Topographic Image

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• Hitachi Backscatter Detector for S-3000 Series SEMs
  The backscattered electron image contains two types of information: compositional and topographic. To separate the two types of information, the Hitachi four segment semiconductor detector has the capabilities of summing the four segment's output signal giving a compositional image, or subtracting the segment's...
• NASA's Hubble Space Telescope To Monitor Changes On Mars
  expedition to the red planet. Preliminary observations, made with the HST's Planetary Camera, yield the sharpest images (.2 arc second) of Mars ever taken from Earth. They show clearly Martian atmospheric features, as well as surface and topographic details ranging from large impact basins down to surface...
• X-ray Imaging
  and x-ray topographic imaging can also be useful in determining crystal quality for semiconductor manufacturing processing....
• Microstructural Characterization of Thin Film Photovoltaics using Electron Backscatter Diffraction (.pdf)
  that the surface. atomic configuration as defined by the crystal ographic orientation helps determine the localized. work function. Figure 3 - Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy measurement of a CGS film showing (a) topographic image with facets. (b). Representation of the measured work function with crystal ographic...
• MICRO:July/August 98:Product Technology News
  Made for use with sub-0.25-um processes, the SEMVision in-line microscope automatically classifies up to 300 defects per hour. The system uses a proprietary technology to provide enhanced topographic information and automatic classification of defects into types closely linked to their source...
• Hubble Reveals Surface of Pluto for First Time
  Pluto's surface detected in the Hubble images may potentially be caused by such topographic features as basins and fresh impact craters (as found on Earth's Moon). However, most of the surface features unveiled by Hubble are likely produced by the complex distribution of frosts that migrate across...
• LVDT Use in a Scanning Laser Tomography Instrument
  of an Other topographic features inspected by this system include. airstream for imaging and measurement of retinal topography. macula holes, tumors, edema and more. The software offers. The light probe is nearly undetectable by the patient and images eight different color scales, ten image enhancement...
• MICRO:January 1998:Product Technology News
  wafer analysis. The electron column s balanced-field, in-lens detection provides topographic detail in three dimensions, down hole visibility, and enhanced grain boundary imaging. The operator can switch between field-free and immersion modes. The former provides large-area, low-magnification images...
• Major Greenland Glacier, Once Stable, Now Shrinking Dramatically
  of the ice to gauge conditions within the glacier. Scientists believe that Jakobshavn remained unchanged until 1900, when the ice surface near the calving front began lowering by 2.5 meters (about 8 feet) per year on average. According to the new data collected by NASA's Airborne Topographic Mapper...
• Characterizing Fracture Surfaces with Dual EDS Detectors (.pdf)
  . indicate areas where the element is not present. Figure 6 shows an example for two elements: copper. and silicon. Figure 7 ­ Maximum signal EDS maps for Cu and Si from the fracture surfaces. However, this map still has effects of topography in it. The mid-toned areas may be due to topographic...

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