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Supplier: Massa Products Corporation
Description: Model E-188 and TR-2465 are ultrasonic air transducers that operate at frequencies of 220 kHz and 150 kHz respectively. A unique design feature results in the air transducer having a narrow directional pattern completely free of side lobes. The transducer face is
- Style / Type: Immersible / Waterproof
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Supplier: Massa Products Corporation
Description: Model E-188 and TR-2465 are ultrasonic air transducers that operate at frequencies of 220 kHz and 150 kHz respectively. A unique design feature results in the air transducer having a narrow directional pattern completely free of side lobes. The transducer face is
- Style / Type: Immersible / Waterproof
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Supplier: Massa Products Corporation
Description: The TR-89B comes in 23 kHz and 40 kHz versions, and can produce high sound pressure levels. These air transducers have an aluminum face, and are rugged and reliable.
- Style / Type: Immersible / Waterproof
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Supplier: Massa Products Corporation
Description: The TR-2436 is a 150 kHz transducer that features a plastic housing that can be waterproof when mounted in an appropriate housing.
- Style / Type: Immersible / Waterproof
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Supplier: Allen-Bradley / Rockwell Automation
Description: AIR PRESSURE SENSOR TRANSDUCER
- Device Category: Sensor
- Pressure Reading: Gauge
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Supplier: OMEGA Engineering, Inc.
Description: The unique FMA-900 air velocity transducer utilizes both a velocity sensor and a temperature sensor to accurately measure air velocity (in SFPM, standard feet per minute). The built-in temperature sensor automatically corrects the flowrate for temperature variations. Both
- Accuracy: 1.5 ±% Full Scale
- Air Velocity: Yes
- Air Velocity Range: 0.0 to 10000 SFPM
- Instrument Style: Insertion Probe Type
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Supplier: Introtek International
Description: INTROTEK® Point-Air Detection (PAD) Sensors incorporate the state-of-the-art, patented pulse-type ultrasonic circuitry. Integral to the sensor’s assembly, the Micro-Electronic Controller (MEC) features programmable algorithms for functionality control. Response times, time delays, and
- Application: Medical, Other
- Style / Type: Contact Transducer
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Supplier: TSI Incorporated
Description: The Air Velocity Transducer 8465 (windowless) is ideal for both temporary and permanent installations for air velocity measurements in research and development labs, manufacturing processes, and other applications. Model 8465 contains on-board electronics and calibration curves
- Air Velocity: Yes
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Supplier: TSI Incorporated
Description: The Air Velocity Transducer 8475 (omnidirectional) is ideal for both temporary and permanent installations for air velocity measurements in research and development labs, manufacturing processes, and other applications. This model contains on-board electronics and calibration
- Air Velocity: Yes
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Supplier: TSI Incorporated
Description: The Air Velocity Transducer 8455 (general purpose) is ideal for both temporary and permanent installations for air velocity measurements in research and development labs, manufacturing processes, and other applications. Model 8455 contains on-board electronics and calibration
- Air Velocity: Yes
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Supplier: Introtek International
Description: INTROTEK® BDC / BDR clamp-on sensors are primarily used for air bubble, air-in-line and liquid level detection on plastic tubing from 1/16" to 1" and metal tubing 1/2" and larger. Depending on customer requirements, a variety of electronic options can be chosen from. Introtek
- Application: Medical, Other
- Style / Type: Contact Transducer
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Supplier: Introtek International
Description: INTROTEK® BDF / BDP series air bubble detection sensors provide convenient free-entry ultrasonic air bubble / liquid level detection technology, while allowing for a variety of electronics options to best meet the customer's functional specifications. Introtek's patented pulse
- Application: Medical, Other
- Style / Type: Contact Transducer
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Supplier: Introtek International
Description: INTROTEK® BD8 / BD9 series air bubble detection sensors incorporate Introtek's BDF sensor and BD3 electronics technology into a compact integral package. The requirement for remote electronics is eliminated, which further increases immunity to EMI / RFI interference, while operating with
- Application: Medical, Other
- Style / Type: Contact Transducer
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Supplier: Steiner & Martins, Inc.
Description: Piezo Air Transducer 40 KHz Part Number: SMUTF40TR15B -- SIMILAR PRODUCTS Our Piezo Air Transducer is Water proof and is a Transmitter/Receiver . Housing Material: Aluminum Dimensions: 15mm Diameter Nominal frequency fr: 40 KHz Sound Pressure Level: 105 dB (1*)
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Supplier: Steiner & Martins, Inc.
Description: Piezo Air Transducer 40 KHz Part Number: SMUTF40TR15A -- SIMILAR PRODUCTS Our Piezo Air Transducer is Water proof and is a Transmitter/Receiver . Housing Material: Aluminum Dimensions: 15mm Diameter Nominal frequency fr: 40 KHz Sound Pressure Level: 105 dB (1*)
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Supplier: Steiner & Martins, Inc.
Description: Piezo Air Transducer 40 KHz Part Number: SMUTF40TR18A -- SIMILAR PRODUCTS Our Piezo Air Transducer is Water proof and is a Transmitter/Receiver . Housing Material: Aluminum Dimensions: 18mm Diameter Nominal frequency fr: 40 KHz Sound Pressure Level: 106 dB (1*)
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Supplier: Evident Scientific
Description: penetration capabilities of a lower frequency single element transducer with the near surface resolution capabilities of a higher frequency single element transducer Can be contoured to conform to curved parts Applications: Remaining wall thickness measurement
- Application: NDT - Wall / Material Thickness
- Style / Type: Dual Element
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Supplier: Evident Scientific
Description: penetration capabilities of a lower frequency single element transducer with the near surface resolution capabilities of a higher frequency single element transducer Can be contoured to conform to curved parts Applications: Remaining wall thickness measurement
- Application: NDT - Wall / Material Thickness
- Style / Type: Dual Element
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Supplier: Evident Scientific
Description: penetration capabilities of a lower frequency single element transducer with the near surface resolution capabilities of a higher frequency single element transducer Can be contoured to conform to curved parts Applications: Remaining wall thickness measurement
- Application: NDT - Wall / Material Thickness
- Style / Type: Dual Element
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Supplier: Evident Scientific
Description: penetration capabilities of a lower frequency single element transducer with the near surface resolution capabilities of a higher frequency single element transducer Can be contoured to conform to curved parts Applications: Remaining wall thickness measurement
- Application: NDT - Wall / Material Thickness
- Style / Type: Dual Element
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Supplier: Gems Sensors & Controls
Description: .25" (6.35 mm) W.C. and feature ±1% full-scale static accuracy. Primarily used in Building Energy Management these transducers are capable of measuring pressures and flows with the accuracy necessary for proper building pressurization and air flow control. 865 series transducers
- Accuracy: 0.2500 to 1 ±% FS
- Device Category: Transducer
- Electrical Output: Analog Voltage, Analog Current
- Features: Temperature Compensation
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Supplier: Stulz Air Technology Systems, Inc.
Description: STULZ-ATS Duct and Air Handler Humidifier (DAH) is designed for use with central station air handling units (AHU) and can be located conveniently in the air stream ductwork or rack mounted within the AHU itself. Serving mission critical applications and any environment where
- General Technology: Ultrasonic Transducer
- Output Capacity: 5.3 to 39.6 Pounds / Hour
- Placement: Air Handling, Other
- Power Demand: 125 to 960 watts
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Description: The High Frequency Ultrasonic Transducer generates 300 KHz high-frequency ultrasonic wave and transmits it to the air through special coupling material, which is very useful in short-range precision detection. Features: – High accuracy – Good directivity – Excellent consistency
- Application: Other
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Supplier: Airmar Technology Corporation
Description: AT120 Airducer® Transducer Airmar’s 125 kHz AT120 ultrasonic air transducer is a critical component in the development of measurement systems for liquid or solid levels, automation control, proximity sensing and obstacle avoidance. AT120’s rugged PVDF housing provides
- Application: Other
- Beam Angle: 12 degrees
- Measurement Range: 150 to 7000 mm
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Supplier: OMEGA Engineering, Inc.
Description: The IP710 series l/P transducers are a series of compact high accuracy electronic pressure regulators that convert a 4 to 20 mA signal to a proportional pneumatic output. Utilizing internal solid-state feedback circuitry, the IP710 provides precise, stable pressure outputs to final control
- Body Material: Aluminum
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/4" NPT
- Control Input: Current Control
- Maximum Air Volume: 20 SCFM
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Description: The ultrasonic transducer utilizes piezoelectric effect to convert electricity to mechanical vibration and form ultrasonic waves. Therefore no coil is contained and electromagnetic interference can be greatly reduced. The ultrasonic wave has excellent directivity and strong penetrability, and
- Application: Other
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Description: The ultrasonic transducer utilizes piezoelectric effect to convert electricity to mechanical vibration and form ultrasonic waves. Therefore no coil is contained and electromagnetic interference can be greatly reduced. The ultrasonic wave has excellent directivity and strong penetrability, and
- Application: Other
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Description: The ultrasonic transducer utilizes piezoelectric effect to convert electricity to mechanical vibration and form ultrasonic waves. Therefore no coil is contained and electromagnetic interference can be greatly reduced. The ultrasonic wave has excellent directivity and strong penetrability, and
- Application: Other
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Supplier: KANOMAX USA, INC.
Description: Selectable Output/Range, Measures clean air, non-combustible gases
- Accuracy: 3 ±% Full Scale
- Air Velocity: Yes
- Air Velocity Range: 19.69 to 9843 SFPM
- Instrument Style: Insertion Probe Type
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Supplier: ControlAir LLC
Description: Now there's a compact I/P transducer that delivers reliable high performance for the toughest applications in the most hazardous environments: the T950XP from ControlAir. The 950XP converts an electrical current signal to a stable, pneumatic output to actuate valves. Its NEMA 4X (IP65)
- Analog Gauge: Yes
- Body Material: Aluminum
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/4" NPT
- Control Input: Current Control
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Supplier: OMEGA Engineering, Inc.
Description: precision air pressure regulation to actuators, valves, positioners and other final control elements. An integral volume booster provides high flow capacity, increasing control speed in critical applications. Multiple choices for wiring and porting simplify installation and decrease the time
- Body Material: Aluminum
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/2" NPT
- Control Input: Current Control
- Maximum Air Volume: 20 SCFM
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Supplier: Ruskin Company
Description: The complete AMS unit is factory assembled and tested to provide accurate setpoint monitoring at all times. The unit comes standard with a honeycomb airflow straightener, pressure sensing station and a high performance glass-on-silicone pressure transducer. The sensing blades are extruded
- Gas Volumetric Flow Rate: 256 to 47217 SCFM
- Electrical Output: Analog Voltage
- End Fittings: Flanged
- Mounting Type: In-line
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Supplier: Marposs Corp
Description: transducers and electronic signal amplification. The signal is then converted from analog to digital directly on board the Air / Electronics converters. For tolerances <6 µm or> 60 µm, Marposs can design and provide dedicated custom made gauges. BENEFITS
- Measuring Range: 0.2480 to 0.3937 inch
- Units: Metric
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Supplier: Steiner & Martins, Inc.
Description: Piezo Air Transducer 40 KHz Part Number: SMATR10H40X80 -- SIMILAR PRODUCTS Our Piezo Air Transducer is Water proof and is a Transmitter/Receiver . Housing Material: Aluminum Dimensions: 10mm Diameter Nominal frequency fr: 40 KHz Sound Pressure Level: 100 dB (1*)
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Supplier: FLEXIM AMERICAS Corp.
Description: into a new category. The FLUXUS G601 CA Energy is the ideal tool for the operator to survey whole pressurized air infrastructures, balancing the facilities, measuring on nearly every indiviual leg, determining the efficiency of compressors and last, not least, quanitfy and
- Application: General Purpose
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Supplier: KANOMAX USA, INC.
Description: For creation of comfortable environment, space saving design
- Air Velocity: Yes
- Air Velocity Range: 20 to 394 SFPM
- Instrument Style: Insertion Probe Type
- Measures Temperature: Yes
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Supplier: ControlAir LLC
Description: The Type-9OOX l/P, E/P transducers are a series of compact electronic pressure regulators that convert an electrical signal (current or voltage) to a proportional pneumatic output. Utilizing internal solid-state feedback circuitry, the Type-9OOX provides precise, stable pressure outputs to
- Analog Gauge: Yes
- Body Material: Aluminum
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/4" NPT
- Control Input: Current Control
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Supplier: ControlAir LLC
Description: Explosion-proof housing allows it to stand up to the most hazardous and demanding applications. ControlAir’s Dahl P290 P/I transducer represents outstanding value in pneumatic to current technology. All solid state circuitry converts standard 3-15, 3-27 or 6-30 psig instrument
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/8" NPT
- Control Input: Current Control
- Explosion Proof: Yes
- Maximum Supply Pressure: 30 psi
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Supplier: Rotork plc
Description: Features Low Droop under flow conditions. Immune to Supply Pressure Change. Minimal Air Use in dead end service (.05 SCFM). High Forward and Exhaust Capacity. Output may be directly or inversely proportional to the input. Split Range
- Control Input: Voltage Control, Current Control
- Maximum Air Volume: 0.7833 SCFM
- Maximum Supply Pressure: 150 psi
- Operating Temperature: -40 to 150 F
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Supplier: Rotork plc
Description: Features Fast Response to Input Signal changes. Minimal Air Consumption. Five Input Signal Ranges. Temperature Compensation. Compact Size. Vibration Resistance. Various Mounting Configurations. NEMA 3R Enclosure
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/2" NPT
- Control Input: Voltage Control, Current Control
- Maximum Air Volume: 0.0025 SCFM
- Maximum Supply Pressure: 20 psi
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Supplier: ControlAir LLC
Description: Explosion-proof housing allows it to stand up to the most hazardous and demanding applications ControlAir’s Dahl P200 P/I transducer represents outstanding value in pneumatic to current technology. All solid state circuitry converts standard 3-15, 3-27 or 6-30 psig instrument
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/4" NPT, 1/2" NPT
- Control Input: Current Control
- Explosion Proof: Yes
- Maximum Supply Pressure: 30 psi
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Supplier: Rotork plc
Description: 7850 operates under the same basic principles as the TXI7800, yet improves upon the design. By encapsulating and otherwise protecting the critical components, Fairchild designed the Explosion proof TXI7850 I/P transducer to be highly resistant to moisture within the supply air lines.
- Body Material: Aluminum
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/2" NPT
- Control Input: Current Control
- Explosion Proof: Yes
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Description: Piezoresistive Sensor, Absolute
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Supplier: OMEGA Engineering, Inc.
Description: • Low Cost • Built-in Volume Booster • Small Size • Field Reversible • Low Air Consumption • Mounts at Any Angle • Convenient External Span and Zero Adjustment (Except for Explosion Proof Models) • Wide Supply Pressure Range • Low Supply Pressure Sensitivity • Loop Powered
- Accuracy: 0.5000 ±% FS
- Device Category: Transducer
- Media: Gas
- Pressure Reading: Gauge
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Supplier: Ruskin Company
Description: The AMS050 combines an air measuring station with an ultra low-leak, high performance control damper that is AMCA class 1A leakage certified. The complete assembly is factory assembled and tested to provide effective setpoint monitoring and adjustment. The unit comes standard with a pressure
- Gas Volumetric Flow Rate: 172 to 48031 SCFM
- Electrical Output: Analog Voltage
- End Fittings: Flanged
- Mounting Type: In-line
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Supplier: Johnson Controls, Inc.
Description: Our AD-1251 Airflow Probe includes a Differential Pressure Transducer (DPT) and is designed to provide accurate and energy efficient air flow monitoring at all times. Engineered specifically to measure air flow in duct applications, the AD-1251 functions as a differential
- Air Velocity: Yes
- Air Velocity Range: 400 to 5000 SFPM
- Instrument Style: Insertion Probe Type
- Mounting: Fixtured or Permanent
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Supplier: Gems Sensors & Controls
Description: levels of performance, reliability and stability for low pressure measurement, 3500 Series pressure transducers are answer. They are compact and feature all-316 stainless steel wetted parts at an unbeatable price performance ratio. A wide choice of electrical outputs as well as both
- Accuracy: 0.2500 ±% FS
- Device Category: Transducer
- Electrical Output: Analog Voltage, Analog Current
- Features: Temperature Compensation
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Supplier: Aries Engineering Co., Inc.
Description: design provides the greatest force per dollar invested with Aries. Standard Features: Total air/oil separation Linear force output Three moving components Internal shock pads Fill and high pressure gage couplings Hose assembly and
- Cylinder Action: Single
- Cylinder Configuration: Simple
- Cylinder Style: Tie-rod
- Mounting Options: None
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Supplier: Allied Electronics, Inc.
Description: The product is ideal for Variable Air Volume (VAV) HVAC Systems, duct static pressure measurements and modulated furnace controls and is compatible with dry air and gases. The innovative design eliminates mounting position effects found on other low-pressure differential sensors
- Device Category: Transducer
- Pressure Reading: Differential
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Supplier: Allied Electronics, Inc.
Description: The product is ideal for Variable Air Volume (VAV) HVAC Systems, duct static pressure measurements and modulated furnace controls and is compatible with dry air and gases. The innovative design eliminates mounting position effects found on other low-pressure differential sensors
- Device Category: Transducer
- Pressure Reading: Differential
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Supplier: Richardson RFPD
Description: MS4525 The MS4525 is a small, ceramic based, PCB mountedpressure transducer from TE Connectivity. The transducer isbuilt using our proprietary UltraStable process and the latestCMOS sensor conditioning circuitry to create a low cost, highperformance transducer designed to meet
- Device Category: Transducer
- Pressure Reading: Absolute, Differential, Gauge, Compound
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Supplier: PMC Engineering LLC
Description: The KAP Series of cost effective high performance pressure transducers have been designed for dynamic pressure measurements using a Pitot tube in demanding motorsport and automotive applications. The transducers offer a high level of reliability and endurance, they are protected
- Accuracy: 0.5000 ±% FS
- Device Category: Transducer
- Electrical Output: Analog Voltage
- Features: Temperature Compensation
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Supplier: Rotork plc
Description: output pressure by exhausting air supplied through an Orifice. This Sapphire Ball acts as a piston exerting a force which is balanced against the force transferred to the Flexure Arm by the Coil. The Booster Section amplifies the output pressure of the transducer.
- Connection / Pipe Size: 1/2" NPT
- Control Input: Voltage Control, Current Control
- Maximum Air Volume: 0.2500 SCFM
- Maximum Supply Pressure: 20 psi
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Supplier: Transcat, Inc.
Description: Product Highlights Service: Oil free, clean dry air filtered to 40 microns. Input Signal: 4-20 mA. Input Impedance: IP-42: 180 ohms; IP-43 and IP-44: 220 ohms. Air Pressure: Minimum: 3 psig (21 kPa) above maximum output; Maximum: 100 psig (700 k
- Device Category: Transducer
- Pressure Reading: Gauge
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Supplier: Proportion-Air, Inc.
Description: , less than 10ms. There are no moving parts and it is immune to vibration. It is an ideal flow transducer where real time flow measurement is critical to a process. Analog outputs of 0-10Vdc and 4-20mA are available. Flow transducer ranges up to 250 SCFM and as low as 20 SCFH. It can
- Gas Volumetric Flow Rate: 20 to 250 SCFM
- Electrical Output: Analog Current, Analog Voltage
- End Fittings: Threaded
- Media Temperature: 32 to 122 F
Find Suppliers by Category Top
Featured Products Top
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Industry-Leading Performance for Level Sensing, Proximity Detection, Open Channel Flow, Obstacle Avoidance and More Airmar Technology is world-renowned for producing the most reliable and high-performing ultrasonic air transducers for use in many of (read more)
Browse Level Sensors Datasheets for Airmar Technology Corporation -
Industry-Leading Performance for Level Sensing, Proximity Detection, Automation Control, Obstacle Avoidance and More Airmar Technology is world-renowned for producing the most reliable and high-performing ultrasonic air transducers for use in many of (read more)
Browse Proximity Sensors Datasheets for Airmar Technology Corporation -
environments sensitive to noise such as intensive care. Contactless Flow Measurement with Piezo Transducers Controlling and monitoring of gas flows are the main tasks in medical ventilators. They enable a continuous air flow, but also detect drops in the flow rate, to adapt (read more)
Browse Piezoelectric Sensors Datasheets for PI (Physik Instrumente) L.P. -
Miniature LVDT Displacement Transducers RDP's D5/D6 and GT series displacement transducers are ideal for positioning and gauging applications where (read more)
Browse Linear Position Sensors Datasheets for RDP Electrosense -
LVDT Displacement, Load Cells And Pressure Sensors Menu of Displacement Transducers Signal Conditioning (read more)
Browse Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT) Datasheets for RDP Electrosense -
Langevin Transducers PI now offers new solutions for customers looking for power ultrasonic transducers, such as Langevin (read more)
Browse Ultrasonic Transducers Datasheets for PI (Physik Instrumente) L.P. -
Small Diameter LVDT Displacement Transducers RDP's D5/D6 and GT series displacement transducers are ideal for positioning and gauging applications where space is (read more)
Browse Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT) Datasheets for RDP Electrosense -
New ranges for small diameter displacement transducers RDP's D5/D6 and GT series displacement transducers are ideal for positioning and gauging applications where space is restricted and (read more)
Browse Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT) Datasheets for RDP Electrosense -
New ranges for small diameter displacement transducers Small size and micron accuracy are ideal for assembly equipment, machine tool, materials testing, gauging and component inspection applications. RDP's LVDTs offer reliable solutions for (read more)
Browse Linear Variable Differential Transformers (LVDT) Datasheets for RDP Electrosense -
Gauge Computer Software making system integration simple. Attention to detail in both design and manufacture of the displacement sensor ensures precision measurement throughout the linear displacement transducer's life. Solartron (read more)
Browse Data Input Modules Datasheets for Ametek Solartron Metrology
Conduct Research Top
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High-Quality Piezo Sound Transducers for the A380 Airbus
Flying may once have been a privilege of the gods but today, traveling by air is taken for granted. The motto is larger, faster, and further but also safety first. Whatever component used in an airplane must be "airworthy" which means reliable, durable, and as light and small as possible. This also
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Air-Coupled Acoustics: Sound PAT for Tablet Characterization
, an air-coupled transducer, a laser interferometer, a vibrometer controller and a digitizing oscilloscope, as well as a vacuum handling apparatus consisting of a vacuum wand and a vacuum pump with a suction power of ~30 kPa. The instrumentation diagram of the acoustic excitation and interferometric detection
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Measuring Static Overpressures in Air Blast Environments
. overpressure in an air blast is extremely challenging. Pressure rise. times can be sub-microsecond, demanding extremely highfrequency. response from the measuring pressure transducers and. their associated signal conditioning.
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Sensing Digital Objects in the Air: Ultraleap Introduces New Technology
Ultraleap produces ultrasonic transducers that enable haptics without devices. Users can feel virtual objects in the air and interact with them through hand gestures. The hardware required for this is now being upgraded to make it much more efficient and suitable for mass production.
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Capacity & Consumption
When it comes to selecting an electronic to pneumatic (E/P) transducer, the type of input and the pressure range of the output are the most common selection criteria considered. There are a couple of other specifications that are worth reviewing to select the best transducer for the job
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Delay Time Measurement with Ultrasonic Sensors
Many industrial ultrasonic sensors are based on the delay time measurement. As has been mentioned in the introduction, the "measurement representation" thereby is the propagation velocity of the sound in the air, which is 330 m/s under normal conditions. The sensors utilized for these functions
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Unified Optical Scanning Technology - Preface
arts and sounds, utilizing an arranged timed series of pixels, pels, or voxels. This temporal factor is of basic interest, for it allows (via the optical/electrical transducer --modulator and detector), efficient electronic processing. It is because of this fundamental flexibility that optical
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Effects of Ultrasonics on Health
energy is the ultrasonic transducer: a linear motor that converts electrical energy to reciprocating mechanical motion similar to a high-speed hammer. The motion occurs at a rate of 20,000 strokes or more per second, and is above the hearing range of the average person. The ultrasonic mechanical
More Information Top
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Ultrasonic Nondestructive Evaluation Systems
1994) Micromachined 1-3 composites for ultrasonic air transducers .
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High transduction Piezoelectric transducers and introduction of Non-Contact analysis
Researchers at Kingston and Stanford Universities have successfully produced micro-machined capacitance air transducers with frequencies as high as 11MHz (17,18).
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Characterization of air-coupled transducers
Despite the obvious measurement difficulties, good agreement between theory and experiment was observed and the methodology is shown to provide a convenient and robust procedure for comparison of through- air transducers operating in the frequency range 50 KHz to 2 MHz.
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Acoustic impedance matching of piezoelectric transducers to the air
[9] M. I. Haller and B. T. Khuri-Yakub, “Micromachined 1-3 com- posites for ultrasonic air transducers ,” Rev. Sci. Instrum., vol.
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Single Sided Inspection of Composite Materials Using Air Coupled Ultrasound
M. I. Haller and B. T. Khuri-Yakub, A surface micro machined electrostatic ultrasonic air transducer , Proc. IEEE Ultrason. Symp. 2:1241-1244(1994).
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http://www.ndt.net/article/ultragarsas/Vol.64-No.1-2009_04-Vladisauskass.pdf
Haller M. I., Khuri – Yakub B. T. Micromachined 1 – 3 composite for ultrasonic air transducers .
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https://bora.uib.no/bitstream/handle/1956/7164/109343561.pdf?sequence=1
[15] J. Hietanen and M. Oksanen, “Photoacoustic testing of ultrasonic air transducers ”, Measurement Science and Technology 5(8), 960 (1994).
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Squirter, Roller Probe, and Air-Coupled Ultrasonic Transducer Techniques for Low Frequency Inspection of Advanced Composites Materials
Chou, P. Parent, and G. S. Kino, " A New Design for Air Transducers , Proceedings 1988 IEEE Ultrasonics Symposium, Vol. 1, pp. 503-506, IEEE Cat.