Appendix C: Data and Information for Engineering Materials

Ferrous

• Cast irons

Automotive parts, engine blocks, machine tool structural parts, lathe beds

• High carbon steels

Cutting tools, springs, bearings, cranks, shafts, railway track

• Medium carbon steels

General mechanical engineering (tools, bearings, gears, shafts, bearings)

• Low carbon steels

Steel structures ("mild steel") bridges, oil rigs, ships; reinforcement for concrete; automotive parts, car body panels; galvanized sheet; packaging (cans, drums)

• Low alloy steels

Springs, tools, ball bearings, automotive parts (gears connecting rods, etc.)

• Stainless steels

Transport, chemical and food processing plant, nuclear plant, domestic ware (cutlery, washing machines, stoves), surgical implements, pipes, pressure vessels, liquid gas containers

Non-ferrous

• Aluminum alloys

• • Casting alloys

Automotive parts (cylinder blocks), domestic appliances (irons)

• • Non-heat-treatable alloys

Electrical conductors, heat exchangers, foil, tubes, saucepans, beverage cans, lightweight ships, architectural panels

• • Heat-treatable alloys

Aerospace engineering, automotive bodies and panels, lightweight structures and ships

• Copper alloys

Electrical conductors and wire, electronic circuit boards, heat exchangers, boilers, cookware, coinage, sculptures

• Lead alloys

Roof and wall cladding, solder, X-ray shielding, battery electrodes

• Magnesium alloys

Automotive castings, wheels, general lightweight castings for transport, nuclear fuel containers; principal alloying addition to aluminum alloys

• Nickel alloys

Gas turbines and jet engines, thermocouples, coinage; alloying addition to austenitic stainless steels

• Titanium alloys

Aircraft turbine blades; general structural aerospace applications; biomedical implants.

• Zinc alloys

Die castings...