Reference Articles 701 - 800 of 894
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On-line Analysis of Organics In Water (.pdf)
From: TOC Systems, Inc.Description: On line chemical analysis has been developed significantly thanks to digital electronics' use of microprocessors together with the application of sophisticated and accurate analytical techniques. The ...
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Open Cut Mine Monitors Water Quality
From: CAS DataLoggersDescription: An open cut coal mine having a high salinity of water runoff required monitoring the quality of water in several retaining dams. The water can only be released into the local river system when it is ...
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Taking Shelf Management to New Levels
From: ELMA Electronic Inc.Description: Shelf management is an increasingly important part of embedded computing systems used in Communications applications. Today's standard system monitors perform basic monitoring of voltages, fans, and ...
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Ultra-Pure Water TOC Monitoring for Cogen Applications (.pdf)
From: TOC Systems, Inc.Description: THE PROBLEM: For maximum protection of turbines and other costly hardware in a power plant, conductivity detection cannot be reliably used. LIMITATIONS OF CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION: For reasons described ...
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Zeta Potential Measurement (Aqueous and Non-Aqueous, Iso-Electric Point Determinations)
Description: Zeta potential is an important parameter in understanding electrostatic colloidal dispersion stability. Zeta potential is the charge a particle acquires in a particular medium. It is dependent upon ...
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Determining the Uncertainty of Measurement Results with Multiple Measurement Quantities
From: imc DataWorks, LLCDescription: To determine the uncertainty in the results of a singlechannel measurement, one must consider the contributions from both the sensor's uncertainty and the uncertainty of the measure-ment channel. ...
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Dynamic Defect Detection
From: Signalysis, Inc.Description: Wide-ranging measurement methods are applied on the assembly lines of production plants across the country. The ever rising bar of quality demands rejection of defective products at an assurance level ...
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Selecting a Sample Rate for Measurement Systems
From: imc DataWorks, LLCDescription: The choice of a channel's sampling rate (number of measurements per second, or simply the sampling frequency) may determine whether or not a measurement returns useful results. If data are sampled at ...
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Synchronized versus Sequential Sampling Methods (Multiplexing) for Measurement Systems
From: imc DataWorks, LLCDescription: How does one select the right measurement system structure for a given measurement task? Should channels be sampled simultaneously, in synchronization, or is it sufficient for the channels to be ...
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What is a Fungus Test?
Description: A fungus test determines if a material (or materials) will support the growth of specific fungi. The test is run under conditions that are extremely favorable to most fungi, warm and moist. It will ...
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What is a Humidity Test?
Description: A humidity test simulates the moisture-laden air found in tropical regions. There are typically two types of humidity tests, condensing and non-condensing. Condensing humidity tests consist of ...
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What is a Salt Fog Test?
Description: A salt fog test subjects test specimens to an atomized fog of water having a high salt content (typically 5%). The purpose is to simulate a corrosive atmosphere. ...
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What is a Thermal or Temperature Test?
Description: A test in which the air surrounding a test specimen is raised or lowered to pre-determined levels. The purpose is to observe the effect of the temperature extremes on the equipment, which may be ...
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What is an Environmental Test?
Description: When performing an environmental test on a sample of equipment, it's for simulating one or more environments that may be harmful to that equipment. ...
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What is Environmental Stress Screening (ESS)?
Description: Although ESS may use chambers and shakers resembling those used for an environmental test, the purpose is different. In ESS it stimulates just-produced or just-overhauled equipment (usually an ...
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What's the Difference Between Dynamic Tests and Climatic Tests?
Description: Dynamic tests simulate mechanical force inputs to a structure. That force could be induced by usage, such as inertial effects on aircraft electronics during flight. Or the force could be induced ...
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Technical Series on Data Acquisition - Calibration
From: KineticSystems/GaGeDescription: The most important function of a data acquisition system is to ensure integrity of the measurements produced. The data collected must be an accurate representation, to the highest practical degree, of ...
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Principles of MicroTorque™Testing
From: Dynaroll CorporationDescription: MicroTorque testing is a deceptively simple method to accurately determine the of a rotating part. A source of accurate, slow, vibration-free rotation is applied to one component of a rotating part ...
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Rapid Deployment OEM Sensor for High Precision Measurement Applications
From: MTI Instruments Inc.Description: Capacitance based measurement probes have long been employed for high precision non-contact measurement. The ability to customize the probe/amplifier configuration makes them a popular choice for ...
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Appliance Testing
From: Seaward Group USADescription: Production line safety testing is an essential part of the electrical products manufacturing process. Verification of functionality and the safe operation of electrical products is absolutely vital, ...
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CV Calculator - Flow Coefficients
Description: Use this calculator to determine Cv, pressure drop, maximum flow or velocity for a liquid or gas. ...
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Mercury Determination in Fish by CVAF Spectroscopy 9
From: Teledyne InstrumentsDescription: Mercury is a toxic element with harmful effects that are well documented and understood. The consumption of fish is the primary source of mercury absorption for the general public. Because fish can ...
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U.S. EPA SW-846 Method 6010C (Analysis of Soil) using the Prodigy ICP
From: Teledyne InstrumentsDescription: This Application Note describes the capability of the Teledyne Leeman Labs Prodigy High Dispersion ICP for performing analysis according to SW-846 Method 6010c. This method is applicable to ground ...
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Advanced Flow Meter Technology To The Rescue For Aging Power Plant
From: McCrometerDescription: Kvaerner Power Oy, located in Finland, began a new project in 2002 to design and build a new Flue Gas Treatment Operation within the new power plant for client, Kotkan Energia Oy, located in Kotka, ...
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Piping Change Nearly Leaves Engineer Up The River Without A Paddle
From: McCrometerDescription: A short straight pipe run between a river water pumping station and a valve at the Eastman Chemical Company's plant in Kingsport, TN, caused critical water flow measurement accuracy problems for the ...
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V-Cone Flow Meter Solves Nuclear Underwater Measurement Problem
From: McCrometerDescription: A research facility located in the Netherlands, NRG Laboratory, produces nuclear medical isotopes. They conduct tests on materials for nuclear power plants. NRG's capabilities and functions include ...
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Advanced Compliance Solutions Celebrates Earth Day With ENERGY STAR Win
Description: Advanced Compliance Solutions Inc.'s state-of-the-art testing laboratory has won Environmental Protection Agency certification and is now helping computer makers and other electronics manufacturers ...
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Measuring Ground Resistance Fall of Potential Method
From: Omni Controls, Inc.Description: The basic procedure for testing ground electrodes is described by The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers in IEEE Standard #81, IEEE Recommended Guide for Measuring Ground Resistance and ...
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Megger- A Guide to Low Resistance Testing
From: Omni Controls, Inc.Description: The quantitative study of electrical circuits originated in 1827, when Georg Simon Ohm published his famous book "Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet" in which he gave his complete theory ...
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Megger-A Stich in Time
From: Omni Controls, Inc.Description: Every electric wire in your plant - whether it's in a motor, generator, cable, switch, transformer, etc. - is carefully covered with some form of electrical insulation. The wire itself is usually ...
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Megger-Fault_Finding_Solutions
From: Omni Controls, Inc.Description: When voltage is impressed across any insulation system, some current leaks into, through, and around the insulation. When testing with dc highvoltage, capacitive charging current, insulation ...
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Megger-5kVTesting-How_Much_is_Enough
From: Omni Controls, Inc.Description: The plethora of insulation test methods and procedures that appear in the literature and product descriptions can seem bewildering to someone trying to establish a testing regime or meet an ...
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Challenges in Infrared Imaging: Low Emissivities of Hot Gases, Metals, and Metallic Cavities
From: FLIRDescription: In infrared thermal imaging, the temperatures are computed from the measured IR radiation according to Planck's law, modified by corrections due to the camera (detector response, transmission of ...
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Characterization of Automotion Brake Thermal Conditions by the Use of Infrared Thermography
From: FLIRDescription: This paper shows the main results of the application of infrared thermography to assist in research and quality control at automotive company laboratories. The effect of little differences in the ...
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Electronic Motor Diagnostics
From: FLIRDescription: This paper will review electric motor diagnostic applications, including motor circuit analysis and motor current signature analysis. In particular, the paper will focus on how the data is used, what ...
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Engine Header Coating Comparison
From: FLIRDescription: Coatings on high-temperature exhaust manifolds and headers have been shown to increase engine performance in some racing applications. Are all coatings equal? What is the effect of having this ...
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Infrared Applications for Post Construction Radiant Heating Systems
From: FLIRDescription: This paper will review and discuss the benefits of infrared thermography as its technology applies to the investigations and inspections of various in-floor (interior) and concrete slab (interior and ...
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Infrared Cameras Enhance Productivity and Safety at GM
From: FLIRDescription: In this paper we show some of the varied applications of infrared technology as used at the General Motors Powertrain Engine Facility in Romulus, Michigan. Emphasis will be on predictive maintenance ...
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Infrared Thermography at the Savannah River Site
From: FLIRDescription: The Savannah River Site (SRS) is a Department of Energy (DOE), government-owned, company-operated (GOCO) industrial complex built in the 1950s to produce materials used in nuclear weapons. Five ...
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IR for Detection of Exterior Wall Moisture and Delamination: A Case Study and Comparison to FEA Predictions
From: FLIRDescription: Surface thermal anomalies will be caused by structural and moisture conditions. In warm season conditions, the exterior wall can be expected to be warmer than the interior. The following discussion is ...
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Lagged Pipe Survey
From: FLIRDescription: We all know there can be potential problems with insulation covering pipes. The insulation can become water logged or contaminated with other substances, which lessens its ability to insulate. The ...
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Local Temperature Rises Caused by the Use of Commercial Mobile Phones
From: FLIRDescription: Hand-held mobile phones emit electromagnetic radiation and can therefore cause local heating of biological tissues, e.g., in the regions of the human head normally covered by these phones. The goal of ...
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Monitoring the Process Conditions in Oil Field Production Vessels with Infrared Technology
From: FLIRDescription: Detecting levels, solids, and interfaces in tanks and vessels is usually just a trial-and-error technique. The biggest problem is to get the best thermal differential between the tank or vessel wall ...
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Oil Analysis-Proper Testing for Maximum Value and Equipment Condition Information
From: FLIRDescription: In order to quickly and accurately determine the "cause and effect" of oil and wear related problems, proper tests and procedures based on the equipment sampled and its application must be performed. ...
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Positive IR Results In the Refining Industry
From: FLIRDescription: The key to positive IR results, whether in the refining industry or in any other predictive maintenance endeavor, is to keep the camera running and to build interest in the benefits of thermography ...
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Producing Infrared Images from Financial Figures
From: FLIRDescription: You know you need an infrared program, but Finance and Accounting departments just don't understand maintenance. Tell them "If I buy this equipment it will save us tons of money" and they will most ...
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Recent Advances in Pulsed Thermography
From: FLIRDescription: Thermography has been used primarily as a qualitative adjunct to traditional NDT techniques. However, recent advances in analytical methods and dedicated hardware have enabled portable thermographic ...
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The Use of Infrared Thermal Imaging in Indoor Environmental Investigations
From: FLIRDescription: Infrared thermal imaging has been increasingly used to identify wet building materials that can be sources of mold growth and degraded indoor environmental quality. However, IR is also an important ...
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The Use of Thermal Imagery in Locating Stress Fractures in Yachts
From: FLIRDescription: Thermal imaging has a long history of aiding in the discovery of anomalies and 'hot spots' in the electrical industry or augmenting ultrasound testing in the refinery industry. Infrared inspections ...
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Thermographic Monitoring of Refractory Lined Petroleum Refinery Equipment
From: FLIRDescription: Infrared thermography is used throughout the petroleum refining industry and has a proven track record of cost saving in many areas of the business. This paper describes the examination and monitoring ...
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Thermography of Microsystems
From: FLIRDescription: The development and optimization of microsystems, such as microreactors, micro heat exchange systems, microactuators, microsensors, and others, often require the knowledge of the temperature ...
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Three Ways the Pest Professional Can Use Infrared Thermography
From: FLIRDescription: Termites do more damage in the United States each year than fires and storms combined. They are a threat to property owners across 70 percent of the world and in every part of the United States with ...
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Use of Thermography to Calibrate Fusion Welding Procedures in Virtual Fabrication Applications
From: FLIRDescription: The application of infrared thermography to the measurement of transient temperature fields generated by fusion welding of ship structures is described. The purpose is to capture real data from ...
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Using Infrared and Ultrasonic Technology in a Predictive Maintenance Program
From: FLIRDescription: Due to the popularity of predictive and preventive maintenance, many larger customers are relying on outside technical specialists to help their businesses operate more efficiently. Using infrared ...
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Using Infrared Thermography to Determine the Effectiveness of Radiant Barriers
From: FLIRDescription: Radiant barrier material is a popular means of adding to the energy efficiency of a structure. Radiant barrier insulation is very often given R-value rating by the manufacturer. This paper will ...
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Using IR Surveys in DUNAFERR Steelworks Complex Diagnostic System
From: FLIRDescription: This paper describes the infrared predictive maintenance program at DUNAFERR Steelworks (Hungary). The company produces approximately 1,500,000 metric tons of hot-rolled products per year with ...
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Using IR Surveys to Locate Corrosion under Wet Insulation
From: FLIRDescription: Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a major problem for petroleum and chemical process industries. Historically, there have been limited options for evaluating the presence and extent of CUI. Locating ...
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Using Sound Imaging to Enhance Your Diagnosis
From: FLIRDescription: Thermographers have often used using imaging techniques. Ultrasonic inspectors can employ this concept as well, but with different tools. This paper will discuss ultrasonic imaging processes used to ...
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Electrical Safety Testing Primer
Description: Product Safety Tests are specified to be performed during the design, development and production stages of electrical products in order to ensure that they meet basic safety requirements. These tests ...
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Using the SC6540 Modular Scanning Matrix A Reference Guide
Description: Using an Associated Research, Inc. SC6540 Modular Scanning Matrix can help to simplify your safety testing routine and allow you to test more efficiently. The SC6540's modular design makes it a ...
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Fluke: 6 Simple Ways to Reduce Costs with a Fluke 434 Power Quality Analyzer
From: NewarkDescription: There are hundreds of power quality measurements you can take on electrical systems and equipment. These instructions focus on four predictive maintenance (PdM) measurements and two power consumption ...
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Fluke: Loose or Corroded Electrical Connections
From: NewarkDescription: Thermal images of electrical systems canindicate the operating condition of the equipment in those systems. In fact, since the beginning of thermography more than four decades or more ago, the ...
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Diagnostic Infrared Thermography Applications in Commercial Environmental Energy and Maintenance Surveys
From: FLIRDescription: The cost of doing business today has risen to the point that commercial accounts, large and small, have started looking to energy conservation as a means of cost savings. Requests for environmental ...
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In-field Evaluation of Pesticide Sprayer Distribution Using Infrared Thermography
From: FLIRDescription: A reliable, highly informative, non contact method is still in being sought to observe the quality distribution of orchard sprayers for in-field applications. Quality distribution of pesticide spray ...
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Infrared Inspections on Electric Panels without Removing Covers: Can the Inspection be Completed Correctly?
From: FLIRDescription: There has existed in the past a misunderstanding that infrared (IR) thermography could be performed without the benefit of removing panel and/or dead front covers on electrical apparatus. This would ...
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Infrared On-orbit RCC Inspection with the EVA IR Camera: Development of Flight Hardware from a COTS System
From: FLIRDescription: In November 2004, NASA's Space Shuttle Program approved the development of the Extravehicular (EVA) Infrared (IR) Camera to test the application of infrared thermography to on-orbit reinforced ...
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Infrared Reliability Applications
From: FLIRDescription: When we think of any commercial industry today we automatically think of the down sizing that has occurred, and is still in process. In order to stay competitive, companies need to run their business ...
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Infrared Thermography - the Binding Link to IPD
From: FLIRDescription: The utilization of infrared thermography is the ultimate solution. The addition of this tool to a diagnostic equipment inventory provides valuable assistance during Inspections and Preliminary ...
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Thermal Imaging to Study the Heating Pattern of Wheat in an Industrial Microwave Drier
From: FLIRDescription: Several researchers have been using microwaves to dry grain and other agricultural materials. But nonuniformity of heating pattern was observed in different food materials during microwave cooking. ...
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Tips, Tools, and Trends in the Infrared Industry
From: FLIRDescription: The hardest part of starting an internal infrared program is justifying the cost of the camera, software and training to do the infrared inspections. The manager's standard question is, "What is the ...
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Using IR Thermography for Leak Detection of Underground Hot Water Pipes
From: FLIRDescription: The Matsqui Institution is a medium-security correctional facility in the Pacific Region. The institution is located approximately 70 km out of Vancouver and has a rated capacity of 335 inmates. Part ...
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Using Thermography Technology to Direct Coal Silo Fire Fighting Efforts, Case Study
From: FLIRDescription: During scheduled maintenance outages the coal fired units are off line for a prolonged period of time, sometimes up to several weeks. Most of the time the coal storage silos are emptied of coal as the ...
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Applications for Infrared Thermography at Computer Centers
From: FLIRDescription: Downtime at Computer Centers is not an option! The equipment is expensive and even more important, the downtime created by a failure can be extremely costly - much more than the average office ...
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Applications of Thermography in Pavement Engineering
From: FLIRDescription: Thermography has been used in pavement engineering for quality control of asphalt paving operations, during initial application for the most part. This paper however, focuses on evaluation of existing ...
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Detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) with a Spectrally Filtered Cooled Mid-Wave Infrared Camera
From: FLIRDescription: The world's petrochemical industry is constantly seeking methods for the detection of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) such as benzene, propane and methane. Leaks of such materials all too often ...
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Documentation of Cost Avoidance, a Case Study of What Has Worked For Me
From: FLIRDescription: I have implemented an infrared predictive maintenance (PdM) program at my employer, RR Donnelley. As part of the implementation, I have to cost-justify the program and its findings, so I developed two ...
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Infrared Thermography for Screening and Early Detection of Mastitis Infections in Working Dairy Herds
From: FLIRDescription: Bovine mastitis infections cost the U.S. dairy industry at least $2 billion annually. This common affliction is difficult to treat and its impacts include reduced milk quality resulting in lower milk ...
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Managing PdM with Web-based Software - The Chip Program
From: FLIRDescription: With the advent of thermography, the days when companies had to rely on a vibration-based maintenance program alone to protect equipment are gone. Today's modern PdM program employs an integrated ...
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Performing Mechanical Triage with Ultrasound Technology
From: FLIRDescription: Condition assessment technologies such as ultrasound, infrared, vibration and oil analysis help keep us aware of equipment performance and health. An effective, proactive condition monitoring plan ...
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Selected Critical Applications for Thermography: Convections in Fluids, Selective Emitters and Highly Reflecting Materials
From: FLIRDescription: Most conventional applications of thermography usually assume that the objects under study fulfill the following requirements; first, they have solid surfaces such that thermal convections are not ...
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Severity Criteria - How Hot is too Hot?
From: FLIRDescription: Since it was first conceived in the early 1960's, infrared thermography has evolved into a widely used, virtually indispensable tool for condition based maintenance, particularly for electrical ...
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Thermal Patterns Due to Moisture Accumulation within Exterior Walls
From: FLIRDescription: In cold climates, air leakage is accompanied by moisture transport. When migrating through dew point temperatures, a considerable amount of moisture accumulation may occur depending on variables such ...
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Thermal Response Characteristics of Marine Grade Radome Composites Designed for use on Spruance Class Naval Destroyers
From: FLIRDescription: Survivability of marine grade composite structures exposed to fire is of greatest concern due to a number of issues including: flammability, fire growth, fire resistance, fire protection, and ...
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Using IR on Insulated Pipe System
From: FLIRDescription: Insulated pipe condition is very important to the Oil & Petrochemical Industry. This paper will discuss some of the difficulties and possibilities in using IR to assist in determining the condition of ...
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Using IR Thermography in Power Quality Assessment at the New Jersey International & Bulk Mail Center
From: FLIRDescription: The Jersey City International & Bulk Mail Center, based in Jersey City, is the largest of 21 bulk mail centers, occupying 1.8 million sq. ft. of building space on 146 acres. A 2001-2002 brief survey ...
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Using Thermography to Find a Class of Latent Construction Defects
From: FLIRDescription: Certain classes of building defects continue to plague the construction industry despite a variety of defensive techniques put in place to prevent them. The defects occur when a nail, screw or staple ...
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A Primer on Rolling Element Bearing Fault Detection
Description: A primer on aspects of rolling element bearing condition monitoring and failure detection. Definitions of basic terms and samples of probability estimates. ...
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Residual Stress Management: Measurement, Fatigue Analysis and Beneficial Redistribution
Description: In many cases the residual stresses are one of the main factors, determining the engineering properties of parts and structural components. This factor plays a significant role in fatigue of welded ...
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Ultrasonic Measurement of Residual Stresses in Welded Railway Bridge
Description: The residual stresses have a significant effect on the process of the initiation and propagation of the fatigue cracks in welded elements. In this paper the results of the residual stress measurement ...
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Ultrasonic Technique and Device for Residual Stress Measurement
Description: One of the advantages of ultrasonic techniques for residual stress measurement is that they are non-destructive. Using such techniques, one can measure the residual stresses in the same points many ...
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Using Metrics in Bearing Condition Monitoring
Description: "There is a 40 % chance of showers today." Trying to accurately predict the time of a bearing failure is like trying to predict the weather. Like the weather, classic rolling element bearing failures ...
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Electronic Load Best Practices Produce Quality Results
From: PPM, Inc.Description: Typical tests performed with an electronic load involve relatively high currents and often require that the load current is turned on and/or off rapidly. Either or both of these conditions place ...
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Can Ergonomic Stress Be Measured Using Thermography?
From: FLIRDescription: Excess ergonomic, or physical and physiological stress, plays an important part of our lives. Stresses of vibration, work place discomfort and strenuous labor can affect our long term health and our ...
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Detecting Circulating Currents and Hot Spots in Normally Non-current Carrying Conductors and Structural Members
From: FLIRDescription: Often normally non-current carrying conductors, conduits, or even structural members contain circulating currents that are induced by currents flowing in adjacent conductors such as cable or bus. ...
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Development of an On-site Evaluation Method for Building Thermal Performance Using an Infrared Camera
From: FLIRDescription: The purpose of this study is to construct the Korean Industrial Standard (KS), which is an evaluation method for building insulation performance using an Infrared camera. The goal of this study was 1) ...
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Diagnostic Examinations in Agricultural Fruit and Vegetable Dryers
From: FLIRDescription: For this exercise, we applied the methods of vibration diagnosis and infrared thermography to multi-belt dryer technologies that are capable of drying horticultural products. Under service operation ...
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Emission Values of Transmission Line Terminals Having More Than 10 Years in Operation - Chesf
From: FLIRDescription: The loading of a transmission line involves many variables, from which the following deserve to be highlighted: Climatic conditions - wind, environment temperature, humidity, pollution; Conductor line ...
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Emissivity Measurements of Common Construction Materials
From: FLIRDescription: This paper will review and discuss the determination of the emissivity of common construction materials to aid the investigator during infrared inspections/surveys of building envelope systems. ...
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Geothermal Phenomena Detection Using Satellite LANDSAT (ETM+) Imageries
From: FLIRDescription: Evaluation of multispectral satellite LANDSAT 7 (ETM+) data for detection of geothermal phenomena connected with distinguished geological structures like salt domes, is the main subject of the study. ...
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Infrared Housing Stock Surveys
From: FLIRDescription: Focus on energy efficiency has increased dramatically in recent years, encouraged by regulations such as Part L of the UK Building Regulations and the EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive. A ...
