-
New OSHA Standard for Exposure to Hexavalent Chromium
OSHA recently announced a new standard for exposure to hexavalent chromium, published on February 28, 2006 and effective 90-days from publication. Hexavalent chromium is used in electroplating, stainless steel production and in paints and pigments. Airborne exposures are possible
-
Control of Hexavalent Cr in Welding Fume (.pdf)
This particular study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Sentry Air Systems welding fume extractor (Model 300-WFE) when employed to collect fume created by inert-gas welding on 316 stainless steel. The specific purpose of the study was to monitor hexavalent chromium (Cr+6), a human
-
Control Systems for Personal Monitoring Pumps
the full potential of today's personal sampling pumps. Most personal monitoring pumps today utilize constant flow control in high flow personal sampling applications (1 to 4 LPM) as in the sampling protocols for total and respirable dust, asbestos fibers and fumes of heavy metals like lead and chromium
-
MICRO: Behind the Mask -Chen (April 2000)
MoSi's optical properties are significantly different from conventional chromium (Cr)-based materials, special MoSi defect inspection and characterization are necessary. Since the partial transmittance of PSMs may also affect inspection tool sensitivity, it is important to characterize
-
MICRO: Critical Materials Delivery
etchant system was contributing potassium, iron, nickel, and chromium to the chemical-distribution system. A root-cause analysis showed that the etchant was being contaminated by a variety of CDU components, such as valves, pumps, and conductivity meters. By performing pre- and postfiltration
-
MICRO: Behind the Mask- Kasprowiez (Feb 2000)
of shifting the phase of stepper illumination is an optical phenomenon. When these masks are measured using optical tools, there is constructive and destructive interference that differs from the type of interference caused by pure diffraction associated with standard, binary chromium photomasks
-
Electroplating: Solution Concentration Monitoring and Control
, Nickel, Chromium, Cadmium, and Cobalt. It is also excellent for monitoring total solids. By installing optek sensors in strategic locations in the process, the electroplater can greatly improve batch to batch quality, reduce the number of reject parts, improve chemical and effluent management
-
Field-testing For Environmental Pollutants Using Briefcase Sized Portable LIBS System
(Pb), Cadmium (Cd),. Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As),. Beryllium (Be), Mercury (Hg),. Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni) and. Antimony (Sb) can lead to long-. term health consequences, for. these elements have exhibited a. propensity to accumulate in the. human body, causing irreversible. damage. Unfortunately