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CALCIUM CARBONATE CELLULOSE NITRATE

By James G. Speight
From Chemical and Process Design Handbook

CALCIUM CARBONATE CELLULOSE NITRATE

CALCIUM CARBONATE

Calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) occurs naturally as calcite (density: 2.7), a widely distributed mineral. Calcite is a common constituent of sedimentary rocks, as a vein mineral, and as deposits from hot springs and in caves as stalactites and stalagmites. Calcite is white or colorless through shades of gray, red, yellow, green, blue, violet, brown, or even black when charged with impurities; streaked, white; transparent to opaque. It may occasionally show phosphorescence or fluorescence.

Calcium carbonate is one of several important inorganic chemicals (Fig. 1) and is widely used in both its pure and its impure states. As marble chips, it is sold in many sizes as a filler for artificial stone, for the neutralization of acids, and for chicken grit. Marble dust is employed in abrasives and in soaps. Crude, pulverized limestone is used in agriculture to sweeten soils, and pulverized arid levigated limestone is used to replace imported chalk and whiting.

Starting material

Reactant or process

Primary product

Reactant or process

Secondary products

Sulfur

Contact process

Sulfuric acid

Aluminum sulfate

Wet process

Phosphoric acid

Ammonium sulfate

Air

Liquefaction

Liquid nitrogen

Ammonia

Nitric acid

Ammonium nitrate

Liquefaction

Liquid oxygen

Methane

Steam reforming

Synthesis gas

Haber process

Ammonia

Nitric acid

Ammonium nitrate

Urea

Calcium carbonate

Calcining

Carbon dioxide
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Garnet, Emery, and Mineral Abrasives
Garnet, emery and mineral abrasives include mined grains such as pumice, carborundum, natural diamond, tripoli, rouge, staurolite, novaculite, silica and other silicate minerals.
Chemical Water Treatment Equipment
Chemical Water Treatment Equipment mitigates the formation of scale, calcium carbonate deposits, in process water systems such as cooling towers, boilers and heat exchangers by controlled chemical addition and system monitoring.
Minerals, Aggregates, and Sands
Minerals, aggregates and sands consist of bulk or particulate forms of silicates, clays, calcium carbonate, wollastonite, aggregates and other additives used to extend, fill, strengthen or modify plastics, coatings, adhesives, and other materials.
Ion Exchange Resins
Ion exchange resins are typically porous, cross-linked polystyrene beads that trap ions (iron, manganese, etc.) in a solution, usually water, while releasing (or exchanging) other ions (sodium, etc.). They are used to reduce water hardness.
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