Laser Cooling Nitrogen

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• Laser Beam Welding
  is possible since they can be efficiently cooled. In contrast, cooling the solid state YAG laser crystal is difficult and critical. Considerable design attention is directed towards cooling, excitation lamps, their reflectors, cavity shape, materials, plating of reflectors, lens anti-reflection...
• The Progress of Industrial Laser Marking (.pdf)
  Laser markers were once bulky machines that required constant maintenance to replace coolant and lamps. They consumed enough energy to power a small household and were used mostly to mark product packaging and metal components. The design and capabilities of marking systems have come a long way...
• The Role of Assist Gases in Laser Processing (.pdf)
  material has well-documented shielding gas requirements based on arc welding, which can. usually be applied to laser welding. The primary role of the gas is oxidation protection by shielding the. molten pool with inert (argon) or pseudo-inert gases (nitrogen). Occasionally, the gas or gas combinations...
• Realizing Chillers' Capabilities in Laboratories (.pdf)
  for instrumen-. watch. Enter these three numbers into the. internal or external pressure reducer should. tation cooling. formula to determine the amount of heat. be used to reduce the fluid pressure so the. contained in the cooling water. This is how. glassware is not damaged. include the laser tube...
• Product Technology News
  NovaLine excimer lasers feature a metal/ceramic laser tube that does not require cryogenic cooling and a solid-state halogen generator that eliminates the storage and handling of noxious gases. An internal computer provides diagnostic information. Suitable for use in sub-0.25-um wafer processing...
• MICRO:Product Technology News (Oct. '98, p.110)
  characterizes ultrathin films and film stacks at a thickness accuracy of +-0.5 A. Tool-to-tool matching throughout the fab is +-0.1 A for films 100 A thick. The system incorporates a proprietary ellipsometer that combines multiple angle of incidence data acquisition and multiple laser wavelengths to measure...
• MICRO:Product Technology News (March 2001)
  or temperature set point and features steady-state control within +-1 C. No external element cooling is required. It also offers faster response and better process control than immersion-style heaters. The HPS metal etch trap removes by-products from metal etch lines before they reach a dry pump, without...
• MICRO:January 1998:Product Technology News
  combines all the features of a fan-powered filter module with a totally self-contained air conditioner. The unit fits into a standard 2 x 4-ft T-bar ceiling and contains all components in one package, including filter, blower, cooling coil, cooling fan, condenser coil, compressor, refrigerant piping...
• MICRO:Product Technology News (May '99)
  and chamber cleanliness for high yields. It is capable of forming gas, nitrogen, or vacuum levels 0.01 mtorr. The choice of atmospheres accommodates a range of processes, including low oxygen concentration. The atmospheres can also shorten both heating and cooling cycles. Magnet field strength...
• MICRO:Product Technology News (Oct '99)
  Matrix S200 metrology systems for CMP and etch provide application-specific sets of metrology techniques. The S200 CMP system has a 5 ' 10-mm-spot, 633-nm HeNe laser ellipsometer for measuring on-product substrate n and k and a 2.5-mm-spot, 470 905-nm reflectometer for measuring film thickness...

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