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From Veeco Instruments
Since atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides the ability to investigate surface structure at nanometerto-subangstrom resolution in ambient and liquid environments, it has been used routinely over the past two decades in many scientific fields. Indeed, AFM has contributed to ground-breaking research in the investigation of DNA, proteins, and cells in biological studies; structure and component distribution in polymer science; piconewton force interactions and surfactant behavior in colloid science; and physical/mechanical properties and fabrication variables in the material sciences. Pharmaceutical research often consists of a combination of these scientific branches, making it a particularly viable field for the application of AFM. The ability of AFM to provide high-resolution, three-dimensional surface structure, regardless of sample conductivity, makes it a powerful complement to other common analytical techniques currently available. This application note examines how AFM has been applied to pharmaceutical research studies of drug interactions and disease mechanisms. Products & Services
Hardness testers measure a material's resistance to indentation. This calculation is determined by measuring the permanent depth or projected area of the indentation.
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Data acquisition is the digitizing and processing of multiple sensor or signal inputs for the purpose of monitoring, analyzing and/or controlling systems and processes. Signal conditioning includes the amplification, filtering, converting, and other processes required to make sensor output suitable for rereading by computer boards.
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Environmental test chambers and rooms are used to ensure the reliability of industrial products, especially electronic items, through prolonged exposure to one or more environmental parameters.
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Topics of Interest
Microscopic evaluation is important for the design and evaluation of a pharmaceutical product after the steps in the drug formulation process. Since atomic force microscopy (AFM) provides the ability...
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The ability of atomic force microscopy (AFM) to resolve structures on the nanometer-to-subangstrom scale in ambient and fluid environments has made it a particularly useful tool in pharmaceutical...
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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is gaining recognition as a powerful tool for life science researchers wanting nanoscale imaging and manipulation to study cells, molecules, and forces. At the first AFM...
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Fluorescence microscopy has become an indispensable tool in cell biology because it allows specific proteins to be visualized. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is also becoming extensively used in the...
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The ability to image solid surfaces in a liquid medium makes atomic force microscopy (AFM) an attractive tool in the study of liquid-solid interfacial phenomena. One such area of research where AFM...
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