Help with Laboratory Reactors specifications:
Reactor Design
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| Airlift Reactor | These reactors are similar to bubble column reactors, but differ by the fact that they contain a draft tube. The draft tube is typically an inner tube which improves circulation and oxygen transfer and equalizes shear forces in the reactor. | ||
| Bubble Column Reactor | These are tall reactors which use air alone to mix the contents. | ||
| Flocculated Cell Reactor | Flocculated cell reactors retain cells by allow them to flocculate. These reactors are used mainly in wastewater treatment. | ||
| Fluidized Bed Reactor | In fluidized bed reactors, cells are "immobilized" small particles which move with the fluid. The small particles create a large surface area for cells to stick to and enable a high rate of transfer of oxygen and nutrients to the cells. | ||
| Packed Bed Reactor | In packed bed reactors, cells are immobilized on large particles. These particles do not move with the liquid. Packed bed reactors are simple to construct and operate but can suffer from blockages and from poor oxygen transfer. | ||
| Stirred Tank Reactor | In these reactors, mechanical stirrers (using impellers) are used to mix the reactor to distribute heat and materials (such as oxygen and substrates) | ||
| Other Reactor Design | Text for any other reactor design not listed. | ||
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Reactor Operation
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| Batch | Batch reactors are simplest type of mode of reactor operation. In this mode, the reactor is filled with medium and the fermentation is allowed to proceed. When the fermentation has finished the contents are emptied for downstream processing. The reactor is then cleaned, re-filled, re-inoculated and the fermentation process starts again. | ||
| Continuous | With continuous reactors, fresh media is continuously added and bioreactor fluid is continuously removed. As a result, cells continuously receive fresh medium and products and waste products and cells are continuously removed for processing. The reactor can thus be operated for long periods of time without having to be shut down. Continuous reactors can be many times more productive than batch reactors. This is partly due to the fact that the reactor does not have to be shut down as regularly and also due to the fact that the growth rate of the bacteria in the reactor can be more easily controlled and optimized. In addition, cells can also be immobilized in continuous reactors, to prevent their removal and thus further increase the productivity of these reactors. | ||
| Fed-Batch | The fed batch reactor is the most common type of reactor used in industry. In this reactor, fresh media is continuous or sometimes periodically added to the bioreactor but unlike a continuous reactor, there is no continuous removal. The fermenter is emptied or partially emptied when reactor is full or fermentation is finished. As with the continuous reactor, it is possible to achieve high productivities due to the fact that the growth rate of the cells can be optimized by controlling the flow rate of the feed entering the reactor. | ||
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Performance Specifications
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| Number of Vessels | Number of individual reaction chamber contained in the reactor. | ||
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| Vessel Volume | Volume of the reactor. | ||
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| Stirrer Speed | Speed of the stirrer. | ||
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| Temperature Range | Range of temperatures the reactor can achieve. | ||
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Parameters Controlled
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| Dissolved Oxygen | The reactor can control the level of dissolved oxygen. | ||
| Foam | Foaming is the persistence of bubbles caused by fermenter aeration and agitation. Foam is very important part of the fermentation process. Severe foaming in a fermentation vessel may cause contamination or loss of material, either of which will decrease yields and invalidate experimental data. | ||
| pH | The reactor can control the pH level of the sample. | ||
| Speed | The reactor can control the speed of the stirrer. | ||
| Temperature | The reactor can control the temperature of its contents. | ||
| Other | Other unlisted parameters. | ||
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Parameters Measured
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| Dissolved Oxygen | The reactor has an internal dissolved oxygen sensor. | ||
| Level | The reactor has a level sensing system. | ||
| pH | The reactor has an internal pH sensing element. | ||
| Temperature | The reactor has an internal temperature sensing element. | ||
| Other | Other unlisted parameters. | ||
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Features
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| Cleanroom | Reactor designed for working in a cleanroom environment. | ||
| Inspection / Access Port | The top of the reactor is removable or has an access port for inspection or cleaning. | ||
| Jacketed | A jacket allows for heat to be efficiently applied to the material inside, promoting gas phase or liquid phase reactions to occur. | ||
| Lined or Coated | Lined or coated reactors allow for corrosive material processing. | ||
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