Reference Articles 1 - 97 of 97
-
Mining (Polyus, Russia)
Description: Power generation for Polyus is now easier and more cost-efficient with Cat engine technology and VT service support. The CHP plant in Eruda significantly reduces the cost of generated power while at ...
-
Power Profile -- Data Center (IO Data Centers)
Description: At 538,000 square feet (50,000 square meters) IO Data Centers' Phoenix facility is ranked among the 10 largest data centers in the world by Data Center Knowledge. To meet customer need, the facility ...
-
Power Profile -- Health Care (American Hospital Dubai)
Description: To ensure the safety of patients, it is critical that backup power is available within 20 seconds of a power failure. The Cat UPS system in place at AHD uses an integrated, high-speed flywheel kinetic ...
-
Utility (American Samoa Power Authority)
Description: Innovations and ideas produced and implemented on this project can confidently be utilized by other Pacific island power authorities to help them provide reliable, efficient power generation solutions ...
-
Data center design decisions and their impact on power system infrastructure
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: When designing an enterprise data center, owners, architects and engineers have to understand and decide on everything from site to signage. Some of the most critical decisions revolve around the best ...
-
Advantages of Diesel Air-Cooled Used Generators
Description: Diesel air-cooled used generators have been used for many years and have a long track record of being reliable, easily adaptable and relatively inexpensive. The output these workhorses produce in ...
-
Generator Fuel Tanks
Description: Generators supply auxiliary electric power during outages of power supply from the local electricity distribution company. This is done by using input mechanical energy to initiate combustion of fuel ...
-
How Does a Generator Create Electricity? How Generators Work
Description: Generators are useful appliances that supply electrical power during a power outage and prevent discontinuity of daily activities or disruption of business operations. Generators are available in ...
-
Prime/Continuous Power vs. Standby/Backup Power
Description: Continuous and prime power generators are very similar as they function as the main source of power and are designed to operate continuously or for extended periods of time. The major difference ...
-
Recent Advances in Diesel Engines & Diesel Generator Sets
Description: Over the years, numerous aspects of the diesel engine have been subjected to modifications and treatments in attempts to make the engine more efficient. All engines produce power by igniting a mixture ...
-
Case Study: Protecting Tabasco® Sauce
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: The many varieties of fiery Tabasco sauce are made by the McIlhenny Company in Avery Island, Louisiana. But the future of the globally popular product was threatened when a hurricane came dangerously ...
-
Making a Data Center Secure (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: As part of business continuity planning, Cummins Inc. recognized the need to construct, equip and staff a second data center. The number-one priority for the new center was security. Today, everything ...
-
On-Site Power Generation Protects Water Supply at Ontario Utility (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: The December 2010 issue of WaterWorld has an article about the on-site power system that supports the cities of Ajax and Pickering, Ontario, part of Greater Toronto. The Ajax plant requires ...
-
Dealing With Landfill Fuel: Evaluating Fuel Treatment Options (.pdf)
Description: Dealing with fuel contaminants in landfill-gas-to-energy systems is essentially a matter of economics: weighing the costs of removal against the benefits of improved service intervals, performance and ...
-
Powering a Growing Paradise in the South Pacific (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: Aitutaki is one of the 15 islands of the Cook Islands archipelago in the South Pacific, and with its swaying palm trees and white coral sands surrounded by indigo waters, is a postcard of tranquility. ...
-
Emergency Backup Power for Caribbean Telecom Provider (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: The 3G CLARO-CODETEL mobile network, which serves millions of people in the Dominican Republic, received a massive upgrade, and Cummins Power Generation played a significant role. ...
-
The Impact of Tier 4 Emission Regulations on the Power Generation Industry (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: In the U.S., diesel engine emissions have been regulated for almost forty years. For most of that time, the regulations governed primarily on-highway engines in trucks and buses, but in 1998 nonroad ...
-
Backup Power In Extreme Conditions (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: A major Canadian Wireless provider were looking for uninterrupted wireless service at 31 remote cell towers accessible by helicopter only during the summer months. Wanting permanently installed ...
-
An Introduction to SmartGrid (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: There has recently been a lot of talk in the media and debate by government officials about the "Smart Grid". The 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) allocates billions of dollars in ...
-
Application of Lean-Burn Gas Generator Sets in Standby Service (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: Standby generator sets have been traditionally diesel engine driven and in limited cases stoichiometric (rich burn) natural gas or propane. These are popular choices because they provide a high level ...
-
EPA Emission Regulations: What They Mean for Diesel Powered Generating Systems (.pdf)
From: Cummins Power GenerationDescription: On July 11, 2006, the EPA finalized the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) to regulate emissions from stationary diesel engines. Starting from January 1, 2007, the NSPS harmonized emissions ...
-
Cyclic Operation of Fossil-Fueled Electric Power Generating Units (.pdf)
From: AlstomDescription: Recent changes in the mix of electric power generating technologies has combined with reductions in power demand to increase the need to cycle the operation of large fossil-fired electric generating ...
-
Active State Power Management (.pdf)
From: Teledyne LeCroyDescription: With the increasing cost of energy and awareness of environmental considerations, power saving is becoming more and more critical. Power saving has always been critical for mobile devices, but now ...
-
A Multifaceted View of Distributed Generation Systems and Their Impacts
Description: The term Distributed Generation (DG) encompasses a wide range of electric power generation sources - from a residential rooftop photovoltaic resource to a large wind farm. Hence, the impact of DG ...
-
Reciprocating Generator Sets: A Viable Choice in Sustainable Energy (.pdf)
Description: Advances in combined heat and power technology and renewable fuel sources have joined to make reciprocating generator sets a practical choice in power generation and energy security. ...
-
Fuel Cell Technology Primer (.pdf)
Description: This application note will describe the various fuel cell technologies and highlight the role that Thermo analyzers can play in their development. ...
-
Are You Still Running That Generator? (.pdf)
Description: The talk lately about high fuel prices is focused on cars and planes, which makes sense since transportation is so important to our daily lives. However, in our world of remote-site industrial power ...
-
Better Backup Power for Outdoor Applications: Power a DC Load with AC Primary Power (.pdf)
Description: Available power supply is paramount for system networks such as microwave and cell repeaters, Wi-Fi and WiMax networks, and RTU/SCADA. Critical loads must remain operational during power outages and ...
-
Difficult Site Challenges (.pdf)
Description: Deployment of a remote site photovoltaic (PV) system is a challenging prospect. Deployment involves site preparation, transportation of materials and labor, and the installation and commissioning of ...
-
How Tough are PV Modules? (.pdf)
Description: The photovoltaic (PV) industry often brags about the durability of PV modules which are outdoor devices built to operate in rugged, remote environments. They are subjected to every imaginable weather ...
-
Remote System Monitoring for PV Systems (.pdf)
Description: A SunWize customer recently purchased six large, standalone photovoltaic (PV) systems for deployment in an extremely remote area of the American Southwest to power critical sensors as part of a data ...
-
Security Monitoring uses Solar Power (.pdf)
Description: Steve Didier of Didier/Denver AV Systems Specialists in Lakewood, Colorado was facing a challenging job to put power in a very remote area. Steve stated, "The nearest utility connection would have ...
-
Seven Key Benefits of a PV/Hybrid Power System (.pdf)
Description: Photovoltaics (PV) is a highly cost-effective power supply for small-to-modest loads (1 to 300 watts) in remote locations far removed from a source of commercial grid power. However, as the load ...
-
When Does A Solar Energy System Make Sense for Remote Site Power? (.pdf)
Description: At a recent SunWize industrial training, a participant asked the fundamental question, "How do you know when solar is the right power solution?" This is a key question when considering solar ...
-
Why Isn't a 12-Volt PV Module Really 12 Volts? (.pdf)
Description: A nominal 12-volt photovoltaic (PV) module actually operates at a peak voltage (rated output voltage) between 16.0 and 17.5 volts. A nominal voltage is assigned to modules to define their voltage ...
-
VNA Dynamic Range and Linearity Accuracy (.pdf)
From: Anritsu CompanyDescription: System dynamic range of a VNA is defined as the difference between the measurement power available at the test port and the noise floor of the receiver. In situations where dynamic range is pushed to ...
-
The ABCs of Service Options for your UPS System
Description: The old adage of, "If it ain't broke, don't fix it" may be feasible in some circumstances, but applying it to the maintenance of a UPS can have devastating consequences. ...
-
Device Networking for Windmill Turbine
From: Moxa Inc.Description: Windmill turbines contain many components that are connected to a PLC for communication and control with a host on the ground. The addition of a small device server can make it possible to manage the ...
-
Wind Power Farms And The Use of Ethernet and Fiber Optics for Remote Monitoring
From: Moxa Inc.Description: Remote monitoring and control systems for wind power farms must be designed for long-distance transmission and the highest degree of reliability, while facing harsh environments involving extreme ...
-
EPA Tier 4 and the Electric Power Industry (.pdf)
Description: The initiative to lower diesel engine emissions started with on-highway engines in 1973 and now extends to non-road mobile equipment, marine and locomotive engines, and stationary engines. These lower ...
-
Sustainable Application of Reciprocating Gas Engines Operating on Alternative Fuels
Description: The concern for the anthropogenic release of methane (CH4) into the environment and methane's potential for global warming-21 times higher than that of carbon dioxide-continues to draw international ...
-
Sustainable Application of Reciprocating Gas Engines Operating on Coal Mine Methane Gas (.pdf)
Description: Coal provides 25 percent of global primary energy needs and generates 40 percent of the world's electricity, according to the World Coal Institute. The People's Republic of China produces the largest ...
-
Case Study: Minnkota Power's Milton R. Young Station Electrical System Assessment
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: Minnkota Power's Milton R. Young Station Unit 1 was put into service in 1970. The original electrical distribution equipment is approaching 40 years of age. Life extension measures such as ...
-
Combined Heat and Power Plants: A Balanced Alternative (.pdf)
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: Today's electric power industry is challenged to meet the demands of many masters: client needs, economics (lowest cost), environmental permitting and citizen focus on global warming. One option to ...
-
Solar Radiation and Solar Power System Design (.pdf)
Description: What information do photovoltaic (PV) engineers use to size a system? Solar radiation is the energy the earth receives every day as photons of light travel through space from the sun to the earth. For ...
-
Designing a Base Station Coil for the HCS410
Description: This application note describes the Excel spreadsheet to design base station coils. The spreadsheet file name is basestaxls. The basic approach used is to choose the driver circuit driving voltage and ...
-
A Method to Determine How Much Power a SOT23 Can Dissipate in an Application
Description: With the introduction of smaller surface mount (SMT) packages, it is becoming increasingly important to know their maximum power handling capability in specific applications. The power dissipation ...
-
Interfacing a KEELOQ® Encoder to a PLL Circuit
Description: Most of the recently introduced advanced KEELOQ® Encoders, like the HCS362, HCS365, HCS370 and HCS412, have provisions for controlling a multiple stage RF transmitter or a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) ...
-
Operational Amplifier AC Specifications and Applications
Description: This application note defines the ac specifications of voltage feedback operational amplifiers (Op Amps). Directly following these definitions, related amplifier circuits are given where the ...
-
Operational Amplifier Topologies and DC Specifications
Description: Operational amplifiers (op amps) are as prolific in analog circuits as salt and pepper is on food. They are sprinkled throughout the sensor data acquisition system, performing a variety of functions. ...
-
Passive RFID Basics
Description: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems use radio frequency to identify, locate and track people, assets, and animals. Passive RFID systems are composed of three components an interrogator ...
-
Using Single Supply Operational Amplifiers in Embedded Systems
Description: Beyond the primitive transistor, the operational amplifier is the most basic building block for analog applications. Fundamental functions such as gain, load isolation, signal inversion, level ...
-
+/-5V Power Supply Operation with TC7106A/7107A (TC7106A/7107A)
Description: This application note describes how the TC7106/A/7107 3-1/2 digit analog-to-digital converters with liquid crystal display drive can be powered from ±5V power supplies using low cost regulators such ...
-
Antenna Circuit Design
Description: Passive RFID tags utilize an induced antenna coil voltage for operation. This induced AC voltage is rectified to provide a voltage source for the device. As the DC voltage reaches a certain level, the ...
-
Considerations for Driving Power MOSFETs in High-Current, Switch Mode Regulators
Description: The low on-resistance and high current carrying capability of power MOSFETs make them preferred switching devices in SMPS power supply design. However, designing with these devices is not as ...
-
DC Performance Comparisons of CMOS vs Bipolar LDOs When Operating in "Dropout" (Vin = Nominal Vout) Mode (list devices)
Description: More and more, battery operated systems are requiring lower terminal voltages to power internal circuits. Multi-cell designs are rapidly migrating to single-cell architectures to reduce system cost. A ...
-
Differential ADC Biasing Techniques, Tips and Tricks
Description: True differential converters can offer many advantages over single-ended input A/D Converters (ADC). In addition to their common mode rejection ability, these converters can also be used to overcome ...
-
Digitally Addressable DALI Dimming Ballast App.
Description: This reference design is a high efficiency, high power factor and digital dimming electronic ballast designed to drive rapid start fluorescent lamp types. The design contains an active power factor ...
-
Latch-Up Protection for MOSFET Drivers
Description: Most CMOS ICs,given proper conditions, can "latch,"(like an SCR) creating a short circuit from the positive supply voltage to ground. This application note explains how this occurs and what can be ...
-
Linear Circuit Devices for Applications in Battery Powered Wireless Systems
Description: Conventional wisdom says smaller is better where battery operated wireless systems are concerned. Higher silicon integration and smaller package technology have shrunk system electronics to the point ...
-
Mastering the PIC16C7X A/D Converter
Description: The Analog-to-Digital converter (A/D) is the primary tool that allows analog signals to be quantized into the world of digital electronics. Once the signal is digitally represented, it can be stored, ...
-
System Design Practice (TC4426/7/8, TC4426A/7A/8A)
Description: The TC4426/4427/4428 are high-speed power MOSFET drivers built using Microchip Technology's tough CMOS process. They are improved versions of the earlier TC426/427/428 family of high-speed power ...
-
Universal Power MOSFET Interface IC (TC4420/9)
Description: The TC4420/4429 are 6A high-speed MOSFET drivers available in an 8-pin SOIC package, 8-pin CerDIP and PDIP packages, and a 5-pin TO-220 package. These parts have additional improvements over the TC429 ...
-
Using the Microchip TC54 Voltage Detector
Description: Microchip's TC54 series of voltage detectors are designed to supersede a variety of discrete comparator circuits and bipolar technology voltage detectors. ...
-
Using the TC1142 for Biasing a GaAs Power Amplifier
Description: RF bandwidths for cellular systems such as AMPS, TACS, GSM, TDMA, and CDMA range from 800MHz to 1.0GHz. To provide RF transmissions over this range of frequencies, Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) has become ...
-
Voltage-to-Frequency/Frequency-to-Voltage Converter
Description: One of the most difficult circuits to build is one which will divide one analog signal by another. Two voltage-to-frequency (V/F) converters can do such division with ease. The numerator is counted ...
-
Interfacing to AC Power Lines
Description: This application note describes a simple method for measuring parameters from the AC power line. Parameters such as zero crossing, frequency, and relative phase can be measured. This method is useful ...
-
Generating High Voltage Using the PIC16C781/782
Description: The Nixie tube is a device born out of the middle twentieth century, used to display digital information in a human readable format. Basically, it is a high-voltage numerical display. Today, the Nixie ...
-
AC-DC Conversion
Description: In most power electronic applications, the power input is in the form of a 50 Hz or 60 Hz sine-wave AC voltage provided by the electric utility, which is then converted to a DC voltage. Increasingly, ...
-
Design A Load Sharing System Power Path Management with Microchip's Stand-Alone Li-Ion Battery Charger
Description: AN1149 Designing A Li-Ion Battery Charger and Load Sharing System With Microchip's Stand-Alone Li-Ion Battery Charge Management Controller However, most of the time, batteries are designed to be ...
-
Filter Solutions for the Regeneration of Electrical Power
From: Schaffner EMC Inc.Description: Energy, which is being generated during the braking process of fast rotations or heavy masses, used to be converted into useless heat by means of bulky brake resistors. Today, innovative drive ...
-
Sensorless Switched-Reluctance Generators: a Technology Read for Aerospace Applications
Description: Commercial, combat, and cargo aircraft face an ever-increasing demand for more electrification, a concept called "More Electric Aircraft." Actually today's modern aircraft consume something between 10 ...
-
Average and Peak Power - A Tutorial
From: Newport CorporationDescription: It is easy to calculate the power or energy of optical pulses if the right parameters are known. Presented here are the relationships among some basic quantities often needed when working with laser ...
-
Calculating Power Density - A Shortcut
From: Newport CorporationDescription: It is often necessary to calculate the power density (Power/Area) of a laser beam (for example, when trying to determine whether a beam will damage an optic or detector). Usually power density is ...
-
Power Meter Minimum Measurable Power
From: Newport CorporationDescription: There seems to be some confusion regarding terms such as 'Resolution', 'Noise Level', 'Minimum Detectable Power' or 'Minimum Measurable Power' of the device. These terms are all used in conjunction ...
-
Coal Strategy and Boiler Optimization
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: Since the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) were implemented in 1995, a plethora of changes to the operating environment of every electric utility has occurred. Initial (Phase 1) CAAA changes were ...
-
Coal-Fired Boilers: Lessons Learned from Challenges to PSD Permits
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: Almost every recent submitted application for a new coal-fired power plant has been challenged during the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) permitting process. Environmentalists and other ...
-
Construction Challenges of 345-kV Underground
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: Burns & McDonnell is providing Program Management and detailed design for the Northeast Utilities (NUSCO) subsidiary Connecticut Light and Power (CL&P) on the Middletown/Norwalk Bulk Transmission ...
-
Familiar Story, Better Ending: City of Jackson Raises Electric Rates 40% - and the Residents Understand
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: No one likes to hear that electric rates are going up. Travel the state of Missouri, in fact, and you'll find few communities where residents aren't - or won't soon be - up in arms over sharp ...
-
Green Just Makes Sense
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: No matter what you think of Al Gore, you have to give him credit for one thing. He has the entire country focused on using energy more efficiently. This is a critical issue that will only grow in ...
-
Hybrid Lighting: Renewable Energy's Best-Kept Secret
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: A thousand years ago, mankind began to find ways to pipe water into homes and buildings. Today, building a home or business that had no water piped in would be unthinkable. In the mid 1800s, natural ...
-
Managing Risks of Generating Assets in LMP Markets
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: Today there are about 720 gigawatts (GW) of power generation in the United States. As shown in Figure 1, much of the U.S. is divided into distinct regions in which the use of the electric transmission ...
-
Maximizing LEED, Minimizing Your Building's Energy Footprint on the Environment
From: Burns & McDonnellDescription: Sustainability, green credits, carbon offsets, renrewable energy certificates, high-performance buildings, LEED. All of these are terms that increasingly have become everyday factors in our design ...
-
Guidelines for High Reliability Remote Power System Design
From: Solarcraft, Inc.Description: When designing high reliability power systems for critical loads at remote sites, a variety of considerations must come into play during the design process. The purpose of this class is to familiarize ...
-
How are "Equalize", "Boost" and "Fast Charge" Charging Different?
Description: Each of these terms describes the same function of the charger where the charger temporarily elevates the battery's voltage above the float level. There are different uses for elevated charge voltage, ...
-
Improve Genset Availability By Detecting Bad Batteries Early
Description: Failure to start is the most significant avoidable cause of diesel generator malfunction. Over 80% of failures to start are caused by battery problems. Genset customers invest significant amounts of ...
-
Technical Reference: Battery Glossary
Description: First, all lead batteries are based on an electro-chemistry involving lead and lead dioxide with a sulfuric acid electrolyte. There are many variations on, and descriptions for, lead-acid batteries ...
-
What Does "Equalize" Charging Do, and Why is it Needed?
Description: All batteries, even those assembled into unitized blocks, are all built of individual battery cells connected in series to obtain the required DC voltage. Like all manufactured products, there is ...
-
What is the Correct Charging Voltage?
Description: The value of both float and equalize/boost/high rate voltages is determined by the battery manufacturer, and depends on the chemistry and construction of the battery. Deviating from the recommended ...
-
Whitepaper: Green Power Quality
Description: Two issues involving electric power are escalating simultaneously: consuming and producing electric power in a more "green" fashion and the need for a better quality of power. Green power, as splashed ...
-
Fuel Cell Stack Assembly
From: Tekscan, Inc.Description: The I-Scan® force and pressure measurement system is an important research and development tool for fuel cell design. In a fuel cell, numerous thin plates are stacked in close proximity to ...
-
Government Systems Including National Defense: SENS DC Power in Government Service
Description: Standard and customized SENS chargers are used in a variety of applications in nearly every branch of the US military including Navy, Coast Guard, Air Force, and Army. ...
-
Shipboard / Offshore Safety and Control Systems: Marine Safety Depends on DC Power
Description: Reliable non-stop DC power is required offshore to insure efficient and safe operations. Communication, fire suppression and automated control systems all depend on non-stop DC power. ...
-
Standby Electric Power: Assuring Critical Engines Start When Needed
Description: Engine-driven backup generators reduce risk and cost at installations dependent on electric power such as nuclear plants, hospitals, telephone exchanges, high-rise building, data centers and water ...
-
Reducing Utility Demand Charges
Description: This is a brief explanation of an important subject matter. If you want to know more about changes you can make that can save you money on your electric bills, get in touch with your electric utility ...
-
Harnessing the Power of Maintenance
From: SKF/North America
-
Wind Turbine Technology Turns on Bearings and Condition Monitoring
From: SKF/North AmericaDescription: For those pondering how to control the economics of energy and cultivate "greener" power sources, one answer is clearly "written in the wind." Modern wind turbine generators have become true power ...
