Reference Articles 1201 - 1300 of 1969
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Implementation of a DSP-based 20-bit High Resolution Quasi-Absolute Encoder for Low-Speed Feedback Control Applications - White Paper (.pdf)
From: Avago TechnologiesDescription: Absolute encoders using optical technology often face limitations in resolution and size. For example, to achieve a higher resolution of up to 16-bits, the absolute encoder has to be combined with an ...
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Temperature Rise in Human Tissue from SAR
From: Remcom (USA)Description: T he temperature rise in a human head caused by absorbed power in the form of SAR from a cellular telephone is computed using a bio-heat equation approach. The SAR is computed using an FDTD solver for ...
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Implementing Ohmmeter/Temperature Sensor
Description: This application note describes a method forimplementing an ohmmeter or resistance type temperature sensor using the PIC16C5X series of microcontrollers. The ohmmeter requires only two external ...
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Interfacing the TC77 Thermal Sensor to a PICmicro® Microcontroller
Description: Silicon temperature sensors offer an easy-to-use alternative to traditional temperature sensors, such as thermocouple, thermistors and RTDs. The TC77 SPI™ Thermal Silicon Sensor is especially ...
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Motor Control Sensor Feedback Circuits
Description: Sensors are a critical component in a motor control system. They are used to sense the current, position, speed and direction of the rotating motor. Recent advancements in sensor technology have ...
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Oscillator Circuits For RTD Temperature Sensors
Description: This application note shows how to design a temperature sensor oscillator circuit using Microchip's low-cost MCP6001 operational amplifier (op amp) and the MCP6541 comparator. Oscillator circuits can ...
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Solving Thermal Measurement Problems Using The TC72 And TC77 Digital Silicon Temperature Sensors
Description: The TC72 and TC77 are CMOS silicon temperature sensors that provide an accurate digital temperature measurement to solve thermal measurement problems. Data is converted from an internal diode ...
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Temperature Measurement Circuits for Embedded Applications
Description: This application note shows how to select a temperature sensor and conditioning circuit to maximize the measurement accuracy and simplify the interface to the microcontroller. Practical circuits and ...
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Thermistor Temperature Sensing with MCP6S2X PGA
Description: This application note shows two circuits that use a precise, negative temperature coefficient (NTC) thermistor for temperature measurement. The thermistor is placed in a resistive divider to linearize ...
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Application Circuits of the TC620/TC621Solid-State Temperature Sensors
Description: The TC620/TC621are solid-state temperature sensors that are easy to program and interface with control equipment. The TC620 senses the temperature internally, while the TC621 uses an external ...
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Applications of the TC62X Solid-State Temperature Sensors
Description: Sensing temperature and comparing that temperature to preset limits is the basis for a variety of problems that designers face in system design and process control. Conventional temperature sensing ...
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KEELOQ Code Hopping Decoder Using Secure Learn
Description: All KEELOQ encoders use the KEELOQ code hopping technology to make each transmission by an encoder unique. The encoder transmissions have two parts. The first part changes each time the encoder is ...
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KEELOQ® CRC Verification Routines
Description: All of the KEELOQ Encoders share the same standard code word format composed of a basic set of 65 bits of information. Although, the Advanced Encoders (e.g. HCS360, HCS361) supplement that set with ...
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Precision Temperature-Sensing With RTD Circuits
Description: The most widely measured phenomena in the process control environment is temperature. Common elements, such as Resistance Temperature Detectors (RTDs), thermistors, thermocouples or diodes are used to ...
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Thermistors in Single Supply Temperature Sensing Circuits
Description: There is a variety of temperature sensors on the market all of which meet specific application needs. The most common sensors that are used to solve these application problems include the ...
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Analog Sensor Conditioning Circuits - An Overview
Description: Analog sensors produce a change in an electrical property to indicate a change in its environment. This change in electrical property needs to be conditioned by an analog circuit before conversion to ...
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Interfacing a TC1047A Analog Output Temperature Sensor to a PICmicro® Microcontroller
Description: Analog output silicon temperature sensors offer an easy-to-use alternative to traditional temperature sensors, such as thermistors. The TC1047A offers many system-level advantages, including the ...
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Interfacing a TC1047A Analog Output Temperature Sensor to a PICmicro® Microcontroller
Description: Analog output silicon temperature sensors offer an easy-to-use alternative to traditional temperature sensors, such as thermistors. The TC1047A offers many system-level advantages, including the ...
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Interfacing the MCP9800 I2C Digital Temperature Sensor to a PICmicro Microcontroller
Description: The MCP9800 is a digital CMOS silicon temperature sensor that provides an accurate digital temperature measurement. Data is converted from an internal diode temperature-sensing element to a digital ...
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The sound which microphone received is too low
Description: Normally, the higher the impedance is, the better the sensitivity will be. However if the impedance is too high to get enough voltage/current, the high frequency response may get worse. Input higher ...
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The sound which microphone received is too low
Description: Normally, the higher the impedance is, the better the sensitivity will be. However if the impedance is too high to get enough voltage/current, the high frequency response may get worse. Input higher ...
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Can Design Example: Simple Sensor Node
Description: The CAN bus (Controller Area Network) protocol was designed to be a high-speed, reliable communication protocol for command and control network applications. Microchip offers a complete line of ...
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Detecting Small Capacitive Sensors Using the MCP6291 and PIC16F690 Devices
Description: This application note shows how to use a PICmicro® microcontroller and minimal external circuitry to detect small capacitances. The design is based on an operational amplifier (op amp) ...
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Modular PICmicro® Mid-Range MCU Code Hopping Decoder
Description: This application note describes a KEELOQ® code hopping decoder implemented on a Microchip Mid-Range PICmicro microcontroller (PIC16CE624). The software has been designed as a group of independent ...
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Precision RTD Instrumentation for Temperature Sensing
Description: AN1154 Precision RTD Instrumentation for Temperature Sensing SOLUTION Author: Ezana Haile Microchip Technology Inc. This solution uses a common reference voltage to bias the RTD and the ADC which ...
- Temperature Sensor Design Guide
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Temperature Sensor Strategies Keep System Thermal Problems in Check
Description: Various concerns must be addressed when dealing with temperature sensing applications, which fall into two broad categories: precision temperature measurement and system thermal management. Precision ...
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Voltage Supervisors Design Guide
Description: The wide range of Microchip's family of Voltage Supervisors and Voltage Detectors gives the systems designers many options of the creation of high-reliability systems. To ease the system designer's ...
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The Rate Integrating Gyroscope (RIG), Part 1
Description: The gyroscope is an instrument where the input is a rate of turn (angular rate). Any gyroscope is a torque-in, torque-out device. Therefore, the output of the gyro is a change in the gimbal angle (the ...
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Encoders for Hazardous Locations
From: Dynapar Corp.Description: With today's widespread demand for energy, oil exploration and production are critical to the global economy. Drilling companies and equipment manufacturers are continually looking for ways to improve ...
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Protecting the Die and Press - White Paper
From: Balluff, Inc.Description: Metal formers today find themselves in a fight for survival. Increasingly, contracts are going to the companies that supply perfect parts all the time. Customers are not satisfied with suppliers that ...
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Broadcast FM Radio Tuner for Portable Applications
From: Silicon LabsDescription: This document applies to Si4702/03-C Firmware 19 and greater. Worldwide FM band support (76-108 MHz). Digital low-IF receiver. Frequency synthesizer with integrated VCO. Seek tuning. Automatic ...
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Frequency Modulation (FM) Tutorial
From: Silicon LabsDescription: Edwin H. Armstrong, known as one of the founding fathers of radio technology, invented the superheterodyne radio receiver in 1918 and frequency modulation (FM) in 1933 [1]. These two concepts, along ...
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How to Make Your Own Plug-and-Play Load Cell System and Eliminate Costly Errors
Description: Typically, this is the problem you face: A variety of load cells are needed to calibrate your system or to conduct a range of force measurements for a testing application. The load cell connected to ...
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Manufacturing Condition Monitoring
From: Tekscan, Inc.Description: One of the challenges faced by production managers and engineers is to minimize damage and loss of product during manufacturing. Sensor Wireless Inc. has developed specialized wireless technology to ...
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ShotWatch by Grip & Rip Technology
From: Tekscan, Inc.Description: When the makers of ShotWatch, were seeking a thin, economical, repeatable and reliable force sensor to incorporate into their golf-training device, they found Tekscan. Once they incorporated a ...
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Fire and Gas Protection Systems as Part of Safety Instrumented Systems and Risk Management
Description: Process-systems operators today face increasing demands for lower costs and higher safety standards in an increasingly regulated environment. In addition, companies desire to provide a working ...
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Sensors and RFID for Advanced Error Proofing - White Paper
From: Balluff, Inc.Description: Error proofing is now an accepted tool for achieving substantial gains in product quality and manufacturing efficiency. This white paper is intended to provide a general overview of some of the ways ...
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Anthrax Sampling
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: The recent mailing of letters containing anthrax, a potentially harmful bacterium, has raised frequent questions to Sensidyne's customer service group. How do we monitor for airborne anthrax? Are ...
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Common Quesions Revolving Around Detector Tube Accuracy
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: Some of the most commonly asked questions directed to our customer answer center revolve around detector tube system accuracy. Let's take a look at some of the more common questions and see if we can ...
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Control Systems for Personal Monitoring Pumps
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: When personal monitoring pumps first appeared in the 1950s, they were simple devices, designed for the rugged task of airborne dust monitoring in underground coal mines. By the mid 1970s the designs ...
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Detector Tube Measurements from Pressurized Systems
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: While most detector tube applications are health and safety related, many others are process related. Detector tubes are often used to monitor for combustion products in flue gases, contaminants in ...
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Detector Tubes For Refineries
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: Safety professionals and industrial hygienists in petroleum refineries must face a unique air monitoring problem. Refineries incorporate many production processes that handle a large number of ...
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Expanding Detector Tube Measuring Ranges
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: A detector tube system is a most versatile tool, simple to use yet covering a wide assortment of airborne gas and vapor measurement applications. The tube catalogs of the major brands typically list ...
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Gas Detection for Acetylene Manufacturing Plants
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: Sensidyne has custom designed Gas Detection equipment for Acetylene manufacturing facilities. Two systems have been designed, both of which consist of an infrared sensor and transmitter to detect ...
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New Gas Sensors Simplify Power Plant Leak Detection
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: Most large electrical generating equipment has a pressurized direct or indirect hydrogen cooling system for the generator. Hydrogen conducts heat 7 times better than aire, making it an ideal coolant ...
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Oil and Gas Industry
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: The oil and gas industry is very diverse. Within the overall industry there are several smaller sub-industries, each with different needs. The term "oil and gas industry" refers to a wide variety of ...
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Power Plant SCR Units and Ammonia Safety Measures
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: Selectrive Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems will be installed on 100,000 MW of U.S. coal-fired generating capacity by 2004. SCR investment for Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) control will be the largest for ...
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Pulp and Paper Industry
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: The pulp and paper industry uses various chemicals to process pulp, both directly and indirectly. Hydrogen sulfide is created as a by-product of the digester process. Chlorine and chlorine dioxide are ...
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Remote Sampling with Detector Tubes
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: From time to time the industrial hygienist or safety professional is tasked with monitoring for air contaminants in a remote location, such as with tank entry or other confined space entry. In those ...
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Waste Water Treatment Methods
From: Sensidyne, LPDescription: To understand the gas detection needs of the waste water industry you must have a basic understanding of the processes of the plant. The following information is a guideline for the four main phases ...
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Omnidirectional and Unidirectional Microphone
Description: Imagining that a microphone is set in the center of a sphere, and the sound is generated on the surface of the sphere. Because the sound waves are diffused and diffractive, the SPL which the ...
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Smart Sensor Distinguishes Between Film and Leader Material in Film-Processing Machines
From: Omron Electronics LLCDescription: Deluxe Laboratories processes original negative film that studio cameramen shoot and produces finished film prints that are distributed to theatres. The company has a global capacity to process more ...
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Using ZoomingADC to Adapt the ADC to the Sensor, and not the Other Way Around!
From: Semtech Corp.Description: There is a wide variety of sensing elements available on the market to accommodate different types of measurements. One thing most of these sensors have in common is that their output signal is less ...
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Innovations in Non-Contact Torque Sensing Solutions
Description: MDI is a unique sensing solution provider - functioning as a business partner to its OEM clients, from product design through production. MDI has a number of technological patents that are the core of ...
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Load Cell and TORQUE SENSOR Application - Stamping
Description: Different types of sensors / transducers can be used simultaneously in order to improve quality during manufacturing or production processes. Below, a torque sensor attached to a motor at the top of a ...
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Load Cell Application - Assembly line / Automation
Description: Below is a common assembly line lineup. It is a conveyor based assembly line where a piece of sheet metal is traveling through several operations. The first step is the stamping / punching station in ...
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Load Cell Application - Bag Filling Machine
Description: FUTEK load cell system can be used in an automated assembly-line bag filling application. As shown the upper conveyor loads parts into a hanging container. The container is connected to a load cell. ...
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Load Cell Application - Brake Evaluation
Description: As common test among major automotive manufacturers, brake testing isn't only required by government regulation, it is also a safety measure that any consumer would definitely want undertaken before ...
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Load Cell Application - Car Door Test
Description: In this particular application, a car door is being tested. This test can be used to determine whether or not the door could function for a certain time period, or how long it will last before it ...
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Load Cell Application - Closed Loop Feedback
Description: The diagram below is a good example of closed loop feed back operation. It shows how donut / thru hole load cells and pancake load cells can be used in insertion / press applications for precision ...
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Load Cell Application - Medical Bag
Description: FUTEK products are widely used in Medical Instrumentation devices and equipment to further automate and minimize human error and provide extended features for smarter interface. Some common ...
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Load Cell Application - Suspension Bridge
Description: FUTEK load cell and instruments can be used in suspension bridges. Our load cells can be installed on the cables to measure the tension and stress applied to the cables under various traffic ...
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Load Cell Application - Tank / Silo
Description: Load cells can be placed on the legs of a silo or tank in order to monitor how full it is. When more than one load cell is used, a junction box is needed to average the load of all the load cells and ...
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Load Cell Application - Viscosity / Liquid Separation
Description: This particular application is used in batching or mixing of multiple chemicals. By measuring the viscosity, you can determine when to stop adding a liquid to the mix. As shown here, the table can be ...
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Load Cell Application - Wind Tower
Description: Utilizing a single or multiple load cells, you may monitor all stresses induced due to high wind activities on the towers located in remote areas. The load cells via a junction box are connected to ...
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Load Cell Application - Wireless Shoe Sensor
Description: Wire and wireless force sensors / load cells can now be used as an everyday accessory for consumer use. They are used in shoes in combination with an MP3 player to measure your activity and transfer ...
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Pressure Sensor Application - Automation
Description: Pressure sensors can be placed on the bottom of a silo or tank in order to monitor how full or empty it is by measuring & monitoring the pressure while knowing the volume & liquid density. Utilizing ...
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Pressure Sensor Application - Hydraulic Systems
Description: Most cranes, earthmovers and similar equipment are operated using hydraulic systems. In order to control the movement, holding, gripping or applied force, pressure sensors are utilized to monitor and ...
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Pressure Sensor Application - Pressure Verification
Description: Pressure sensors are used to measure pressure in fluid or gas applications. In this particular example, gas is compressed in the compressor. When the gas is let out it needs to be cooled down since ...
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Torque Sensor Application - Assembly Line / Automation
Description: Sensors / transducers are essential in many automated assembly, packaging and labeling processes. Below, a reaction torque sensor is setup with a servo motor in an automated conveyor belt assembly ...
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Torque Sensor Application - Constant Flow Pump
Description: In the constant flow pump, a stepping / stepper motor is used to create a pumping function and allow fluid to flow. A reaction torque sensor attached to the back end of the motor monitors the required ...
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Torque Sensor Application - Low Capacity
Description: The typical application of these products include measurements dynamometers, tool dulling indicator, motor quality control or conversion of rotary to reaction torque. ...
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Torque Sensor Application - Precision & Maintenance
Description: The typical application of these products include measurements dynamometers, tool dulling indicator, motor quality control or conversion of rotary to reaction torque. Load Cell | Bending Beam Load ...
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Torque Sensor Application - Prosthetic Limbs
Description: Sensors and transducers have been very instrumental in the development of prosthetic devices. They allow prosthetic devices to closely mimic human limbs. In the example below, a smart/digital torque ...
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Torque Sensor Application - Rotating Torque Monitoring System
Description: Inline Rotary Torque Sensors / Transducers are normally used in line with rotating shafts or nut runners for feed back control. For optimum performance, it is recommended to utilize coupling in order ...
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Load Cell Application - Dual Tank Level Controller
Description: As illustrated in this application the volume of a single or multiple container of any shape or form can be monitored and controlled during an automated process using load cells and instrumentations ...
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Load Cell Application - Tank Dispensing
Description: In this application FUTEK load cells are used to control material distribution while monitoring the tank level. The load cell with in-line amplifier can be directly connected to a plc or computer for ...
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Connecting Sensors Over Ethernet
From: Moxa Inc.Description: Direct wiring methods are commonly used for simple on-off device control, where a circuit is either open or closed. A typical example would be the wiring used for a light switch. Likewise, digital ...
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Available Gas Concentration, Sensors, Probes & Connectors
From: Clark SolutionsDescription: An unsatisfactory room air quality of indoor rooms (e.g. in offices) can easily cause tiredness, poor powers of concentration and even diseases to people. Indicator for the room air quality is the ...
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Available Humidity, Dew Point, and Moisture Sensors, Probes & Connectors
From: Clark SolutionsDescription: For humidity measurements various methods are used that differ from each other mainly with regard to their accuracy and their suitability for long term measurements and the substance used for the ...
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Available Temperature Sensors, Probes & Connectors
From: Clark SolutionsDescription: Thermocouples consist of two spot-welded wires of different metals or alloys. The thermoelectric effect at the contact surface is used to measure temperatures. A relatively small thermoelectric ...
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Emissivity Tables for Infrared Thermometers
From: Clark SolutionsDescription: nderstanding an object's emissivity, or its characteristic "radiance" is a critical component in the proper handling of infrared measurements. Concisely, emissivity is the ratio of radiation emitted ...
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Flosonex™ Ultrasonic Vortex Flowmeters
From: Clark SolutionsDescription: FloSonex vortex flow meters are designed for accurate flow rate measurement of ultra-pure and ultra-aggressive liquids. The flow sensor consists of a solid flow tube and a removable PTFE or PVDF ...
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Infrared Thermometers Tutorial
From: Clark SolutionsDescription: The Royal Astronomer Sir William Herschel discovered "Dark Heat" radiation in 1800. In 1880 the term "infrared" was coined. Samuel Langley invented the bolometer that measures variations of resistance ...
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The ALMEMO® system: One Instrument for All Sensors
From: Clark SolutionsDescription: Since the first ALMEMO® handheld instrument was introduced in 1993, we have continuously improved the fascinating ALMEMO® system with its infinite possibilities for sensor connection, data ...
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Choosing High-Speed Surface Inspection Sensors - Comparing area CMOS to linear CCD for Speed, Cost, and Flexibility
From: LMI Technologies Inc.Description: Traditional high-speed web or surface inspection has been reserved for linear CCD imagers, but today we also need to consider area CCD and area CMOS imagers. Each technology has different features ...
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Criteria for the Selection of the Proper Distance Sensor Technology
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: An efficient selection of the proper sensor technology for distance measurement becomes more and more important. Continuously increasing requirements to machine capacity and reduced budgets requires a ...
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Choosing Sensors for Medical Applications (.pdf)
Description: The population is growing, people are aging, and modern medical miracles are available in plenty. To support this growth as more and more people seek medical help, there is a need to reduce manual ...
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Immersion Touch Technology in the Human Machine Interface
Description: May 5, 2005: Immersion Corporation, (Nasdaq: IMMR - News), a leading developer and licensor of touch feedback technology, and Measurement Systems Inc (Ultra MSI), a subsidiary of Ultra Electronics ...
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Color Contrast and Luminescence Sensors
From: EMX Industries, Inc.Description: As the demand for products in the world-market continues to push production, the requirements for high-speed automated processes capable of providing these products and components at lower cost and ...
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Gas Regulators: Selection, Installation and Operation
From: Sigma-AldrichDescription: Aldrich lecture bottle and specialty gas regulators are designed for use with dry (anhydrous) gases at a normal operating temperature of 70°F (21°C) and maximum inlet pressure of 3000psig. Certain ...
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Pressure Conversion Chart
From: Sigma-Aldrich
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The Difference Between the Speaker and the Receiver
Description: The basic structure of the speaker and the receiver is almost the same; the diaphragm generates the sound by the reaction upon the sound coil and magnet. ...
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Introduction to Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors
From: PCB Piezotronics, Inc.Description: Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors measure dynamic pressures. They are generally not suited for static pressure measurements. Dynamic pressure measurements including turbulence, blast, ballistics and ...
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Sensors Expand Vision Applications - Vision & Sensors Source Book Dec 2007
From: LMI Technologies Inc.Description: Laser line sensors today are finding more roles in industrial inspection applications. These sensors are ideal for localizing defects in manufactured goods; specifically, this sensor technology has ...
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Centrigrade to Fahrenheit Conversion Tool
From: ThermtrolDescription: Our conversion tool assumes your number is positve unless you indicate otherwise with a negative sign, before the number. ...
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Chocolate Temper Measurement
From: TRICOR Systems Inc.Description: Many fine papers have been delivered and written about chocolate temper by authors far more knowledgeable than this writer as regards to the chemistry and processes involved in producing the ...
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Glossary of Terms for Thermal Control and Protection
From: ThermtrolDescription: Ambient Temperature: The normal or typical temperature of the environment surrounding the device. ...
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The Self-Contained Thru-Beam Sensor - White Paper
From: Balluff, Inc.Description: This white paper describes the main features and how to use self contained thru-beam sensors. These sensors are fast becoming the "go-to" sensors for a variety of error proofing sensing tasks. ...
