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Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)
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Lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) compositions were developed for moderate power applications. PLZT compositions have a low loss tangent resulting in low power losses as well as high distortion constant and high curie point. PLZT's properties are desirable for ultrasonic applications - cleaners and other cavitation products as well as acoustic projectors. PLZT materials are modified with La or Nb additions to form Lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) or Niobium modified lead zirconate titanate (PNZT) materials. The La or Nb additions counteract the natural p-type conductivity and raise the resistivity. These additives also enhance domain reorientation resulting in square hysteresis loops, low coercivity, higher coupling factors and reduced aging. Applied in high sensitivity applications such as hydrophones, sounders and loudspeakers. Products & Services
Piezoelectric ceramics produce an electrical charge when a load is applied and deformation occurs. Piezoelectric ceramics can also produce force or deformation when an electrical charge is applied.
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Dielectric ceramics and substrates are electrical insulators with dielectric strength, dielectric constant and loss tangent values tailored for specific device applications.
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Ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) chips have memory cells that contain a specific ferroelectric material such as a crystal of zirconium or titanium, or oxygen and lead. FRAM memory is much faster than Flash memory.
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Ceramic powders and precursors contain oxides, carbides, nitrides, carbon, and other non-metals. They are usually micron or mesh-size in distribution. Ceramic powders, sol-gel solutions and precursors are fabricated through atomization, crushing, milling, precipitation, and other chemical processes.
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Electroceramics are ceramic materials that have been specially formulated for specific electrical, electro-magnetic, or optical properties. They include dielectric ceramics, electrostrictive ceramics, ferrite ceramics, garnets (ferromagnets), and piezoelectric ceramics.
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Topics of Interest
Lanthanum modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) materials are formed by adding La ions to a PZT composition. The La additions counteract the natural p-type conductivity and raise the resistivity.
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Barium titanate (BaTiO3) is a compound consisting of titanium, oxygen and an additional cation: barium. Barium titanates are commonly used for their specialized dielectric or piezoelectric...
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PZN ceramics have high coefficients of electrostrictive and dielectric constants. They are used in the production of hydrophones, actuators, receivers, projectors, sonar transducers, integrated...
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Lead magnesium niobate (PMN) materials are magnesium modified lead niobate compositions, which have low aging, superior coupling, high dielectric constant and a high charge constant. Lead magnesium...
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4.10.1.3 Phased Array Developments After the pioneering work identified in Section 4.10.1, more recent development merits review. Figure 4.29c illustrates...
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