistors, capacitors, crystals, etc.).
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Schottky diodes in their simplest form consist of a metal layer that contacts a semiconductor element. The metal / semiconductor junctions exhibit rectifying behavior (i.e., the current passes through the structure more readily with one polarity than the other).
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Silicon controlled rectifiers (SCR) are four-layer (PNPN) thyristors with three terminals: an input control terminal (gate), an output terminal (anode), and a terminal common to both the input and output (cathode). SCRs are used mainly with high voltages and currents, often to control alternating current (AC) where the change of sign causes the device to switch off automatically.
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Small-signal bipolar transistors (BJT) are semiconductors that amplify small AC or DC signals. They consist of a base n-type or p-type layer sandwiched between emitter and collector layers of the opposite type.
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Specialty diodes are specialty or proprietary products and accessories related to diodes.
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Tantalum capacitors are used in smaller electronic devices including portable telephones, pagers, personal computers, and automotive electronics.
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Thyristors are a class of four-layer (PNPN) semiconductor devices that act as switches, rectifiers, or voltage regulators.
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Transistors are electronic devices made of semiconductor material that amplify a signal or open or close a circuit.
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Triacs are three-terminal silicon devices that are configured in an inverse parallel arrangement to provide load current during both halves of the AC supply voltage. They are often used to control motor speed.
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Voltage references are electronic circuits that produce a constant output voltage (reference) that is used to compare other voltages in a system.
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Zener diodes are PN junction devices that are designed to operate in the reverse-breakdown region.
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