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Normalizing
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Normalizing is a common heat treatment for improving the strength and ductility of ferrous alloys. Normalizing anneal decreases pearlite interlamellar spacing and refines grain size. The normalizing process consists of austenization followed by air cooling. The process consists of heating steels at ~100° F into the fully austenite phase region (area of the iron-carbon phase diagram where alloy is 100% austenite), holding at temperature, and then cooling in air. This heat treat operation is used to erase previous heat treating results in carbon steels or low alloy steels, and to produce a uniform grain structure in forged and cold worked steel parts. Products & Services
Heat treating services perform thermal treatments to modify the properties of metals and metal alloys. Common processes include annealing, austempering, case hardening, conventional hardening, homogenizing, hot isostatic pressing (HIP), martempering, normalizing, precipitation hardening, shot peening, solution treating, spheroidizing, stabilizing, and stress relieving.
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Ferrous metals and alloys are based on iron and include carbon steels, alloy steels, stainless steels, cast iron, cast steel, maraging steel, and specialty or proprietary iron-based alloys.
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Learn more about Ferrous Metals and Iron Alloys
Carbon steels and alloy steels are ferrous alloys that contain carbon and other alloying elements such as manganese, chromium, molybdenum, and nickel.
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Metal balls and spherical shapes are used as check or ball valves, bearings, or other applications. Metal bearing balls are precision ground for ball bearings or other motion systems.
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Learn more about Metal Balls
Tool steels are wear resistant ferrous alloys based on iron and carbon with high levels of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and vanadium.
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Topics of Interest
3.6 FERRITE PEARLITE STEELS
A very high proportion of the steels used in industry has a ferrite-pearlite structure. These include a wide range of plain carbon steels where alloying additions are...
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Heat treating processes include annealing, tempering, and patenting. Annealing heats and holds a material at a suitable temperature, and then cools the material at a suitable rate to reduce hardness,...
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3.5 THE AUSTENITE-PEARLITE REACTION
Pearlite is probably the most familiar microstructural feature in the whole science of metallography (Figs 3.14a, b). It was discovered by Sorby over 120 years...
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5.1 INTRODUCTION
The quenching to room temperature of austenite in a steel can lead to the formation of martensite, a very hard phase in which the carbon, formerly in solid solution in the...
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Austempering quenches cast iron or carbon steel above the austenite transformation ranges in a medium with a high enough rate of heat transfer to prevent the transformation of high temperature...
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