From Additive Migration from Plastics into Foods: A Guide for Analytical Chemists
This chapter is reviews the legislation pertaining to the use of additives in foodgrade plastics in various countries. The legislation is reviewed and also the method of its implementation and the procedure that must be followed by anyone who wishes to seek approval for the use of any polymer or additive in applications involving contact with foodstuffs and in the packaging of other materials involving contact with humans, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.
The situation in member states of the European Union (EU) and the USA is reviewed in some detail.
The situation in the following countries is reviewed more briefly: Austria and East Europe, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Japan and Latin America.
The harmonisation of legislation in the EU is proceeding steadily. The Council of Europe has tended to concentrate its efforts on intrinsic toxicity of additives The EU has been studying the legal aspects of the harmonisation of legislation since 1963 and has also been studying migration of additives.
16.1 Regulatory System in the European Union
The Commission of European Communities (EEC) has compiled a number of Directives relating to plastics used in food contact applications. The Framework Directive 76/893/EEC was issued in 1976 and a new Framework Directive 89/109/ EEC which governs all food contact materials was issued in 1989. In 1990 a Plastics Directive 90/128/EEC [1] was issued to be followed by several amendments, the fourth amendment being issued in March 1996 and the fifth in December 1996.
In 2002, Directive 2002/72/EEC [2] was issued.
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