Help with Abrasive Files specifications:
Abrasive Specifications
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| Abrasive Grain / Stone Type: | |||
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| Aluminum Oxide | Aluminum oxide is the most common industrial mineral in use today. Fused aluminum oxide is produced synthetically by melting bauxite and additive in an arc furnace to form a fused aluminum oxide ingots, which are later crushed and sized. Fused aluminum oxide is also produced synthetically by chemical purification. The various types of fused aluminum oxides are distinguished by the levels of chemical impurities remaining in the fused mineral. Titanium and chromium oxides are typical additives. Other techniques to make this industrial abrasive start with treating bauxite ore with a sol gel process to create alumina that is sintered to produce an extremely fine crystalline structure typical of the sol gel or Seeded Gel products available by Saint Gobain Abrasives. Fused aluminum oxide is available in several variations depending on composition and processing such as white (high purity), brown or regular (titanium oxide modified), and pink (chromium oxide additions). Titanium oxide additions can toughen the abrasive and enable heat treating process, which changes brown aluminum oxide to a blue colored grain as TiO2 precipitates form. Aluminum oxide abrasives are also produced with chemical precursors and precipitation, calcination, and/or sintering processes. Calcined or platelet alumina as used in fine grit or polishing applications. Sol-gel aluminum oxide is produced in using chemical ceramic technology, but this abrasive has very high performance and is usually referred to as ceramic abrasive grain to distinguish the grain from lower performing fused aluminum oxide. Aluminum oxide occurs naturally in the form of the mineral corundum, but the mineral is not used as a commercial abrasive except as a component of emery. | ||
| Arkansas Stone | Arkansas stone (novaculite) is a natural stone product that is quarried from mines in the state of Arkansas. | ||
| Ceramic (e.g., Norton SG®, Norton Quantum®) | Ceramic abrasives typically consist of aluminum oxide with or without additional modifiers produced using a sol-gel and sintering process. The ceramic processing route results in a hard, dense abrasive with an extremely fine crystal size and outstanding grinding performance on a variety of workpiece materials. Norton SG® and Norton Quantum® are examples of ceramic alumina grain manufactured by the Saint-Gobain Group. The alumina seeding process used in manufacturing Norton SG® abrasive grain produces a sub-micron crystal structure. The extremely fine crystal size results in superior performance. | ||
| Silicon Carbide | Silicon carbide (SiC) is a synthetic abrasive that was first developed in the late 1800s. It is harder than aluminum oxide, but more friable than grains of fused aluminum oxide. Typically, silicon carbide is used with nonferrous materials such as brass, aluminum, or titanium. The high solubility of carbon and silicon in iron would cause silicon carbide to react with an iron base alloy and result in poor grinding performance. Levels and types of impurities distinguish the green and black forms of silicon carbide. SiC's sharp and easily fractured abrasive grains are used for abrading other non-metals such as the stone, glass, wood, and leather. Like diamond, silicon carbide is susceptible to oxidation at higher temperatures. | ||
| India Stone | India stone is a tough, hard aluminum-oxide or ceramic stone product. | ||
| Waterstone | Waterstone is a soft sharpening stone that is used with water. Waterstones may require frequent resurfacing. | ||
| Superabrasive - Diamond | Synthetic diamond is produced synthetically in a high-temperature, high-pressure process anvil press. Diamond is a superabrasive grain with the highest known hardness and a cubic crystal structure. Diamond is used for grinding nonferrous metals, ceramics, glass, stone, and building materials. Diamond is not useful in grinding steel or ferrous alloys, however, because carbon and diamond readily dissolve or react with iron. Diamond pastes are useful in ferrous polishing or lapping applications where heat and reactivity are not a factor. Like silicon carbide (SiC), diamond is susceptible to oxidation at higher temperatures | ||
| Superabrasive - CBN | Cubic boron nitride (CBN) is a superabrasive grain with hardness second to diamond, and a cubic crystal structure. CBN provides superior grinding performance on carbon and alloy steel. CBN is produced synthetically in a high-temperature, high-pressure process anvil press; a process similar to synthetic diamond production. | ||
| Combination | Sharpening stones or system consist of several different stone types or grades in the same product. | ||
| Other | Other specialty, proprietary, or patented abrasive grain, grit, or abrasive material. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Dimensions / Grit Size
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| Length: | The product's length. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Width: | The product's width. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Grit Size: | Applies to products using abrasive grains held in a matrix or bonded to a surface such as coated abrasives, MSL superabrasives, vitrified grinding wheels, dressing sticks, honing stones or grit dressers. Grit sizes are based on ANSI, FEPA, JIS or proprietary grading system standards. Grading system standards define a grit size through specified upper and lower limits at certain points in the size distribution. | ||
| Search Logic: | User may specify either, both, or neither of the "At Least" and "No More Than" values. Products returned as matches will meet all specified criteria. | ||
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| Grading / Grit System: | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| ANSI - Bonded | U.S. grading or grit size standards for abrasive grains used in bonded abrasives or grinding wheels. | ||
| FEPA - F | European grading or grit size standards for abrasive grains used in bonded abrasives or grinding wheels. | ||
| JIS | Japanese grading or grit size standards for abrasive grains. | ||
| Micron Graded | Very fine abrasive grain graded to micron size ranges usually based on an average particle size. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Other unlisted, proprietary, or specialized grading or grit system. | ||
| Search Logic: | Products with the selected attribute will be returned as matches. Leaving or selecting "No Preference" will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Coarseness & Applications
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| Coarseness & Applications | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| Coarse - Sharpening / Metal Removal | Coarse or extra coarse abrasive products are designed or suitable for rough or initial sharpening of the cutting edges of knives, blades, or other cutting tools. | ||
| Medium - Sharpening / Deburring | Abrasive products with medium coarseness are used for medium sharpening or deburring. Deburring is the removal of burrs or sharp edges from machining, casting, or other manufacturing processes. | ||
| Fine - Stoning | Abrasive products with fine coarseness are used for stoning or intermediate finishing between medium sharpening and final honing. | ||
| Extra Fine - Honing / Superfinishing | Extra fine, very fine, or ultrafine abrasive products are designed for honing or imparting the proper surface finish to a part's surface. Honing, lapping, super finishing, and polishing are all considered finishing operations. | ||
| Wheel Dresser / Dressing Tool | Tools used to condition and dress a shape into a grinding wheel or other abrasive products including dressing sticks and wheels, diamond tools, and diamond rolls. Dressing removes bond material to expose fresh abrasive grains and renew the abrasive product. | ||
| Flat Surfaces | Abrasive products are designed or suitable for Blanchard, surface, or creep feed grinding applications. | ||
| Internal / Bores | Internal grinding uses smaller diameter wheels or abrasive products for grinding or finishing the surface on a part's inner diameter (ID). | ||
| Shafts / Connecting Rods | Tool or sticks suited for honing, lapping, or superfinishing of precision shafts, connecting rods, or other precision cylindrical surfaces. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Abrasive products designed or suitable for other specialty, proprietary, or patented applications. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Shape
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| Cross Section Shape: | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| Rectangular / Flat | Files, stones, or abrasive products with a flat shape or rectangular cross section. | ||
| Round / Oval | Files, stones, or abrasive products with a round, tubular, or oval shaped cross section. | ||
| Square / Diamond | Files, stones, or abrasive products with a square or diamond shaped cross section. | ||
| Triangular / Knife | Files, stones, or abrasive products with a triangular or knife shaped cross section. | ||
| Half Round | Files, stones, or abrasive products with a half round shaped cross section. | ||
| Specialty / Other | Files, stones, or abrasive products with a specialty, proprietary, or other unlisted cross section shape. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Bond Type
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| Bond Type: | |||
| Your choices are... | |||
| None / Mineral Stone | Products, such as natural mineral stone, do not have a bonding system. | ||
| Metal | There is a metal bond between the abrasive grains and a metal substrate. Metal bond systems are used mainly for superabrasive or tungsten carbide grit products. There are three main types: sintered, MSL, and electroplated. Sintered metal bond systems are used when a thicker layer of superabrasive is required. Metal single layer (MSL) wheels consists of a specialized braze layer that forms a single layer of superabrasive and bond. The electroplated bond system is used to produce fine-grit superabrasive products. | ||
| Resin / Resinoid | Bonded abrasive products use a resin or resinoid bond system between the abrasive grains. | ||
| Rubber / Rubberized | Bonded abrasive product use a rubber or elastomer bond system between the abrasive grains. | ||
| Vitrified | Bonded abrasive product use a vitrified or glass bond system between the abrasive grains. | ||
| Other | Other specialty, proprietary or patented bond type. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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