From Beijing Optoelectronics Science & Technology Co., Ltd
Over the years, various materials have been used for optics attached closely to the LED chip, beginning with epoxy used directly for the housing of the well-known 5mm LEDs, for example.
Today, materials such as PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate, also known as perspex or acrylic), PMMI (polymethyl methacrylimide) and PC (polycarbonate) are quite commonly used for lenses and other optical elements to realize different emission characteristics of high-brightness LEDs. Their advantage is the low cost of the plastic resins, as well as the high transparency and easy manufacturing with standard precision injection methods.
On the other hand, with the increasing radiation density and power of LEDs, especially blue and white, these organic materials reach their limits. The high temperatures and UV content near the chip cause cracking of chemical bonds, resulting in yellowing of the material which reduces the transparency.
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