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Field Comparison Testing of Septic Tank Designs
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Field Comparison Testing of Septic Tank Designs
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From Waterloo Biofilter Systems Inc.
About 30% of all sewage generated in North America passes through septic tanks, but there is a lack of study to improve these important treatment vessels, and there is no performance-based standard. A survey of existing literature shows that septic tank effluent quality is improved in tanks designed for quiet, laminar fluid-flow and minimum ‘dead space’ such as in longer, narrower tanks. A correlation is suggested between formation of unwanted heavy scum and the presence of tank airspace where vegetative molds live and trap rising sludge particles. The presence of partitions with small orifices worsens effluent quality by setting up turbulent flow and short-circuiting between orifice and outlet, as seen in dye and surrogate solids testing.
Side-by-side testing at the Massachusetts Buzzards Bay Test Facility of a prescribed 1500 gallon single-compartment tank and a long, shallow, flooded tank with no airspace confirms that airspace and shorter flow length are not advantages in septic tank design. During normal testing conditions in the 14 month Study 1 dosed at 750 gpd, the flooded tank performed better in organics removal (~23% better cBOD removal in summer; ~6% in winter) and in solids removal (~30% better TSS in summer; ~18% in winter). Stress tests with heavy laundry detergent added lessened that differential. Over the first 7 winter months of ongoing Study 2 dosed at 660 gpd the flooded tank had both cBOD & TSS removal rates of 30-35% better than the prescribed tank. Solids accumulation was higher in the conventional tank (average 54%) compared to the flooded tank (25%) in both studies.
Products & Services
Grinder pumps shred solids and raise sewage to a higher elevation through pressure sewers. They shred sewage discharge into a finely ground slurry that can be sent through a small-diameter pressure pipe.
Sequencing batch reactors (SBR) are fill-and-draw activated sludge systems for wastewater treatment. Wastewater is added to a single "batch" reactor, treated to remove undesirable components, and then discharged.
Clarifiers and screens are used to remove solids from liquids through gravity settling or a mechanical screening process.
Aerators are devices that bring air into contact with water, often by spraying water through air or bubbling air through water.
Condensate pumps are used to collect and transport condensate back into a steam system for reheating and reuse, or to remove unwanted condensate from an HVAC or appliance collection pan.
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