From Skyworks Solutions, Inc.

The IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2003 [2] sets the requirements for the -85 dBm one percent
packet error ratio (PER) minimum sensitivity. The 2.4 GHz receiver link uses offset
quadrature phase-shift keying (O-QPSK) modulation with direct sequence spreading
spectrum (DSSS) techniques. The main benefit of DSSS systems is to provide substantial
immunity to narrow band interference because the signal energy is spread over a wide
bandwidth. Beyond the IEEE Std 802.15.4TM-2003, using different spreading factors
(e.g., 8, 4, 2, or 1) can also provide an efficient way to achieve a multi-user configurable
data rate system.

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RF Upconverters and RF Downconverters
RF upconverters and RF downconverters are integrated assemblies that convert microwave signals to another frequency range for further processing. Generally, they are designed to produce an output signal frequency for a particular frequency band.
RF Frequency Converters
RF frequency converters are integrated component assemblies required for converting microwave signals to lower (or intermediate) or higher frequency range for further processing.  
RF Filters and Microwave Filters
RF filters and microwave filters are devices that pass or reject signals by frequency. Basic types include bandpass filters, band reject filters, low pass filters, and high pass filters.
RF Band Pass Filters
RF band pass filters are active or passive circuits that pass signals from a specific frequency band and reject signals from out-of-band frequencies. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters, crystal filters, and cavity filters are types of band pass filters.

Topics of Interest

3.1 Principles of Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum A direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) signal is created by modulating a transmitted signal with a defined sequence of bits having a shorter...

3.3 Tracking There are two aspects to tracking: carrier tracking and code tracking. Phase-shift keying demodulation requires a frequency lock or a phase lock of the received carrier, or intermediate...

In radio frequency applications there are many techniques to choose from: Carrier-Present Carrier-Absent (CPCA) Gaussian Minimized Shift Keying (GMSK) Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) Phase Shift Keying...

Chapter List Chapter 5: Modulation Techniques Chapter 6: The Wi-Fi Standards Spelled Out Overview Equipment that adheres to the specifications as set out in the 802.11 series of...

Modulation Modulation is the process of changing the amplitude, frequency, or phase of a radio frequency carrier signal (a carrier) to change with the information signal (such as voice or data). The...