Combi chips are plastic smart cards with a central processing unit (CPU), chip operating system (COS), security module and memory embedded in the surface as an IC chip. They incorporate both contact and contactless functions. A single chip can serve as an ID, be used in place of cash, and pay for public transportation among many other applications. In short, users only have to carry one card. Since these contactless combi chips do not require a reader, they are composed of a serial interface for the computer and an antenna to connect to the card. Readers for contactless smart cards may or may not have a slot, as some smart cards can be read when within 1.5 meters of the reader, while others need to be positioned a few millimeters from the reader to be read accurately.
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