Reference Articles 1 - 100 of 211
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Semiconductor Inspection Equipment (Embedded)
From: CONTEC Co., Ltd.Description: Embedding an Industrial PC, GPIB board, digital I/O and image processing board into semiconductor inspection equipment. ...
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Rugged Notebooks Used in Modern Fire Fighting (.pdf)
Description: Since ancient time, fire has been considered as a basic substance to constitute the universe and it is also indispensable for life. But fire is a fickle friend of human being. One minute it can make ...
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Designing Electronic Medical Devices for Extended Lifecycles Using Off-the-Shelf-SBCs (.pdf)
From: VersaLogic CorporationDescription: Designing electronic medical diagnostic and monitoring devices for extended lifecycles using off-the-shelf single board computers. ...
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Express104 Modules Upgrade PC/104 Installed Base with SUMIT Interface
From: VersaLogic CorporationDescription: The new SUMIT interface is a highly flexible, modular, well-engineered approach that is independent of form factor or processor architecture. A first example of its utility is in the new Express104 ...
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Myths & Realities of Real-Time Linux Software Systems
From: VersaLogic CorporationDescription: This document addresses some of the differences between real-time and general purpose operating systems. This includes an analysis of several common misconceptions including performance issues, ...
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? DBroadband Multimedia Servers for IPTVesign Options with ATCA (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Internet channels provide individual audiovisual content on demand. Such applications are frequently summarized as IPTV. Applications include the traditional programmed Video on Demand from a library ...
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A speedMOPS White Paper (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: With speedMOPS, Kontron (rated as the world's undisputed market leader in PC/104 CPU boards for several years now by market research institute VDC) is revealing a brand-new CPU board form factor for ...
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Advanced Switching Interconnect (ASI) Sets New Benchmarks in Networking Over the Backplane (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: T he data and telecommunications industry's search for ever faster connections between chips, boards, and chassis goes hand in hand with the rapidly increasing demands on the bandwidth of future ...
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An Overview of New Technologies for Next Generation Industrial Computing (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: As the demand for business-critical industrialized computing solutions continues to expand into a variety of new applications and market arenas, many of the core technologies that provide the ...
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ATA Storage for Video Applications (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Off-the-shelf PCs can provide an introduction to the exciting world of video editing. When becoming the next major movie producer or simply making a video of the kids' birthday party for Grandma, the ...
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Case Study: ETXexpress Infotainment (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: What happens when you seamlessly integrate digital entertainment with home control? Imagine waking up and having the coffee brewed, the TV on and tuned to the news station of your choice and the day's ...
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COM Express & ETXexpress Explained (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: The PICMG COM Express Specification was developed from the open standard called the ETXexpress, originally developed by Kontron together with Intel in 2003. Since the ETXexpress name was thought to be ...
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Conduction Cooling Techniques for Rugged Computers (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Conduction cooling for modular embedded computers have been used for many years in applications where air cooling is not appropriate. Standardization efforts in that domain have early helped to ...
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CPCI FlexiSwitch Leverages Installed base of VoIP and Media Gateways (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Rising transactions and traffic may generate a bottleneck in existing VoIP installations by lack of internal and external switching capacity. In this article Stephan discusses how innovative CPCI ...
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Designing For Robust Shock and Vibration Resistance (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: The Omnix product family from ICS Advent is designed to provide robust protection against shock and vibration factors starting from the point of shipment, continuing through installation at the ...
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Designing Industrial Computing Solutions for Optimal Cooling and Airflow (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: The traditional approach to cooling system design has been to conduct some rudimentary calculations on total wattage verses airflow requirements and then add enough fans to inject the estimated ...
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E²Brain™ A Revolutionary New Approach to Embedded Computers (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: In the present world of pervasive computing, businesses and private users must rely on an ever increasing number of machines and appliances whose functionality is based solely on embedded computers. ...
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Evolution of the ETX Standard (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: This paper will cover the Embedded Technology eXtended (more commonly referred to as ETX®) standard including its latest version ETX 3.0. The original ETX standard was introduced in the January ...
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High-end Graphics for Embedded Computing (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Until recently, embedded system developers who needed high-end embedded graphics had to settle for consumer motherboards that do not meet the demands on energy consumption, cooling and longer ...
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Integrating Options for Remote Status & Fault Monitoring (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: The ability to smoothly incorporate remote monitoring of status and fault conditions has become an important factor in the successful deployment of modern industrial computing solutions. Unlike ...
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Kontron COMs Withstand Heat and Harsh Environments (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Today's embedded system applications are expected to operate efficiently and reliably in a variety of environments in offices, factories, hospitals, and under harsh conditions that include industrial ...
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Kontron Supports Computing Autonomy (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: An autonomous underwater vehicle has specific embedded computing requirements beyond the obligatory small form factor. The vehicle's operation is dependent on data and telemetry from various ...
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Kontron X-Board* Modules Enable Multiple Solutions from a Single Design (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: As an early pioneer in the development of embedded computing modules for semi-customized systems, Kontron's mission is to provide OEMs with access to a full suite of modules that can be exchanged like ...
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MicroTCA for Medical Applications (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Multi-core processors are now mainstream and can bring significant benefits to medical image processing. Compared to single server solutions, Embedded Computer Technology provides a compact, ...
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MicroTCA Opens Up a New World for AdvancedMCs (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Kontron, a global leader in embedded computer technology manufacturing, has been successfully employing an AMC everywhere strategy for its AdvancedTCA products since publication of the AMC ...
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MicroTCA, a Flexible Toolbox with AMCs (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: The resulting systems are extremely compact and efficient and are outstanding as solutions in the areas of telecommunications, medical technology and complex automation systems. MicroTCA Release 1.0 ...
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Modular Backplane Design (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: From their earliest inception, one of the primary advantages of most industrial computing systems has been the ability to break free of the constraints imposed by motherboard-based computer (Single ...
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Modularity Offers Real Solutions (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Changes in factory floor technology have strongly affected the ruggedized monitor industry. Monitors are a key way to communicate with personnel and keep on top of plant activities to prevent downtime ...
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New-Generation Applied Computing Solutions For the Communications Market (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: During the past few years, the communications market requirements for "applied computing" solutions have been steadily evolving toward an increasing emphasis on cost-effective, highly configurable, ...
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New-Generation Applied Computing Solutions For the Industrial Automation Market (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: During the past few years, the industrial automation market's requirements for "applied computing" solutions have been steadily evolving toward an increasing emphasis on cost-effective, highly ...
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Next-Generation Applied Computing Solutions For Test & Measurement Applications (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: During the past few years, the test and measurement market's requirements for "applied computing" solutions have been steadily evolving toward an increasing emphasis on cost-effective, highly ...
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Open Modular Systems - Ready-to-run for Customized Projects (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: A dvancedTCA and MicroTCA claim to provide standardised COTS components for cost effective system designs with short lead times and high flexibility. At the same time, the technology is new to many ...
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PICMG 1.3: The Answer to Growing Bandwidth Requirements? (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: In all applications, bandwidth requirements for data transmission and processing are constantly rising. Existing PCI infrastructure should continue to be used here as much as possible. At least in the ...
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Selecting ATA Disk Storage for a Video Edit System (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: To meet today.s business requirements, server prices have steadily declined over the years, while server performance and storage capacity have increased. At the same time, the cost for tape storage ...
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The Basic Backup Guide (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Whether you are backing up an individual workstation or a small network, tape is an ideal storage medium because it is capable of storing high capacities of information for a relatively low cost. And, ...
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The Dual-Core Challenge (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: F or mobile network operators and content service providers, real-time multimedia applications such as audio and video streaming, video telephony, video mail, video conferencing, video ringback tone, ...
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The Intel® Pentium® M Processor: Microarchitecture and Performance (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: The Intel??Pentium® M processor is a key component of Intel??Centrino. mobile technology platform. It is Intel.s first microprocessor designed specifically for mobility. It provides outstanding ...
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Thermal Management in Embedded PC Systems (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Getting the maximum performance out of embedded PCs while keeping their size, weight and cost within reasonable limits requires careful thermal design. Under worst-case operation, excessive internal ...
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Underwriters Laboratory(UL) Certification for Computer-On-Modules (COMs) (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL) is an independent, not-for-profit product safety testing and certification organization which has been testing products for public safety for over a century. Each ...
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Wake Up x86 Devices From S5 Sleep State in ms (.pdf)
From: Kontron USADescription: Traditionally, x86 systems have relied on boot firmware called the BIOS (Basic Input Output System), which provides a wide range of device compatibility and detects the system configuration at boot ...
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The Freedom of Wireless USB Technology
From: Cables To GoDescription: With the overwhelming success of USB technology as the preferred interface, comes the challenge of organizing all of the cabling from desktop peripherals. Users with multiple USB peripherals find the ...
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Thinking Small - Optics for Microfluidics (.pdf)
From: Navitar, Inc.Description: Research in biotechnology and biopharmaceuticals can be a daunting process. Visual analysis of microfluidics can be labor intensive. ...
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Developing Computer Monitor Technology Means More Benefits For Users (.pdf)
Description: Flat panel monitors with liquid crystal displays (LCD), have made a significant impact on the computer monitor industry over the past few years with their slim design, flexibility and enhanced viewing ...
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Case Study: Small Tool, Big Potential
From: Matrox ImagingDescription: There is no question that Henry Ford revolutionized the manufacturing industry; it was the Ford Motor Company, after all, that was first to build mass-produced cars on an assembly line. Almost one ...
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The Secret Behind Wide Temperature Technology
From: Moxa Inc.Description: Wide temperature technology has enabled system integrators to deploy industrial computers in a greater range of indoor and outdoor environments. In this article, learn how manufacturers develop ...
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Embedded Computers for Real-time Monitoring in the Mining Industry
From: Moxa Inc.Description: One way to ensure safe operation in the mining industry is through remote monitoring and alarm systems that detect anomalies and trigger emergency alerts. Embedded computers play an essential role in ...
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Using Embedded Computers as the Central Controller in an AFC System
From: Moxa Inc.Description: Automated Fare Collection (AFC) systems are used in modern mass transit systems around the world to provide passengers with automated ticketing services. The major requirements for AFC systems are ...
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Smelter' s Sulfuric Acid Plant Control Solution
Description: The smelter's sulfuric acid plant is an essential part of nonferrous metals smelting and refining process. Sulfuric acid is highly corrosive. It not only does great harm to human body and always ...
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Defense and Aerospace Solutions - Military Case Study
Description: This client is a leader in the design and development of integrated systems and solutions for advanced missions. These include: unmanned aerial operations, electronic warfare, active electronically ...
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Large Thin Organic PTFE Substrates for Multichip Applications
Description: Very high performance computer applications have created a demand for large organic substrates capable of interconnecting one or a few ASIC semiconductor devices with packaged memory devices. The ...
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Proof is in the PTH -- Assuring Via Reliability from Chip Carriers to Thick Printed Wiring Boards
Description: The reliability of Plated through holes (PTH's) is presented as "PTH life curves" which plot cycle to fail vs. temperature for the entire range of field, accelerated thermal cycling, and assembly ...
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PWB Solutions for High Speed Systems
Description: The authors of this paper will describe a method to assist system designers of High Speed Systems in the selection of PWB design / build attributes. The attributes that will be covered are; dielectric ...
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Simulation and Measurement of High Speed Serial Link Performance in a Dense, Thin Core Flip Chip Package
Description: The speed of differential digital signals, such as 12.5 Gb/s, have increased enough to be degraded by semiconductor packaging features which are ignored at lower frequencies. In addition, more and ...
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Testing to Eliminate Reliability Defects From Electronic Packages
Description: Electronic Packaging is a critical part of all electronic devices and can be a source of the reliability problems experienced by systems using those devices. In many cases, the packaging defects are ...
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Thermal Enhancement of Systems using Organic Flip-Chip Packages (FC-PBGA) with an Alternate Cooling Path through the Printed Wiring Board
Description: The thermal performance characteristics of organic flip-chip packages (FC-PBGA) incorporating thin (0.5mm), high interconnect density (dense-core) organic substrates has been studied using 1-D ...
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Enhanced Communication Between Field Devices and Automation Systems in Hazardous Locations (.doc)
From: R. STAHL, Inc.Description: Distributed Control Systems available today offer advantages that were not available during the 1990's. Distributed I/O and Distributed Controllers with various data highways to interconnect afforded ...
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Rugged vs. Commercial: Considering the Total Cost of Ownership of Handheld Devices (.pdf)
From: Psion Inc.Description: In order to objectively assess the business case for deploying handheld devices, it is critical that the enterprise understand the ramifications of their choice of device. As with any buying decision, ...
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An EPIC Tale: PC/104 Hitches On To PCI Express
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: Express is apropos for the EPIC Express standard's name because it puts PC/104 on the fast track to the next level. Efforts put forth by Ampro Computer, Micro-sys, Octagon Systems, Versalogic, and ...
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Designing RS-485 Circuits
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: When a network needs to transfer small blocks of information over long distances, RS-485 is often the interface of choice. The network nodes can be PCs, microcontrollers, or any devices capable of ...
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Embedded Linux on PC/104
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: There's embedded Linux and there's embedded Linux. The Linux strategy used for a shirt-pocket sized MP3 player won't necessarily fit in the PC/104 world. And guess what? RedHat and other commercial ...
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Embedded Netsock™ - A DOS-Compatible UDP/IP Stack
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: In the desktop PC world, networking is the big black hole. Servers, clients, protocols, services, adapters, addresses, etc. Highly trained network administrators spend weeks trying to get functions to ...
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Embedded Software - An Overview
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: To implement an embedded application, a wide range of software choices must be made before implementation is started. Some typical decisions might be: - Should I use an operating system or not? - Does ...
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EPIC Express: A Bridge to the Future for High-Performance I/O
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: A technical evolution is propelling PCI Express to become the wave of the future for high-performance I/O in industrial/embedded applications. PCI Express provides a high-speed, high-performance, ...
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Evaluating Panels for Compatibility with Micro/sys VGA Interfaces
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: There are so many vendors of LCD panels and so many different sizes and parameters; it is likely that someone will want to use a panel that has not been tested here at Micro/sys. Although there are ...
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Features of the StackableUSB™ Interface: A New Specification for I/O Expansion in Embedded PCs
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: While the ISA bus and PC/104 continue to be popular, board-level embedded system designers are faced with the challenge of finding a replacement that can support current form factors and address ...
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Focus on Small Form Factors: EPIC
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: The introduction of the EPIC form factor at the March 2004 Embedded Systems Conference attracted considerable attention from the media and a groundswell of support from other embedded computer ...
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Interrupts and USB
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: In most embedded computer systems, there is a need for interrupts to handle events that require prompt handling by the operating system or application program. Although USB supports interrupt ...
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Matching Device Drivers with Embedded Hardware
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: In today's fast-paced world, the length of a design cycle for a product is increasingly critical to the projects' success, whether that project is deployed in-house or is a marketable product. In both ...
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Matching Embedded PC Boards to Medical Applications
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: With increasing pressures to both reduce the time to market and increase the number of features in their latest models, many medical equipment manufacturers are turning to off-the-shelf PC boards in ...
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Migrating a DOS-Based Application to Linux: A Digital I/O Example
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: This article guides the reader through the process of migrating a DOS-based application to Linux. A simple example program is provided which demonstrates key concepts for direct I/O port access in ...
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PC/104 Eases Transition to Wireless
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: One of the main problems with designing embedded computer systems in the rapid advancement of technology and its effect on the features that are desired or required in a system. In some systems, ...
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PC/104 Technology Expands to Embrace ARM Processors
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: Although the x86 processor is by far the most popular CPU to be used on PC/104 boards, recent industry trends toward smaller, lower power devices have made the PC/104 platform an attractive choice for ...
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Redesigning OEM Products Using PC/104 Computers
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: Intel, Motorola, AMD and others continue to ship truckloads of low-end 16-bit CPU devices to OEM companies who use these devices to provide internal automation to their products. Quantities are even ...
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The Effect of Power Failure on Disk Reliability
From: Micro/sys, Inc.Description: When using a disk drive, whether it is a flash disk or a rotating media disk, there may be repercussions due to a power failure during a disk write. The FAT file system is the prevalent standard ...
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Introduce EIP to Construct Information System Platform of Hydroelectric Plant (.pdf)
Description: Data is the core of the information system of hydroelectric power plant. Sharing data and increasing IT application would be the key part in the development of information management system. Along ...
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The Future of PCIe in the Industrial Sector
From: Moxa Inc.Description: Since its 2003 debut, PCI Express (PCIe) has replaced PCI and PCI-X as the expansion interface of choice for consumer market PCs. Although the older PCI specifications are still commonly used in the ...
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Industry Perspective: Ruggedized MicroTCA and AdvancedMC for Military Applications (.pdf)
Description: The PCI Industrial Computer Manufacturers Group (PICMG) ratified the specification for Micro Telecommunication Computing Architecture (MicroTCA*) in July 2006. Incorporating the Advanced Mezzanine ...
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KeeLoQ HCS30X, HCS200 Stand-Alone Programmer
Description: This application note describes how to implement a KEELOQ stand-alone programmer using a Microchip PIC16F84A microcontroller. The PIC16F84A is a FLASH microcontroller with 64 bytes of internal EEPROM ...
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An Integrated Fan Speed Control Solution Can Lower System Costs, Reduce Acoustic Noise, Power Consumption and Enhance System Reliability
Description: Less than six years ago, thermal cooling in the electronics arena was mainly an issue for highperformance, high-end applications, such as, military, aerospace and large-scale industrial and medical ...
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Auto-calibration of the PIC12F6XX Internal RC Oscillator to ± 1%
Description: This application note describes a technique used to calibrate the internal oscillator on the PIC12F6XX devices. This technique allows the internal oscillator to be calibrated within ± 1%. See the test ...
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Bit Banged LIN Slave Node for PIC16 & PIC18
Description: The Local Interconnect Network (LIN), as described in the LIN v1.2 specification, is a multi-layered system. The levels vary from the physical interface up to the high level application. This ...
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Designing an FCC Approved ASK rfPIC™ Transmitter
Description: This application note describes the design of a Federal Communications Commission (FCC) compliant board layout to give new radio frequency (RF) designers a head start using rfPIC transmitters such as ...
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Driving the Analog Inputs of a SAR A/D Converter
Description: Driving any A/D Converter (ADC) can be challenging if all issues and trade-offs are not well understood from the beginning. With Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADCs, the sampling speed and ...
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Implementing a LIN Slave Node on a PIC16F73
Description: This application note presents a LIN slave driver for the PIC16F73 using the standard hardware USART. There are many details to this firmware design; however, this application note focuses mainly on ...
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Implementing a LIN Slave Node on a PIC18F1320
Description: This application note presents a LIN slave driver for the PIC18F1320 using the Enhanced USART (EAUSART) module. There are many details to this firmware design; however, this application note focuses ...
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Intelligent Thermal Management Using Brushless DC Fans
Description: The brushless DC fan (BDC Fan) has become the air mover of choice in computing equipment, office automation products, home entertainment systems, and the like. Unlike conventional DC fans, the BDC fan ...
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Low Frequency Magnetic Transmitter Design
Description: Low frequency magnetic communications (LFMC) is a viable ?wireless? communications alternative to traditional radio frequency (RF) or Infrared communications. It is well suited for certain ...
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Redundant Fan Systems Using the TC647 Fan Manager
Description: Certain applications, such as file servers, require redundant cooling fans to ensure uninterrupted system service, even with cooling fan malfunctions present. Typically, such systems have a primary ...
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Remote Keyless Entry and Convenience Center Reference Design with LIN Bus Interface
Description: This Application Note describes the working of a KEELOQ® code hopping decoder implemented on a Microchip mid-range MCU (PIC16F873). The software implements a stand-alone decoder integrated with a ...
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rfPIC12F675 Transmitter Module
Description: The rfPIC12F675 is a low cost, high performance UHF short-range radio ASK transmitter design using Microchip?s rfPIC12F675K for 315 MHz and rfPIC12F675F for 433.92 MHz. The module design is suitable ...
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rfRXD0420 ASK Receiver Reference Design
Description: This application note describes a low cost, high performance UHF short-range radio ASK receiver design using the Microchip Technology rfRXD0420. The reference design is suitable for: * Wireless remote ...
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rfRXD0420 Receiver Module
Description: The rfRXD0420 Receiver Module (see Figure 1) is a low cost, high performance UHF short-range radio ASK receiver design using the Microchip Technology The module design is suitable for: ? Wireless ...
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The RS-232/DALI Bridge Interface
Description: The Digitally Addressable Lighting Interface (DALI) has emerged as a standard in Europe to address growing power issues. DALI is known as Annex E of the European electronic ballast standard EN60929 ...
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Using the TC1264 for Single-Ended SCSI Active Termination
Description: SCSI (Small Computer Interface) is a bi-directional parallel peripheral bus used in computer systems of all sizes. It is used for computer interface with peripherals such as printers, scanners, ...
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A PC-Based Development Programmer for the PIC16C84
Description: This application note describes the construction of a low cost serial programmer which uses a PC with a parallel (Centronix printer) port to control a PIC16C84. This programmer has the capability of ...
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Digital Signal Processing with the PIC16C74
Description: This application note describes the basic issues that need to be addressed in order to implement digital signal processing systems using the PIC16C74 and provides application code modules and examples ...
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Interfacing Motorola 68HC11 to Microchip's SPI Serial EEPROM
Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need non-volatile memory. Because of their ...
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Interfacing the 8051 with 2-wire Serial EEPROMs
Description: Many designers today are implementing embedded systems that require low cost non-volatile memory. Microchip has addressed this need with a full line of serial EEPROMs, in a variety of memory ...
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Secure Learning RKE Systems Using Encoders
Description: Learning capability in remote keyless entry (RKE) and remote-controlled security systems is regarded as essential by most manufacturers. The logistical problems associated with the supply of ...
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Air Flow Control Using Fuzzy Logic
Description: Fuzzy logic control can be used to implement a wide variety of intelligent functions including everything from consumer electronic goods and household appliances to auto electronics, process control, ...
