Paper and Paperboard Materials Specifications on GlobalSpec

Help with Paper and Paperboard Materials specifications:

Product Type / Format


	Commercial Paper:		Commercial papers include a wide range of finished products that are often produced initially as a single layer on a fourdrinier.
	Your choices are...
	Text and Cover Stock		Text and cover stock encompasses writing papers and stationery products that are suitable for use by individual writers, or for general-purpose printing. These papers are known by many different generic and trade names.
	Graphic Arts and Fine Art Papers		Graphic arts and fine arts papers are used in presentations that are prepared mechanically or manually. Generally, these papers are intended for long-term use.
	Currency (Banknotes, Certificates, Tickets)		Currency stock is used for monetary notes, bank documents, tickets, certificates and other legal tender. These papers often incorporate tamper-evidency and anti-counterfeiting technology.
	Newsprint		Newsprint is light-weight paper suitable for high-speed printing operations, mass distribution, and limited life applications.
	Packaging / Barrier Papers		Packaging and barrier papers protect and support items to prevent damage from handling, impact, fluids, sunlight and other environmental factors.
	Tissue / Sanitary		Tissue and sanitary papers are low-density, highly absorbent papers used in a variety of cleaning, hygiene, packing and related applications.
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	Industrial Paper:		Industrial papers must meet strict technical requirements. They are often produced for a very specific purpose.
	Your choices are...
	Coating / Coated Base		Coating base papers have a smooth surface and a controlled porosity to allow coating on one or both sides with adhesives, sealants and/or other coatings to produce masking tape, release papers, membrane filters, etc. Coated base papers are either finished products or contain a primary coating to enhance further processing.
	Saturating / Saturated Base		Saturating base papers are low-density and high-porosity papers that are designed to be saturated (either during manufacture or in a secondary step) with latex, epoxies, other polymers, or chemicals to yield durable substrates, leather-like materials, industrial laminates, etc.
	Filtration / Separation Media		Filtration and separation papers are used to remove particulate matter from a gas or liquid in a consistent and controlled manner. Separation papers may also be treated to bind a particular chemical species from a mixture.
	Absorbent / Blotting Media		Absorbent papers and blotting media are used to produce cleaning wipes, blotting papers, etc.
	Electrical Insulation / Separators		Electrical insulation papers and separators are used in current-carrying devices such as motors, capacitors, batteries and many other electrical components.
	Thermal Insulation / Fireproofing		Thermal insulation papers prevent the passage of extreme heat from one location to another. Fireproofing prevents flame ignition or mitigates the spread of flames.
	Gasketing / Sealing		Gasketing and sealing materials are often made from paper, and may contain high amounts of non-fibrous materials.
	Structural / Composites		Structural and composite papers are used in products ranging from durable laminates, shelters and space structures to origami and papier mache.
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	Paperboard:		Paperboard has a high basis weight and a high density. It is produced in multiple layers on a cylindrical machine.
	Your choices are...
	Linerboard		Linerboard is a strong kraft product which serves as the wall structure of corrugated containers
	Corrugating Medium		Corrugating medium is the inner material used with linerboard to construct corrugated containers
	Solid Bleached Paperboard		Solid bleached paperboard is the base material used to produce juice and milk containers, and similar product packaging.
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	Secondary Processing:		Base papers often receive secondary processing before end-use. This secondary processing may be incorporated into the initial manufacturing process, or may be completed off-machine.
	Your choices are...
	Sized		Sizing is a process of lightly coating one or both surfaces of paper with a starch solution to enhance the surface properties for printing, coating, or other processing.
	Calendered / Glazed		Calendering is a process which presses paper between two, possibly heated rolls under high pressure. As paper density and surface smoothness increase, porosity and thickness decrease. Glazing produces similar results, but is a process which uses a moving ball to apply high pressure to only one side of the paper.
	Saturated		Saturation is an immersion process in which paper is fully wetted, typically with a latex dispersion, and subsequently dried. The saturation level can vary from a few percent to as much as 40% of the base sheet weight. Latex saturation produces a very supple, durable paper with leather-like qualities.
	Coated		Coating applies one or more layers of material to one or both surfaces of a paper. Coatings may add color and/or enhance strength, wettability, adhesion, and other properties.
	Folded / Corrugated		Paper products are often delivered as folded sheet stock (e.g., card stock), or as corrugated media for the production of items such as containers.
	Perforated		Perforated materials have minor cut marks in the cross-roll direction. These cuts provide registration of the material for further processing and/or cutting.
	Slit Rolls		Slitting is a process which cuts a paper roll to a narrower width, often resulting in the production of two or more finished rolls.
	Sheeted Stock		Sheeting is the process of cutting a roll of paper into sheets of uniform dimension. This process is often done with writing paper, posterboard, etc.
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Base Sheet Physical Properties


	Basis Weight		The basis weight of paper is the mass per unit area (i.e., grams per square meter, ounces per square yard). Historically, stacks of cut paper sheet were weighed and standards were developed for "reams" of paper; however, those units vary widely and are not included here.
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	Thickness		Thickness or caliper is a measure of a sheet in the Z-direction (out of plane). Typically, thickness is measured with a gage of uniform footprint (pad size) at a specified spring loading.
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	Width		The width of the full roll of paper or cut sheet.
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	Length		The length of the full roll of paper or cut sheet. Master rolls of paper may often be over 1 km or 1 mi. in length.
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Mechanical Properties


	Tensile Strength (dry)		The tensile strength of paper is a measure of the force required to break a strip of paper with a specified cross-sectional area. Typically, industry measurements are provided as force per sheet width; however, true product comparisons must factor in sheet thickness. Tests results are recorded for both the machine-direction (roll length) and the cross-direction (roll width) since these properties can vary significantly.
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	Tensile Strength (wet)		The wet strength of paper is conducted in a similar fashion to the tensile strength, but the sheet is fully saturated in water prior to the test.
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	Tear Strength		Tear strength is determined by several accepted test configurations. It provides a measure of the energy needed to tear a sheet of paper.
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Bulk Properties


	Dielectric Strength		Dielectric strength is the maximum voltage field that the material can withstand before electrical breakdown occurs.
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	Electrical Resistivity		Electrical resistivity is the longitudinal electrical resistance (ohm-cm) of a uniform rod of a given length and cross-sectional area. Resistivity is the inverse of conductivity. Electrical insulation papers surround and protect electrical conductors such as wires and cables to prevent unwanted current flow or leakage.
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	Thermal Conductivity		Thermal conductivity is the linear heat transfer per unit area through a material for a given applied temperature gradient. Heat flux (h) = [thermal conductivity (k) ] x [temperature gradient (Δ T)] Thermal insulation papers minimize the conduction, convection and radiation of heat energy from one area to another.
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	Maximum Use Temperature		Maximum use temperature is the thermal limit for paper use on a long-term, continuous basis. Beyond this temperature, the paper will show diminished structural or other end-use properties.
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Color


	Color		Color is determined by the position in a three-dimensional coordinate system in which one axis is the paper’s brightness from 0 - 100%, another axis is the green/red direction, and the third axis is the blue/yellow direction.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Brightness		Brightness indicates the amount of light reflected in a defined range of the visible color spectrum.
	Search Logic:		"Required" and "Must Not Have" criteria limit returned matches as specified. Products with optional attributes will be returned for either choice.

	Opacity		Opacity is a measurement of light resistance. It is expressed as the ratio of the reflection factor of a single sheet measured on a black backing against the same sheet measured on a white backing consisting of a stack of the paper to be tested.
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	Clarity
	Your choices are...
	Translucent		The paper will allow some light to be transmitted through the sheet.
	Transparent		The paper will allow the full transmission of light and images through the sheet.
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Special Features


	Performance Features:
	Your choices are...
	Flame / Smoke / Toxicity Resistance		Papers comprised of special fibers or special treatments can reduce the spread of flames, resist ignition when exposed to high temperature, or insulate the substrate and delay damage. A UL 94 rating indicates that the material is flame retardant in accordance with Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL), Flame Class 94V-0, or other equivalent ISO standards.
	Chemical Resistance		Paper products can afford resistance to damage by acids, alkalis, general chemicals, fuel and oils. These materials find applications as gaskets, sealing materials, laminated surfaces, etc.
	Wet Strength		The wet strength of paper is similar to the tensile strength; however, the sheet is fully saturated in water prior to the test.
	Surface Smoothness		Surfaced smoothness is determined in several accepted test configurations and provides a measure of the microscopic contour of the sheet. This contour affects the adhesion strength of coatings, and suitability of stationery use with ink or graphite, etc.
	UV Resistance		Ultraviolet (UV) light or sunlight can minimize paper life and damage archival materials.
	Hydrophilic / Absorbent		The surfaces of hydrophilic materials can be wet by water. They are often used where high absorbency (many times the basis weight of the material) is important.
	Hydrophobic / Waterproof		Hydrophobic or waterproof materials do not dissolve or degrade when exposed to water. Waterproof paper may still absorb water if the product is hydrophilic and has open porosity.
	Recyclable		After its intended use, the paper is suitable for repulping and use in making new paper.
	Tamper-Evidency		The paper provides some visual cue or other signal to indicate inappropriate use. Applications include identification labels, registration tags, etc.
	Anti-Counterfeiting		Anti-counterfeiting paper incorporates certain discrete features (e.g., threads, particles) that make it extremely difficult to duplicate. The paper also incorporates a silhouette in the sheet for identification purposes.
	Other Performance Features		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary performance features.
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	Regulatory Compliance:
	Your choices are...
	ISO / EN		Products meet International Standards Organization (ISO) or EURONORM (EN) standards. ISO is a worldwide federation of national standards organizations.
	TAPPI		The Association of the Pulp and Paper Institute (TAPPI) sets broad standards and procedures for paper products.
	ASTM		The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) is a non-profit organization that develops and publishes voluntary standards for materials, products, systems, and services. Products that are ASTM-certified comply with design specifications for safety.
	UL Approval		Approval from Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) indicates that products are manufactured in full compliance with UL standards.
	CSA Approval		The Canadian Standards Association (CSA) sets standards that similar to those of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL).
	FDA		The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) sets standards and ensures compliance to federal codes for product efficacy.
	NSF		The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) provides standards for cleanliness and suitability of use for materials that contact potable water.
	ROHS		Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) is a European Union (EU) directive that requires all manufacturers of electronic and electrical equipment sold in Europe to demonstrate that their products contain only minimal levels of the following hazardous substances: lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyl and polybrominated diphenyl ether.
	WEEE		Waste Electrical and Electronics Equipment (WEEE) is an EU directive designed to encourage the reuse, recycling and recovery of electrical and electronic equipment. WEEE establishes the requirements and criteria for the collection, treatment, recycling and recovery of this equipment.
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Markets


	Commercial:
	Your choices are...
	Documents (School, Home, Office)		The documentation market encompasses the school, home and office products (SHOPA) marketplace, which encompasses paper and paperboard products of all shapes and sizes, including text papers, cover papers and organizational products that are used to communicate and archive information.
	Packaging / Material Handling		Products are designed or suitable for packaging applications such as labeling, insulating, cushioning or protecting products.
	Interiors / Furnishings		Products are designed for building interiors, furnishings and related applications where functional performance and aesthetic properties are both necessary.
	Apparel / Clothing		Products are suitable for apparel and clothing, especially when protective properties (e.g., barrier to blood-borne pathogens) and comfort (e.g., breathability, moisture vapor transmissions) are important.
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	Building & Construction:
	Your choices are...
	Architectural / Construction		Products are used in construction and architectural applications as insulation, structural panels, molding forms, etc.
	Geotextile		Products are used for ground stabilization in road and building construction applications.
	HVAC		Products are designed for the construction or insulation of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) components.
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	Transportation Equipment:
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	Aerospace		Aircraft, spacecraft, satellites, rockets and other aerospace structures are subjected to high loads and demanding environmental conditions.
	Automotive		Products are designed or suitable for automotive or transportation applications such as insulation from heat and noise, molded components, fuel and air filtration, etc.
	Marine		Products are used to construct composite ship hulls, structures and sails. They are also used as insulation, panels, air filtration devices, and other components on commercial vessels.
	Rail		Products are used as composite cabin interiors, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation in railway vehicles and systems.
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	Industrial:
	Your choices are...
	Agriculture		Products are used to limit weed growth, contain moisture, harvest crops, etc.
	Chemical Process		Products are suitable for chemical processing because of their insulation characteristics, corrosion resistance, and/or other properties.
	Electrical / Electronics		Paper, especially tissues and absorbent papers, are used to separate electrodes and current-carrying components in a wide range of electrical components and devices, including transformers, capacitors, fuel cells, batteries, etc.
	Laboratory		Laboratory work often involves the collection, retention and analysis of fluids. Absorbent paper stock is often used as a testing medium. Other applications require papers with high barrier properties.
	Medical		Products are suitable for medical or healthcare applications such as wound care, surgical support, filtration, defoaming, patient positioning and cushioning support.
	Biopharmaceuticals		Products are suitable for biotechnology, pharmaceutical and life sciences applications.
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Materials


	Wood Pulp:
	Your choices are...
	Hardwood Pulp		Hardwoods come from broad-leaved, mostly deciduous, trees. On average, hardwoods have higher density and hardness than softwoods, and are generally more resistant to decay.
	Softwood Pulp		Softwood trees include pine, spruce, cedar, fir, douglas fir, hemlock, cypress, redwood, etc. Compared to hardwoods, softwoods have a fairly uniform microscopic structure and are often (but not always) softer.
	Rayon / Lycocell		Rayon and its newer relative, Lyocell, feature fibers that are soft, strong, and absorbent. Rayon and Lycocell can be fibrillated to produce special textures that provide excellent wet strength and good drapability. Both materials are biodegradable.
	Other Wood Pulp		Other unlisted wood pulp.
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	Plant Fibers:
	Your choices are...
	Cotton		Cotton fibers are soft, natural fibers that grow around the seeds of the cotton plant.
	Flax (Linen)		Linen is a material made from the fibers of the flax plant.
	Hemp, Abaca, Jute, Sisal		Hemp, abaca, jute and sisal are natural fiber used in cordage, clothing, food products, and composites because of their cut strength.
	Other Plant Fibers		Other unlisted plant fiber.
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	Polymer Fiber:
	Your choices are...
	Polyester		Polyethylene terphthalate (PET) or polybutylene terphthalate (PBT) polymers have a high strength-to-weight ratio and are the most widely-sold manufactured fiber.
	Polyamide (nylon)		Polyamides, including nylon materials, are available in a large number of polymer structures with varying chemical and physical properties. In general, polyamides are exceptionally strong, elastic, abrasion resistant, lustrous, and resistant to damage from many chemicals. Polyamides are also resilient and low in moisture absorbency.
	Polyolefin (PP / PE)		Polyolefin is a broad category which encompasses several specific, linear polymer types, including polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP). Polyolefin fibers have a specific gravity below 1.0, a relatively low melting point, and are hydrophobic.
	Other Polymer Fibers		Other unlisted polymer fiber.
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	Inorganic Fiber:
	Your choices are...
	Glass		Glass fibers are manufactured by the process of blowing air/steam or spinning filaments from a molten mass of sand or glass (glass wool). The resultant fibers are subsequently collected as an entangled matt of fibrous product which exhibit excellent thermal stability and chemical resistance. Products afford superior thermal, electrical and acoustical insulation properties.
	Ceramic		Ceramic textiles, ceramic fibers or fibrous refractory thermal insulation products consist of ceramic fibers in bulk, fiberboard, paper or rope forms. Some fibrous ceramic products have an organic binder that burns off in the furnace during end-use application. Other products may include a ceramic or high- temperature binder that forms or remains after exposure to high temperatures. Loose or bulk fibrous and other fibrous insulation products may not have any binders.
	Carbon		Carbon is a non-metallic element with an extremely high sublimation temperature and mechanical properties. Most carbon fibers are electrically conductive and may be used for static dissipation as an additive to paper.
	Metal		Metal fibers have a shiny surface, high density, ductility, high melting point, high hardness, and high thermal and electrical conductivity.
	Other Inorganic Fibers		Other inorganic fibers.
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	Non-Fibrous Materials:
	Your choices are...
	Fillers (clay, ceramics)		Ceramic fillers, such as alumina clays, talc, etc. provide a smooth surface to papers, enhance brightness and produce for a stiffer, stronger sheet
	Thermoplastic Resins		Thermoplastic resins, notably latex resins, are frequently added to paper sheets to produce a supple product with leather-like appearance and feel.
	Thermoset Resins		Thermosetting resins, when fully cured, produce papers that have high environmental durability, especially in wet environments and afford many other valuable properties.
	Other Non-Fibrous Materials		Other unlisted non-fibrous materials.
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Paper and Paperboard Materials Specifications

Commercial Paper:

Industrial Paper:

Paperboard:

Secondary Processing:

Basis Weight:

Thickness:

Width:

Length:

Tensile Strength (dry):

Tensile Strength (wet):

Tear Strength:

Dielectric Strength:

Electrical Resistivity:

Thermal Conductivity:

Maximum Use Temperature:

Color?

Brightness?

Opacity?

Clarity:

Performance Features:

Regulatory Compliance:

Commercial:

Building & Construction:

Transportation Equipment:

Industrial:

Wood Pulp:

Plant Fibers:

Polymer Fiber:

Inorganic Fiber:

Non-Fibrous Materials:

Help with Paper and Paperboard Materials specifications: