Introduction

Overview

A network is a collection of objects that are interconnected and that transfer information. A network can consist of people, telephones, televisions, radios, computers, etc. The network enables the transfer of information between people and devices.

The objects can be close or far apart. The information can be voice, data, e-mail, video, or any combination of these elements. The information can also be moved over a variety of physical transmission media by using a variety of protocols.

Networks are designed to meet current and future needs of customers in a cost-effective manner. Networks tend to be classified by business segment (e.g., local telephone service, long-distance service, cable television, cellular service, paging service, Personal Communications Services or PCS, and LMDS). Traditional distinctions between local and long-distance providers or cellular and PCS providers are diminishing. The driving force behind the growth and changes in the network in the United States is the Telecommunications Act of 1996, which attempted to stimulate competition among service providers by reducing regulatory barriers. The Act was signed into law on February 8, 1996. The Act s profound impact on the U.S. telecommunications industry can be characterized by mergers, consolidation, and diversification. Once considered unimaginable, Local Exchange Carriers (LECs) are offering Internet access and cable TV; long-distance service providers are entering the local exchange carrier business and cable TV business; and cable TV providers are offering subscribers wireline telephony. The local exchange carriers are today entering the long-distance market. The lines of business and technical distinction...