Signal distortion is measured by spectrum analyzers and signal analyzers. In communications, distortion must be measured for both the transmitter and receiver. Excessive harmonic distortion at a transmitter's output can interfere with other communication bands. In a receiver, the pre-amplification stages must be free of intermodulation distortion to prevent signal crosstalk. An example of this problem is how the intermodulation of cable TV carriers moves down the trunk of the distribution system and distorts other channels on the same cable. Common measurements for signal distortion include intermodulation, harmonics, and spurious emissions.
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