Reference Articles 901 - 1000 of 1222
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Frequently Asked Questions Regarding Foaming
Description: SAFOAM®/SAFTEC® family of endothermic chemical foaming agents are designed to produce superior parts. They are easy to use and provide the plastic processor with new opportunities and ...
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Paste or Preforms, the Brazer's Question (.pdf)
From: Bellman-Melcor LLCDescription: There is a spirited debate among manufacturers involved in copper brazing in controlled atmosphere furnaces. Which form of filler metal is better to use; paste or preforms? Furnace brazing differs ...
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Application Notes: Anabolic Steroids
From: Analtech, Inc.Description: Recently, the anabolic steroids have come into public prominence. These steroids are used both in meat production and sport. In human sport, they are sometimes used in large quantities for increasing ...
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Graphite, A Multifunctional Additive for Paint and Coatings (.pdf)
From: Asbury Graphite MillsDescription: "Graphite, A Multifunctional Additive for Paint and Coatings" provides an overview of graphite's utility as a solid phase coating additive. The article is composed of sections that each present a ...
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Decorating Large Format Glass (.pdf)
Description: For many sound reasons, architects today are rapidly changing the way buildings look by incorporating glass as a distinctive or important feature of their design. This modernistic approach is an ideal ...
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Heat Aging of 3393 Expandable Graphite
From: Asbury Graphite MillsDescription: This technical article describes the effect of heat aging on the overall expansion ratio of expandable, which directly influences the fire retardation capacity of the intumescent material. ...
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High pH Chemical Aging of Asbury 3393 Expandable Flake Graphite
From: Asbury Graphite MillsDescription: The purpose of this article is to describe the effects of boiling alkali solution (sodium hydroxide) on the expansion characteristics of 3393 expandable flake graphite. Any change in the expansion ...
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Last Resort Gaskets
Description: Despite advances in CAD and FEA software, it is still difficult getting molded housings and hardware to fit as planned, especially in handheld electronic devices. It's also not uncommon for ...
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Making Colourful Coated Glass (.pdf)
Description: Many of today's architects love designing prestigious buildings with glass exteriors: opulent skyscrapers and buildings for corporate headquarters, theatres, libraries, offices, hotels, showrooms and ...
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Novel Designs for Laminated Glass Production (.pdf)
Description: The demand for laminated glass is a continually growing market. Uses for laminated glass include standard safety, hurricane resistant, automotive, structural and ballistic glass. Laminates may be flat ...
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Treatment of Aluminum for Improved Foundry Products
From: Asbury Graphite MillsDescription: This article presents the various problems and concerns of the aluminum foundry industry and discusses methods of using fluxes to improve process efficiency and overall product quality. ...
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Osmotic Action and its Consequences (.pdf)
Description: A recent investigation into the causes and effects of moisture contained in the concrete substrate has revealed some interesting explanations. This investigation was conducted by the very prestigious ...
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Active Solder Joining (.pdf)
From: S-Bond Technologies LLCDescription: Active solders with special element additions, (Ti, Ce, Ga, etc) to join ceramics and metals without metallizations and flux are a new development that permit the joining of ceramics, glass and ...
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Joining with Active Solders (.pdf)
From: S-Bond Technologies LLCDescription: This technical bulletin describes the process of mechanical activation used in active solder joining. This mechanical activation process in an important process step for active solder joining without ...
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Intricacies for the Successful Induction Heating of Steels in Modern Forge Shops (.pdf)
Description: Authors: Valery Rudnev, Doug Brown, Chester J. Van Tyne, Kester D. Clarke Publication: Proceedings of 19th International Forging Congress, Chicago, IL Date: 9/7/2008 Over the past three decades, ...
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Metallurgical Insights for Induction Heat Treaters. Part 6: Stripping Phenomenon (.pdf)
Description: This article is one of series of articles devoted to metallurgical aspects of induction hardening and discusses a stripping phenomenon. Heat-treat practitioners sometimes observe unusual effects in ...
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Role of Manganese in the Corrosion of Welded 316L (.pdf)
From: Swagelok CompanyDescription: In high purity gas distribution systems, there has recently been a trend to reduce the manganese content of AISI 316L. One of the objectives of this reduction is to improve the corrosion resistance of ...
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Role of Surface Composition on the Corrosion Resistance of Electropolished 316L Stainless Steel (.pdf)
From: Swagelok CompanyDescription: In the semiconductor fabrication industry, surface analytic tools are often employed to quantify the oxide layer of AISI 316L components used for high purity gas distribution. Specifically, Auger ...
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Stainless Steel for Semiconductor Applications (.pdf)
From: Swagelok CompanyDescription: AISI 316L is the standard alloy used in several product forms for components in gas delivery systems for semiconductor manufacturing. At present, customer and market requirements are driving ...
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Poisson´s Ratios of Bayer MaterialScience Thermoplastics (.pdf)
Description: This Technical Information contains a survey of general information on the topic of "Poisson´s ratio", together with corresponding reference values for a number of selected Bayer MaterialScience ...
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Shear Strengths of Representative Bayer MaterialScience Thermoplastics (.pdf)
Description: This Technical Information sets out the shear strengths of the most important thermoplastics produced by Bayer MaterialScience. It is necessary to know the shear strengths of a material when designing ...
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An Investigation of Ceria-Based Slurries Exhibiting Reverse-Prestonian Behavior (.pdf)
Description: New slurry formulations have been developed for polishing oxide in both shallow trench isolation (STI) and inner layer dielectric (ILD) CMP processes. These formulations use cerium oxide as the ...
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Ceria Based Slurries for STI and 'Self-Stopping' ILD Polishing: Novel Formulations and Mechanistic Understanding (.pdf)
Description: In the manufacture of an integrated circuit it is critical to effectively isolate the active areas that form the transistor gates at the device level. The Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) process was ...
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Development and Mechanisms of Action of a Ceria-Based Slurry for Shallow Trench Isolation CMP (.pdf)
Description: As the IC industry progresses through each successive technology node on the ITRS roadmap, to continually produce more demanding devices, new consumable materials are required to realize the high ...
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Evolution and Revolution of Cerium Oxide Slurries in CMP (.pdf)
Description: As the IC industry progresses through each successive technology node on the ITRS roadmap, to continually produce more demanding devices, new consumable materials are required to realize the high ...
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Low Defect Ceria-Based Slurries: Novel Selectivity, Slurry Characterization, and Polishing Mechanisms (.pdf)
Description: Using a low defect ceria dispersion as a base material, formulations having drastically different polishing performance have been developed. It is well known that ceria can exhibit high oxide: nitride ...
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Recent Advances in Ceria-Based Slurries for STI and ILD CMP Applications (.pdf)
Description: New slurry formulations are described for both Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) and Inner Layer Dielectric (ILD) CMP applications. These formulations use cerium oxide as the abrasive, since the industry ...
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Recent Advances in the Development of Ceria-Based Slurries for Inner Layer Dielectric CMP (.pdf)
Description: Standard Inner Layer Dielectric (ILD) polishing utilizes an endpoint detection or a fixed time process to determine when to stop polishing. This can create non-uniformities across the oxide surface ...
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Shaping the Future (.pdf)
Description: The shallow trench isolation (STI) process is a key step in the production of leading-edge integrated circuit devices. In this process, silicon dioxide-filled trenches serve to electrically isolate ...
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The Real Impact of Selectivity on CMP Performance (.pdf)
Description: Slurry selectivity has become increasingly more important in the minds of CMP engineers over the last ten to fifteen years. In many ways, the improved natural selectivity properties of ceria drove the ...
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Nylacast Quality and Compliance
From: Nylacast LLCDescription: Quality is a high degree of excellence that we at Nylacast take very seriously. It is our level of commitment to deliver a high quality product ensured by a tight process control that we are able to ...
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The Challenge of Plastic Deformulation
Description: Product failure, competitor claims, patent infringement, or pricing issues are all reasons companies look for polymer deformulation. The deformulation of plastics presents special challenges to the ...
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Aqueous Ultrasonic Cleaning: Technology Improved by Use of Optimized Wire Cloth Baskets (.doc)
Description: A major manufacturer of custom precision stampings, moldings and assemblies provides innovative design engineering and production in a state-of-the-art facility. Industries served include surgical and ...
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Bayer High-Performance Polymers for Medical Applications - A Reference Guide
Description: Bayer MaterialScience produces a wide range of proven and innovative materials including polycarbonates, polyurethanes, thermoplastic polyurethanes, coatings, adhesives and sealants. Bayer's materials ...
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Optimized HDPE Unit Significantly Improves Product Quality, Lowers Operating Costs
From: Pavilion TechnologiesDescription: ATOFINA Petrochemicals, Inc. is committed to a continuous progress initiative that focuses on streamlining operations and enhancing performance at all levels of the company. In addition, the ...
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DMA Testing for Long Term Material Performance (.doc)
Description: DMA is short for Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA), which is another name for Dynamic Mechanical Rheological Testing (DMRT). Rheometers for mechanical rheometry are of two types: 1) Linear ...
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Adhesive Films for Outerwear
From: Bemis Associates Inc.Description: Welded, bonded, or laminated construction are all innovative and viable methods for manufacturing technical outerwear. The latest advancements in machinery and the increased sophistication of textiles ...
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Extruded Technical Film Solutions
From: Bemis Associates Inc.Description: Ex Tech™ is a full range of high-performance thermoplastic films & sheets, including polyurethane (TPU), polyester, polyamide, polyolefin and aliphatic urethanes. These materials can be ...
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Heat Seal Guide for Embroidery
From: Bemis Associates Inc.Description: Heat seal embroidered trim items are bonded to a wide variety of fabrics. Due to the many possibilities of fabrics and equipment, several factors should be considered in selecting the adhesive and how ...
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Heat Sealing for Printed Fabric Labels
From: Bemis Associates Inc.Description: Due to the simplicity and high productivity of the process, heat sealing has become the standard method of attachment of printed fabric labels in many industries. The result is a label with enhanced ...
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Heat Sealing for Woven Labels
From: Bemis Associates Inc.Description: Brand name woven labels can be quickly and permanently heat sealed onto shirts, blouses, ties, trousers and many other garments, as well as non-apparel items. Bemis heat seal adhesive films are ...
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How to Use Bemis 6343 Pucker-Free Adhesive Film
From: Bemis Associates Inc.Description: Apply Bemis Pucker Free film between two layers of fabric along the seam and sew creating a seam with two layer of fabric sandwiched between a layer of adhesive film. Use heat, time and pressure to ...
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Thermoplastic Selector Guide
From: Bemis Associates Inc.
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Lowering Tooling Cost By Using Low-Friction Coatings
Description: A s manufacturing becomes more global and more competitive, industries are forced to reevaluate how they look at cutting tools and machining processes. Logically, if a manufacturer invests in a high ...
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Energy Propagation in Dielectric and Magnetic Materials: Theoretical Notes, Definitions and Calculations
Description: The following theoretical notes are based on sources such as Stratton "Electromagnetic Theory", McGraw Hill Book Company and Von Hippel "Dielectric Materials and Applications", Technology Press of M. ...
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Gearbox Temperature Reduction
Description: Situation: A major paper manufacturer was experiencing unacceptable wear and out of cycle maintenance issues with a gearbox. The issue was root-caused to critical temperatures in the gearbox during ...
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HVOF Coatings Extend Flap Track Life
From: BASF CorporationDescription: As far as coating processes go, there have been several traditional methods such as plating that have been used extensively in the aviation industry. But there is a fairly new process available that ...
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Mars Explorer Rover
Description: The Mars Explorer Rover (MER) program's two rovers - Spirit and Opportunity - were equipped for their January 2004 launch with a five degree-of-freedom, 1-meter long robotic arm known as the ...
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Power Engineering - The Art and Craft of Applying Thermal Barrier Coatings to Improve Life Expectancy
From: BASF CorporationDescription: T hermal barrier coatings (TBCs) protect turbine components from oxidation and corrosion and effectively provide greater durability and reliability to turbine engines. The importance of protecting ...
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The Sorbead Quick Cycle Process for Simultaneous Removal of Water, Heavy Hydrocarbons and Mercaptans from Natural Gas
From: BASF CorporationDescription: Used for decades, BASF Sorbeadä oil-drop silica gel is a premium silica gel-based adsorbent that allows the single step removal of both heavy hydrocarbons and water from natural gas ('quick-cycle ...
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Dicronite Dry Lubrication Background
Description: Developed as part of NASA's space exploration program, Dicronite® dry lubrication is the trusted dry lubrication technology for the aerospace, plastic molding, medical device, mechanical ...
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Effect of Concentration, Vial Size and Fill Depth on Product Resistance of Sucrose Solutions During Freeze Drying
Description: In a freeze drying process, mass transfer and product temperature are dependent upon the resistance of the product matrix to water vapor flow (Rp) [1]. Rp is influenced by numerous factors such as ...
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Smart Freeze Drying - Innovations in Pharmaceutical Technology
Description: Lyophilisation is the process of drying a product in a frozen state under vacuum to increase product stability, minimise the effects of oxidation and degradation, and increase the shelf-life of the ...
- The Critical Formulation Temperature in Freeze-Drying
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Chlorine and MWF: Issues and Answers
From: CIMCOOLDescription: Where chlorine comes from, what form it can take and its implications, especially in the aerospace industry: Chlorine is an element belonging to the same group as fluorine, bromine and iodine. This ...
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Fluids for Glass Processes
From: CIMCOOLDescription: Glass, one of the oldest man-made materials known, dates back to 3500 BC in the region of Egypt and Mesopotamia. Natural forms of glass are traceable back to the beginning of time. Manufactured or ...
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Lead (Pb):In the Metalworking Environment
From: CIMCOOLDescription: Lead is a very soft and malleable blue-grey metal that is partially soluble in water. Pure lead (Pb) is a chemical element and a heavy metal. Lead can combine with many other materials to form ...
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Designer's Guide to Tungsten Carbide (.pdf)
Description: This publication is a reference guide for designers, engineers, fabricators and end users of tungsten carbide material. It is a compilation of recommendations derived from practical experience, ...
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Carbide Design in Wear Resistant Powder Materials
Description: One area where powder metallurgy has proven to be superior to other means of manufacturing is wear resistant structures. Highly wear resistant high speed steel powders are commonly used in both HIPped ...
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Dimensional Change Comparison of Materials with Different Microstructures
Description: Powder metallurgy is a near net shape technology. Demand on high performance parts increases the demand for tight tolerances to be cost effective toward competing technologies. Heat treatment is ...
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Improved Dimensional Precision by High Performance Bonded Mixes and Advanced Compaction Presses
Description: One of the main strengths of PM technology is its ability to make near net shape components with a cost efficient process. There is, however, variability in the dimensions of the sintered parts that ...
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P/M Materials for Gear Applications
Description: P/M materials for gear applications have been reviewed based on results of own investigations of gear tooth bending strength of simple spur gears and rolling contact fatigue resistance of rollers. It ...
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Performance Characteristics of a Newly Developed Cost-Effective Cr-Ni Prealloyed Steel Designed to replace Fe-Ni Steels
Description: Many PM applications requiring very good heat treated properties have utilized the FN-020X material system due to the relative economy of the system and ease of use. Recently, however, increases and ...
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Performance Characteristics of a Newly Developed Machinability Additive for PM Applications
Description: Powder Metallurgy has long been an economic alternative to traditional manufacturing processes due to PM's capability for economically producing complex net shaped components. Even though PM can ...
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Performance Characteristics of a Newly Developed Ni-Mo Sinter-hardened PM Steel
Description: Sinterhardening of PM components has been a successful and cost effective alternative to secondary heat treatment by eliminating the Heat Treatment manufacturing step. However, Sinterhardening alloys ...
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Properties of 17-4 PH Stainless Steel Produced via Press and Sinter Route
Description: Ferritic and austenitic stainless steels exhibit moderate levels of strength which are adequate for a wide range of applications. Martensitic stainless steels offer significantly higher strengths, but ...
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Sinter Hardening Response of Chromium PM Steels
Description: The sinter hardening response of PM steels is affected by alloying system, cooling rate, density and mass of the component. In this paper the sinter hardening response of two chromium alloyed PM ...
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Wear Resistance of Gas Nitrided Astaloy CrL™ Sintered Steel
Description: Gas Nitriding treatment is proposed in combination with Shot Peening as a processing route to increase the wear performances of PM components made of prealloyed powder Astaloy CrLTM. Porosity closure ...
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Hydrogen in Sapphire - Part 1
Description: Hydrogen impurities in materials influence their properties, including flow strength. Alpha alumina single crystals and polycrystalline ceramics were annealed in supercritical water between 850 and ...
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Hydrogen in Sapphire - Part 2
Description: Hydrogen impurities in alumina have been introduced by hydrothermal annealing (see part I). In this paper, we report on reductions in the flow strength of alpha alumina single crystals and ...
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State of North American PM Industry-2008
Description: Despite facing a perfect storm of challenges in 2007, the powder metallurgy (PM) industry in North America remains the world's largest and most innovative PM market. The shrinking market share of ...
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"Space-Age" Surface Enhancement Coatings Fight Environmental Attacks On Oil & Gas Equipment
Description: Design engineers, operating engineers, and equipment maintenance specialists in the oil and gas industry are increasingly turning to high-tech surface enhancement coatings that allow oil and gas ...
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Dry Lubricant Coating Plays A Hand In Man Reaching For Mars
Description: Following the recent successful landings of the 'Opportunity' and 'Spirit' Rovers on Mars, NASA has become more open about its investigations into a potential manned lunar mission and a manned ...
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Guide to Ultrasonic Plastic Assembly
Description: Ultrasonic plastics assembly is the joining or reforming of thermoplastics through the use of heat generated from high frequency mechanical motion. It is accomplished by converting electrical energy ...
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Magnaplate Goes Against The Grain To Save Mars Exploration Project
Description: Linden, NJ, October, 2003 - At the end of August, Mars, the fourth rock from the sun, was less than 35 million miles away from the Earth causing scientists and enthusiastic amateurs to stay up all ...
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Magnaplate Surface Enhancement Can Be As Simple as... ABCDE
Description: Based on our 50 years of applying "synergistic" surface enhancement coatings to virtually every shape, size, and type of metal surface, we've discovered that the most successful projects usually have ...
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"Made in the U.S.A." Audio Component Pioneer Redesigns Efficiency
Description: Huntington Indiana's Pyle Industries has long been a pioneer in the development and manufacture of "Made in the U.S.A." sound systems for cars, trucks and the home. The first mobile high-power woofers ...
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A Space Age FDA/USDA Compliant Metal Coating Extends Release Properties Of Multi-Metal Chocolate Extruders From 40 Hours To More Than Two Years
Description: If the operation of a real-life candy processing facility were as delightful and exciting as that run by the fictional hero Willy Wonka, there would be little need for magazines such as Food ...
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Coated Basics
From: Zo-Air Co., Inc.Description: A coated abrasive product is made up of three basic raw materials: an abrasive mineral, the backing onto which the abrasive is applied, and an adhesive bond. The Carborundum Abrasives coated abrasive ...
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Fibratex Basics
From: Zo-Air Co., Inc.Description: Most Fibratex products consist of a non-woven web of nylon fibers, impregnated throughout with abrasive grain and bonded with synthetic resins. This design produces a cushioned, three-dimensional ...
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How Coatings Work
Description: Magnaplate coatings are applied to substrates in a multi-step system that starts with a series of specialized cleaning treatments. The substrate's surface is then enhanced by conversion, deposition, ...
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Magnaplate's Steel-Hard Coating On Aluminum Dies Improves Quality And Productivity For Custom Extruder
Description: A leading custom profile extruder of plastics attains flawless surface finish quality while doubling die life and increasing productivity by the application of unique, steel-hard coatings to its ...
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Metal Coating Technologies Provide Critical Edge For Dry Bulk Solids Handling Leader
Description: Over the past forty years, Acrison has established itself as an industry leading authority in dry bulk solids handling, specifically the precision metering of dry solid ingredients by volume or weight ...
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Space Age Coatings Increase Service Life Of Pumps Operating In
Description: The high silt and gravel content of local water wells in parts of Illinois and Wisconsin causes scouring, corrosion and shortened lives for the pumps operating in those wells. However, the application ...
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Space-Age Enhancement Coating Solves Aluminum Longeron Failures On T-38 Jets
Description: First flown in 1959, the Northrop T-38 Talon jet trainer is one of the true "workhouses" of the United States Air Force. Over 60,000 pilots have learned supersonic techniques, aerobatics, formation, ...
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Surface Enhancements Eliminate ESD Damage During Operation of State-of-the-Art I.C. Handlers
Description: When San Jose California's Exatron engineered their latest generation of integrated circuit (I.C.) handling equipment, protection from damage due to electro-static discharge (ESD) was a top priority. ...
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When Adhesives Stick Too Well
Description: If you work with calendar rolls, adhesive pumps, mixing kettles, mixer blades, rolls, rails, conveyors, frames, wheels, gears, dispensers, sealers, extruders, testers, applicators or a whole host of ...
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Worcester Controls Corp. Eliminates Galling and Boosts Ball Valve Life 50% With Mirror-Smooth Coating
Description: For more than four decades, Worcester Controls Corporation has been on the leading edge of ball valve and flow control technology. The Marlborough (Mass.) company has always prided itself on making ...
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High-Tech, Space-Age Metal Surface Enhancement Coating Solves Wear and Release Problems for Pine Instrument Company's Gyratory Compaction Asphalt Testers
Description: High-Tech, Space-Age Metal Surface Enhancement Coating Solves Wear and Release Problems for Pine Instrument Company's Gyratory Compaction Asphalt Testers The development of computer-controlled asphalt ...
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Ultra-Thin, Ultra-Hard, Surface Enhancement Applied On International Space Station's Quick Disconnect Couplings Eliminates Wear, Leaks, and Contamination
Description: Ultra-Thin, Ultra-Hard, Surface Enhancement Applied On International Space Station's Quick Disconnect Couplings Eliminates Wear, Leaks, and Contamination In the harsh vacuum and low temperatures of ...
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Prediction of Polyolefin Foamability
Description: Many different polyolefinic foams and effectively nonfoamable polyolefinic resins were studied by ASTM D-4440, "Standard Test Method for Plastics: Dynamic Mechanical Properties Melt Rheology" ...
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Considerations for Characterizing Moisture Effects in Coatings Weathering Studies
Description: This paper investigates the effects of weathering factors on moisture absorption of coatings and presents results from several projects including real-time and accelerated weathering studies of ...
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Effects of Moisture, Location, and Angle on Automotive Paint System Appearance During Natural Weathering
Description: Researchers know moisture plays a key role in weathering of many materials and often place moisture in a set of three primary weathering variables with sunlight and temperature. Researchers use ...
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Predicting Maximum Field Service Temperatures From Solar Reflectance Measurements of Vinyl
Description: A number of vinyl building product manufacturers are familiar with The Standard Test Method for Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products according to ASTM D 4803 which utilizes an insulated ...
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Predicting Maximum Field Service Temperatures From Solar Reflectance Measurements of Vinyl
Description: A number of vinyl building product manufacturers are familiar with The Standard Test Method for Predicting Heat Buildup in PVC Building Products according to ASTM D 4803 which utilizes an insulated ...
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Variables, Methods and Philosophies Considered in Coatings Durability
Description: This presentation broadly overviews several key aspects of coatings weathering and durability. Recent empirical data is included to introduce some fundamental variables and environmental ...
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Case Study: Drying of Water Based Coatings
From: Heraeus Noblelight, LLCDescription: New research on the application of IR dryers to water-based varnishes indicates high energy cost savings. With correct selection of the radiation source the infrared energy requirement for the drying ...
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EMI Shielding With Perforated Metals
Description: One of the most common uses for perforated metal is to enclose electrical devices to attenuate the EMI/RFI radiation they emit and to ventilate them at the same time. Many questions have been asked ...
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Fluid Loss in Perforated Metal
Description: In many applications of perforated plate, the estimated energy loss or pressure loss through perforated plates is one of the design considerations. The following pressure loss information was ...
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Pressure Loss in Perforated Metal (Air)
Description: the estimated energy loss or pressure loss through perforated plates is one of the design considerations. The following pressure loss information was developed from a laboratory air flow system at ...
