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Chapter 3: Design of Gravity Flow Pipes
By A. P. Moser
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From Buried Pipe Design, 2nd Edition
OverviewDesign methods which are used to determine an installation design for buried gravity flow pipes are described in this chapter. Soil types and their uses in pipe embedment and backfill are discussed. Design methods are placed in two general classes rigid pipe design and pressure pipe design. Pipe performance limits are given, and recommended safety factors are reviewed. The finite element method for design of buried piping systems is relatively new. The use of this powerful tool is increasing with time. A detailed discussion of this method is included. SoilsThe importance of soil density (compaction) and soil type in contributing to buried pipe performance has long been recognized by engineers. The pipe-zone backfill, which is often referred to as the soil envelope around the pipe, is most important. An introduction and a brief discussion of embedment soils are presented in Chap. 1. In this chapter, additional information on soil classification and soil-pipe interaction is provided. Soil ClassesProfessor Arthur Casagrande proposed a soil classification system for roads and airfields in the early 1940s. This system, now called the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), has been adopted by many groups and agencies, including the Army Corps of Engineers and the Bureau of Reclamation. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) version of the USCS is entitled "Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes" and carries the designation D 2487. The USCS is based on the textural characteristics for those soils with a small amount of fines such that the...
Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2001 under license agreement with Books24x7
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Pipe hangers and pipe supports include clevis hangers, beam clamps, pipe clamps, brackets, pipe straps and other accessories that hold pipes in place.
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Geotechnical engineering services includes soil, rock and subsurface testing and analysis for site feasibility, foundations, embankments, pavements, retention structures, and other earthworks projects.
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Pipe liners are used to prevent leakage or infiltration in pipes and piping systems.
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Culverts are devices used to allow flow of water beneath roads and access points were passage is necessary.
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Pipe markers are labels affixed to pipes to alert workers of the contents.
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Topics of Interest
Overview
The design methods for buried pressure pipe installations are some-what similar to the design methods for gravity pipe installations which were discussed in Chap. 3. There are two major...
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Under vertical earth loads, buried flexible conduits deflect downward vertically and
outward horizontally, thereby mobilizing passive lateral soil support for the pipe,
which in turn precludes...
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Overview
The following notation is used in this chapter:
Symbol
Definition
C c
Compression index (soil compressibility, Table 5.4)
C c
Coefficient of...
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The behavior of pipe-soil systems is controlled by two parameters: the hoop stiffness
parameter SH; and the bending stiffness parameter SB. These are both ratios of the
soil stiffness to the pipe...
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Soil Classification
Any system of soil classification involves grouping the different soil types into categories that possess similar properties and, in so doing, providing the engineer with a...
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