Reference Articles 1401 - 1500 of 1955
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Introduction to Charge Mode Accelerometers
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: Dytran charge mode accelerometers are designed to measure shock and vibration phenomena over a broad temperature range. These accelerometers, unlike the Low Impedance Voltage Mode (LIVM) types, ...
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Introduction to Current Source Power Units
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: In order to fully understand the purpose of current source power units, it will be necessary to first understand the operation of the low impedance voltage mode (LIVM) sensors with which the power ...
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Introduction to Impulse Hammers
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: A transfer function of a mechanical system describes its dynamic behavior in response to an applied stimulus (excitation). There are six major transfer functions used in mechanical systems analysis. ...
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Introduction to LIVM Accelerometers
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: Low Impedance Voltage Mode (LIVM) accelerometers are designed to measure shock and vibration phenomena over a wide frequency range. They contain integral IC electronics that converts the high ...
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Introduction to Piezoelectric Force Sensors
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: Low Impedance Voltage Mode (LIVM) force sensors contain thin piezoelectric crystals which generate analog voltage signals in response to applied dynamic forces. A built in IC chip amplifier converts ...
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Introduction to Piezoelectric Pressure Sensors
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: Dynamic pressure sensors are designed to measure pressure changes in liquids and gasses such as in shock tube studies, in-cylinder pressure measurements, field blast tests, pressure pump ...
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Low Frequency Phase Shift in LIVM Sensors as a Function of Discharge Time Constant and Frequency
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: Low Impedance Voltage Mode (LIVM) sensors are piezoelectric devices with integral FET impedance converting amplifiers. To bias the amplifier, a high value resistor is placed in parallel with the gate ...
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Low Frequency Response and Quasi-Static Behavior of LIVM Sensors
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: Low Frequency Response - The ability of a sensor to measure very low frquency sinusoidal or periodic inputs (pressure, force and acceleration) with accuracy. This ability is best characterized by a ...
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Piezoelectric Measurement System Comparison: Charge Mode vs. Low Impedance Voltage Mode (LIVM)
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: Piezoelectric sensors (Transducers) measure dynamic phenomena such as force, pressure and acceleration (including shock and vibration). Inside the sensor, piezoelectric materials such as quartz and ...
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Useful Formulae and Conversion Factors
From: Dytran Instruments, Inc.Description: Low frequency response, piezo sensors ...
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What Should I Do To the Noise?
Description: If the direct current mix with the alternating current signal, we will hear a stable level, low frequency and continual noise. We can lead the power to the microphone directly, or set a non-join ...
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Flow Conditioning Improves Flow Measurement Accuracy and Reduces Plant Process Costs
Description: If you're planning to expand, upgrade or retrofit your plant in the near future, chances are that you'll be facing a real estate crisis when it comes to finding a place for all your new or upgraded ...
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Improve Flow Meter Flexibility and Simplify Maintenance By Combining Wired and Wireless Technologies
Description: While wireless technology has grown rapidly in terms of devices, functionality and availability in the consumer and commercial electronics markets, the wireless revolution is today a bit further ...
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Improving Wastewater Treatment With Air Flow Instrumentation
Description: In wastewater treatment plants, a variety of processes are employed to eliminate organic pollutants from water to ensure its safety and release for future uses. One of the most common processes is the ...
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Monitor Your Pump for Process Efficiency
Description: Pumps are all too frequently one of the most overlooked and abused pieces of equipment in process automation, yet nothing moves without them and a process becomes inefficient when they don't operate ...
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Optimize HVAC and Process System Efficiency by Matching Your Plant and Processes To The Right Flow Measurement Technology
Description: Plant engineers have many flow measurement technology options when selecting flow sensors or flow meters to optimize heating-ventilation-air-conditioning (HVAC) and process control systems. It is ...
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Protect Your Pump and Keep It Longer
Description: In today's complex and frequently rugged process plant environments, liquid pumps are often over-worked and under-protected from adverse operating conditions. Many pumps run nearly non-stop 24-hours a ...
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Vibration Isolation of Precision Objects
Description: The need for vibration isolation of precision and vibration sensitive objects is increasing continuously. Vibration isolation systems must comply with contradictory specifications, such as requiring ...
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The Way to Drive a Buzzer
Description: For a self- drive buzzer ( DC/ circuit- built), either pizeo or magnetic just apply the rated current and voltage. ...
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Small Size Speaker but Generate Higher SPL
Description: n order to increase sound pressure level, we need to vibrate more air molecule by more power under unit time. For the two sizes speakers, the area of diaphragms of the 15mm speakers are around 176mm ...
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Playful Control
Description: There is an increasing demand for joysticks. Managing director of elobau, Michael Hetzer, can see the trend in his order books: "Our joysticks are used to a high degree in various industrial vehicles ...
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Basic Vocabulary in Acoustics
Description: The physical character of sound Sound: The pressure wave which is vibrated in the elastic medium. Wave: The presentation of passing the energy from one place to another place. ...
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Illuminate the Invisible
From: EMX Industries, Inc.Description: Engineers have several choices to sense the presence of objects or information: machine vision systems and photoelectric sensors have been common selections. Recently, manufacturers have enhanced UV ...
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Power Plant Thermography-Wide Range of Applications
From: FLIRDescription: A Midwest nuclear power plant utilizes 345 kV oil circuit breakers (OCBs) rated at 2,000 amps with an interrupting capacity of 63,000 amps. OCBs are independent-pole, pneumatically operated breakers: ...
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The Advantages of the Rubber Holder
Description: Microphone is a component to receive the sound, therefore it is possible to receive any other sound which happens near the microphone at the same time, for instant, when we touch the casing; or the ...
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Accelerated Life Testing
From: U.S. SensorDescription: U.S. Sensor Corp. is dedicated to continuous improvement in the design and functionality of our temperature sensing devices. Every batch of thermistors is tested for nominal value, as well as ...
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Renishaw Encoders Ride a Controlled Explosion
From: RenishawDescription: In Stanley Kubrick's classic film Dr. Strangelove Slim Pickens was dropped from the aeroplane riding a bomb. If he'd been riding a motorcycle then he would certainly have been astride a KTM Nitro ...
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Thermistor Terminology
From: U.S. SensorDescription: ZERO-POWER RESISTANCE The zero-power resistance is the dc resistance value of a thermistor measured at a specified temperature with power dissipated by the thermistor low enough that any further ...
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Speaker Size and Sound Pressure Level
Description: In order to increase sound pressure level, we need to vibrate more air molecule by more power under unit time. For the two sizes speakers, the area of diaphragms of the 15mm speakers are around 176mm ...
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Eaton: Sensor Learning Course
From: NewarkDescription: The following pages contain a complete learning course that will take you through the basic operation and application of limit switches, inductive and capacitive proximity sensors, and photoelectric ...
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Can a Fluid Sensor Improve the Flow of Electricity?
From: Gems Sensors & ControlsDescription: Thousands of gas fired turbine generators of the 1 to 12,000 kW sizes provide supplemental power to businesses and industry around the world. Independently owned and operated, there is a keen eye ...
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Can a Fluid Sensor Make Kidney Dialysis Pleasant?
From: Gems Sensors & ControlsDescription: More than 800,000 patients worldwide suffer from chronic renal failure that results in accumulation of toxic substances in the blood and overhydration. Most could not survive for more than 10 to 14 ...
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Can a Fluid Sensors
From: Gems Sensors & ControlsDescription: When our Off-Highway Vehicle (OHV) customer, we'll call them Earthmovers Inc., changed coolant formulation to extend its useful life thus decreasing maintenance, it discovered that the sensor it had ...
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Resistance Temperature Detectors RTD
From: Acrolab Ltd.Description: ACROLAB RTD assemblies utilize wire wound platinum elements with a reference resistance of 100 Ohms at 0 C and a temperature coefficient of 0.00385 Ohms/Ohm/C degrees. ALL Acrolab RTD probes are of ...
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Retrofit Decreases Dissolved Oxygen at Low Load
From: INTEK, Inc.Description: Entergy's Little Gypsy Unit 2 is a 450 MW gas-fired (with an oil alternative) thermal power plant originally designed for base load operation. Since changing over to peaking power operation, the plant ...
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Thermocouple Types
From: Acrolab Ltd.Description: This document contains a number of charts that explain the types of thermocouples, how they are divided by ANSI Calibration code and Non-ANSI Calibration Codes, the types of materials that may ...
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Getting Down to Earth
From: Omni Controls, Inc.Description: Nothing is quite so common or abundantly available throughout the world as the earth's soil. We are more apt to think of earth as something to be tilled for planting or to be excavated for a building ...
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Mass Flow Meters
Description: Using impact plate, measuring chute and Coriolis technologies, Schenck AccuRate manufactures a family of mass flow meters. Working with Schenck AccuRate application engineers, customers are given the ...
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TR2 Information
From: Ocean Optics, Inc.Description: The TR2 is a Temperature Regulator unit that stacks onto the S2000 Spectrometer. The TR2 displays two temperature values (in oC), the set temperature and actual temperature. The TR2 has two controls, ...
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All From One Mold - Optical, Ultra Sound, Inductive and Capacitive Sensors
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: A uniform casing design, the same calibration and start up, as well as standardized mounting - and alignment fixtures are the features of this series of sensors, which encompasses many different ...
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Application Tips Series 700
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: Compared to standard inductive proximity switches, Condet® devices feature numerous advantages, in particular: ? The devices are built into a one-piece, stainless-steel housing (sensing face ...
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Capacitives with Perspective
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: Unlike inductive proximity switches, which respond exclusively to metals, capacitive sensors react to a wide spectrum of other materials, such as for example: paper, glass, plastics, oil, water, as ...
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Condet Proximity Switches
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: The new technology varies considerably from that used previously. It permits innovative proximity switches that have previously been inconceivable. The devices of the previous generation contain a ...
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Delay Time Measurement with Ultrasonic Sensors
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: Many industrial ultrasonic sensors are based on the delay time measurement. As has been mentioned in the introduction, the "measurement representation" thereby is the propagation velocity of the sound ...
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Diffuse Sensors with Cylindrical Detection Zone
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: Diffuse sensors enjoy great popularity with users and are consequently often employed. With these devices, the pulsed light from the emitting diode falls on an object of any shape or color, from which ...
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Inductive Proximity Switches as Encoders
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: Today, encoders are mature products, and are available in a variety of designs. However, compared to inductive proximity switches, they are significantly more expensive. In addition, they have ...
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Inductive Proximity Switches with Large Operating Ranges: The Technology, Characteristics and Application Advantages
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: The inductive proximity switches' time came at the beginning of the 1960's. Due to their reliability, high quality to price ratio and ease of installation they have conquered a wide range of ...
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Magnetic Field Sensors as Speed Monitors
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: Magnetic field sensors are generally based on the magneto-resistive or Hall-principle. Compared to optical speed sensors, resolvers and precision potentiometers, magnetic field sensors do not contain ...
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Mechanical Damage to Inductive Proximity Switches: The Hammer Demonstration
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: Sensor systems used in production units are, by their very nature, exposed to all kinds of situations where they can easily be damaged. This can result in sensor failures, which in turn lead to ...
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Miniaturization - The Inductive Proximity Switch Trend
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: Why Miniaturize? The ideal detector should be as precise as you want and infinitely fast, but close to zero in price and size. We will show in the following text first of all what it is possible to ...
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My-Com and IRPM - The Nut Has Now Been Cracked
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: Contact-free or tactile? Who can make a selection is spilt for choice. However selection of a measuring sensor most suitable for the application will hardly give anyone a headache. In each individual ...
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New Inductive Proximity Switch with Analog Output
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: Why inductive? Inductive proximity switches are highly popular with end-users, since they are ? robust ? cost effective ? insensitive to dirt ? standardized and therefore simple to use. Why analog? ...
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Optimizing Load Lock Operation
From: Teledyne InstrumentsDescription: If we consider the primary purpose of a load lockto pass from an ambient condition to a vacuum process conditionit only makes sense that the better it can match those two environments, the better it ...
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Photoelectric Proximity Switches in Subminiature Technology
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: For some time now, there has been a marked trend towards smaller constructions of sensors. This is due to the increased demand for the automation of production processes, resulting in a higher degree ...
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Pressure-Resistant Switches for Highly Dynamic Requirements
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: Pressure-resistant inductive proximity switches are used for a multitude of applications, especially in the field of hydraulics, as well as for various pressures (up to 500 bar). Pressure-resistance ...
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Small Unit (Sensor) Tackles Large Jobs
From: Baumer Ltd.Description: To some extent today's technical systems and instruments are extremely complex configured puzzles of individual parts. Automobiles consist of dozens of subsystems with a multitude of activators, ...
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The Application of Inductive Proximity Switches with Analog Output
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: In general, the same application rules as for the well-known inductive switching devices apply. However, there are, in addition, a number of extra features, which are discussed in the application ...
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Tips for Mounting Inductive Proximity Switches
From: Contrinex Inc.Description: In his documentation, the manufacturer indicates whether a particular device is intended for embeddable or non-embeddable mounting. This information relates to the permissible location of the device's ...
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Eliminating Damage from Motor Shaft Currents Through Tachometers and Encoders
Description: Since the introduction of variable speed electronic controls for DC and AC motors, users have noted a troubling problem; voltage potential is sometimes induced on the shaft of the motor. ...
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Ammonia Pressure Measurement using Thermal Flash Protection (.pdf)
Description: Situation: Ammonia offers refrigeration pump and compressor manufacturers an improved efficiency over Freon based systems. However, the thermodynamic behavior of ammonia is very different from Freon. ...
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Chromatographic Separation
From: optek-Danulat, Inc.Description: optek UV sensors can be optimized for both high OD and low end resolution for monitoring real time protein concentration. optek AF45 or AF46 sensors have proven time and again to provide accurate ...
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Inline Chlorine Dioxide Monitoring - Pulp Bleaching
From: optek-Danulat, Inc.Description: Chlorine Dioxide (ClO2) has become the most significant bleaching agent in the pulp and paper industry for Elemental Chlorine-Free (ECF) bleaching. Different bleaching sequences must be used in the ...
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Interface Detection - Product - Water or Product - Product
From: optek-Danulat, Inc.Description: This is by far the most popular and cost-saving application in liquid production processes. The resulting decrease in product loss and wastewater loading can save thousands of dollars per year. ...
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Heat Exchanger Leak - Carryover Detection (Oil In Water)
From: optek-Danulat, Inc.Description: Heat exchanger leak detection is an important standard application for many processors. Companies in all industries increasingly demand the measurement of oil contents in the ppm-range. For this ...
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USB-LS-450 Temperature Recalibration
From: Ocean Optics, Inc.Description: Periodically, the temperature sensor in the USB-LS-450 may require calibration. The user can accomplish this by exposing the temperature probe to two known temperatures. To recalibrate the temperature ...
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Improving Weigh Feeder Control Using Scale Location Compensation
From: Thayer ScaleDescription: This paper describes how "Scale Location Compensation" can be used to improve weigh feeder performance in various applications. Scale Location Compensation ("SLC") was developed by Thayer Scale to ...
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Inducing Flow In Storage Bins Using Thayer Bridge Breaker
From: Thayer ScaleDescription: The problem of promoting flow from storage bins should not be taken lightly. While the use of flow aid devices is well established in all industries, their effectiveness in many situations has been ...
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The Evolution of Thermal Mass Flow Meters
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: Thermo-Systems, Inc. (TSI) began in its founder's basement in 1959, with a cooled-film anemometer designed for transient measurements in high temperature fluid flows. This led to TSI's hot-film and ...
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Vortex Meters Tap the Motherlode
From: Sierra Instruments, Inc.Description: The adage, "You can't control what you can't measure," is nowhere so true as in the process contra] industries. Going one step further, it is also necessary to ensure accuracy and repeatability in ...
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Crystal Terms Glossary
Description: APP. NOTE 3 S TSU FREQUENCY CONTROL, INC. CRYSTAL GLOSSARY Aging The relative frequency change over a certain period of time and is typically expressed as a maximum value in parts per million per year ...
- Frequency Control Devices
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Oscillator Terms Glossary
Description: APP. NOTE 2 S TSU FREQUENCY CONTROL, INC. OSCILLATOR GLOSSARY Aging The slow change of a frequency with time, if all other influences are held constant. The primary causes are mass transfer and stress ...
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Frequency Forms Measurement
From: Mahr Federal Inc.Description: Understanding the role frequency plays in the measurement process and why it needs to be specified on part prints is critical to making reliable quality checks on manufactured parts. ...
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High Throughput Leak Detection
From: Teledyne InstrumentsDescription: Various methods have historically been used to check leaks in systems and components from bubble tests to rotameters and pressure loss detection. While these traditional methods have their place, they ...
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Thermal Spray Gas Flow Contol
From: Teledyne InstrumentsDescription: High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) thermal spray technology has evolved and advanced recently through the use of more sophisticated controls and design. ...
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Case Study: New Sensor Makes Life Simpler for Bakery Machinery Makers - and Users
Description: An additional option to the Series 2000 gauge roll offered by Sasib Food Beverage is a motorised roller gap adjustment which greatly reduces the amount of fiddly adjustment needed to ensure a ...
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Case Study: Sensor Operating in Adverse Conditions for Paper Machines
Description: Modern high speed paper making machines are fantastic, producing 1500m of paper 9m wide per minute. It's a lot of paper moving very fast. And the quality of the paper produced is superb with different ...
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Case Study: Sensor Operating in Crosrol Textile Carding Machine
Description: To control the tension on a delicate bundle of cotton fibres as passing through processes at high speed requires a sensor that can measure very small angles with high resolution over a long time. The ...
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Case Study: Sensor Operating In Forestry Logging Machine
Description: Modern forestry logging machines are complex and sophisticated pieces of equipment able to fell and manoeuvre trees andtrunks efficiently. To help control the hydraulic controls on the machines, ...
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Case Study: Sensors for Conditioning Monitoring High Voltage Switching
Description: Conditioning monitoring on high voltage switchgear for the supply of mains electricity is an important function for preventative maintenance to ensure continuity of supply to consumers. The high ...
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How to Choose a Helium Leak Detector
From: AdixenDescription: Regardless of the application, there are fundamentals that must be considered before a choice of an appropriate helium leak detector can be made. There are bewildering varieties of leak detectors to ...
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Magnetostriction: Basic Physical Elements
From: MTS SensorsDescription: Magnetostriction is a phenomenon only found in ferromagnetic materials such as iron, nickel, cobalt and their alloys. The magnetostrictive principle is based on certain agnetomechanical properties of ...
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Measuring SF6 to comply with ASHRAE 110 Testing
From: Wilks Enterprise, Inc.Description: A safe laboratory environment requires an effective method for clearing toxic material from fume hoods. Since all handling of toxic materials is completed in these hoods, it is critical to have a ...
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Automated (Robotic) Manual Transmissions
From: MTS SensorsDescription: Driven by the need to provide the functions of an automatic transmission, along with weight reduction and higher efficiency, many manufacturers are considering conversion of traditional manual ...
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Automotive Suspensions
From: MTS SensorsDescription: Active damper and height control can sometimes be combined into a single strut design. By combining an actuator along the same axis as the damper, a complete assembly can be provided to the suspension ...
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Biotechnology Process Vessell (Level)
From: MTS SensorsDescription: A west coast biotechnology manufacturer was developing a proprietary process involving blood plasma. The process produced a highly confidential and expensive liquid valued at approximately $100,000 ...
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Blow Molding
From: MTS SensorsDescription: MTS Temposonics displacement sensors are the favored method of position sensing in this application because of the need for high performance and continuous operation under demanding environmental ...
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Cantilever Cutting Head
From: MTS SensorsDescription: Wood-Mizer®, the number one seller of sawmills worldwide, created portable sawmills in 1982. At that time, Wood-Mizer was the only company to use a cantilever-cutting head for its sawmills. This ...
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Commercial Appliance Damping
From: MTS SensorsDescription: Front load washing machines can add useful feedback for load measurement and active damper control, such as with magneto-rheological dampers. By measuring damper compression, loading can be determined ...
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Commercial Off-Road Vehicles
From: MTS SensorsDescription: More and more, manufacturers are relying on linear position sensing to support the trend towards the automation of off-road vehicles and their implements. In these demanding applications, MTS ...
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Commercial On-Road Vehicles
From: MTS SensorsDescription: More and more, manufacturers are relying on linear position sensing to support the trend to automate on-road vehicles and related mechanisms. Position feedback is utilized not only to improve system ...
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Construction Equipment
From: MTS SensorsDescription: With the increasing need for improved safety systems, on-board diagnostic systems, control-by-wire and GPS-based excavation and grading control, more precise, predictable, reliable control of actuator ...
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Die Casting
From: MTS SensorsDescription: Because of the extremely high shock loads experienced in this application, long term durability is an issue for any feedback sensor. Admittedly one of our harshest applications, MTS Temposonics ...
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Flow Solder Machines
From: MTS SensorsDescription: MTS Temposonics position feedback sensors are seeing more and more use in electronics production applications like wafer handling, chip inspection and automated board assembly. One example of this is ...
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Food Processing
From: MTS SensorsDescription: The quantity and quality of the foods processed in a rolling mill depend on how precise the spacing between rollers is controlled. In this application, differences of even thousands of inches can ...
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Glass Presses
From: MTS SensorsDescription: MTS Temposonics displacement sensors are the favored method of position sensing in this application because of the need for high performance and continuous operation under demanding environmental ...
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Hydraulic Cylinders
From: MTS SensorsDescription: High performance and durability have made Temposonics the in-cylinder position sensor standard in the fluid power industry since their introduction in 1975. Our innovative modular design allows ...
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Injection Molding Machine Builders
From: MTS SensorsDescription: Our sensing technology is routinely used on 4 axes of plastic injection molding machines: injector screw positioning, carriage positioning, ejector positioning, and mold closure. Superior ruggedness, ...
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Liquified Propane Gas
From: MTS SensorsDescription: A regional gas utility had to dramatically cut costs through the use of automation at their gas distribution terminal. All pertinent information was data linked via a DCS system to an operations ...
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Medical Dental Chairs
From: MTS SensorsDescription: Most dentists prefer to work on a given patient at an individually chosen position of the chair's height and angle. Remembering positions for each and every patient, as well as those positions unique ...
