Organic Solvents Specifications

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All Aliphatics


	Alkanes
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	All Alkanes		Alkanes are hydrocarbon chemical compounds that are linked together only by single bonded carbon and hydrogen atoms.
	Methane		Methane consists of one carbon with four hydrogen atoms bonded to it. It has the molecular formula CH₄ and is arranged in a tetrahedral shape.
	Ethane		Ethane is a two carbon compound with three hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon. It has the molecular formula C₂H₆.
	Propane		Propane is a three carbon compound with three hydrogen atoms bonded to each end carbon and two hydrogen atoms bonded to the middle carbon. It has the molecular formula C₃H₈.
	Butane		Butane is a four carbon compound with three hydrogen atoms bonded to each end carbon and two hydrogen atoms bonded to the two middle carbon atoms. It has the molecular formula C₄H₁₀.
	Hexane		Hexane is a six carbon compound with three hydrogen atoms bonded to each end carbon and two hydrogen atoms bonded to the three middle carbon atoms. It has the molecular formula C₆H₁₄.
	Cyclohexane		Cyclohexane is a six carbon compound in which the carbons are arranged in a ring structure with two hydrogen atoms attached to each carbon. It has the molecular formula C₆H₁₂.
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	Alkenes
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	All Alkenes		Alkenes are hydrocarbon chemical compounds that contain at least one carbon-carbon double bond.
	Methylene / Methene		Methene, also known as methylene or carbene, is a single carbon compound bonded to two hydrogen atoms and has two radical electrons.
	Ethylene / Ethene		Ethene, also known as ethylene, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with two carbon atoms double bonded to each other. It has the molecular formula C₂H₄.
	Propylene / Propene		Propene, also known as propylene, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with three carbons. Its carbon structure contains one double bond and one single bond. It has the molecular formula C₃H₆.
	Butylene / Butene		Butene, also known as butylene, is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with four carbons. Its carbon structure contains one double bond and two single bonds. It has the molecular formula C₄H₈.
	Butadiene		Butadiene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with four carbons. Its carbon structure contains two double bonds and one single bond. It has the molecular formula C₄H₆.
	Methyl Butadiene		Methyl Butadiene, also known as Isoprene, has the molecular formula CH₂=C(CH₃)CH=CH₂.
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	All Alkynes
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	All Alkynes		Alkynes are hydrocarbon chemical compounds that contain at least one carbon-carbon triple bond.
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All Aromatics


	Classical Arenes
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	All Classical Arenes		Classical Arenes are hydrocarbon compounds that contain a ring of six carbon atoms which is known as a benzene ring.
	Benzene		Benzene is a ring shaped hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C₆H₆. The benzene ring is a very important component of the aromatic groups.
	Cumene		Cumene is a hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C₉H₁₂. It consists of a benzene ring with one hydrogen atom replaced by three carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms.
	Toluene		Toluene is a hydrocarbon compound with the molecular formula C₇H₈. It consists of a benzene ring with one hydrogen atom replaced by a methyl (CH₃) group.
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	All Heterocyclic Arenes
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	All Heterocyclic Arenes		Heterocyclic Arenes are hydrocarbon compounds that contain a ring of five carbon atoms and one other atom of oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur.
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	All Polycyclic Arenes
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	All Polycyclic Arenes		Polycyclic Arenes are hydrocarbon compounds that contain more than one benzene ring.
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All Carbonyls


	Aldehydes
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	All Aldehydes		Aldehydes are compounds that contain a carbonyl group (a carbon that is double bonded to oxygen) which is bonded to a hydrogen atom.
	Acetaldehyde		Acetaldehyde has the molecular formula CH₃CHO and occurs naturally in coffee, bread, fruit and plants which produce it for their metabolism.
	Butryaldehyde		Butryaldehyde, also known as butanal, has the molecular formula CH₃(CH₂)₂ CHO.
	Formaldehyde		Formaldehyde, also known as methanal, has the molecular formula CH₂O.
	Propanal		Propanal, also known as propionaldehyde, has the molecular formula CH₃CH₂ CHO.
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	Carboxylic Acids
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	All Carboxylic Acids		Carboxylic Acids are compounds that contain at least one carboxyl group, a carbon that is double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to a hydroxyl (OH).
	Methanoic Acid		Methanoic Acid, also known as formic acid, has the molecular formula HCOOH or HCO₂ H.
	Acetic Acid		Acetic Acid, also known as ethanoic acid, has the formula CH₃ COOH.
	Oxalic Acid		Oxalic Acid has the chemical formula that can be written as C₂O₄H₂, C₂O₂(OH)₂ , or HOOCCOOH.
	Acrylic Acid		Acrylic Acid has the molecular formula CH₂CHCO₂ H.
	Fumaric Acid		Fumaric Acid, also known as trans-butenedioic acid, has the molecular formula HO₂CCH=CHCO₂ H.
	Adipic Acid		Adipic Acid has the molecular formula (CH₂)₄(COOH)₂ .
	Terephthalic Acid		Terephthalic Acid has the molecular formula C₆H₄(COOH)₂.
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	Acid Anhydrides
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	All Acid Anhydrides		Acid Anhydrides have two acyl groups bonded to the same oxygen atom.
	Ethanoic Anhydride		Ethanoic Anhydride, also known as acetic anhydride, has the molecular formula (CH₃CO)₂O which can also be written as Ac₂ O.
	Maleic Anhydride		Maleic Anhydride has the molecular formula C₂H₂(CO)₂O.
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	Acyl Halides
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	All Acyl Halides		Acyl Halides includes a carbonyl group and a halide.
	Acetyl Bromide		Acetyl Bromide has the molecular formula C₂H₃ BrO.
	Methyl Chloride		Methyl Chloride, also known as chloromethane, has the chemical formula CH₃ Cl.
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	Acid Amides
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	All Acid Amides		Acid Amides contain a functional group that has an acyl group bonded to a nitrogen atom.
	Aniline		Aniline, also known as phenylamine or aminobenzene, has the molecular formula C₆H₇ N.
	Benzamide		Benzamide has the molecular formula C₆H₅CONH₂ .
	Caprolactam		Caprolactam has the molecular formula (CH)₅ C(O)NH.
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	Esters
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	All Esters		Esters are hydrocarbon compounds that contain one carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom and single bonded to another oxygen atom which is also bonded to either an alkyl or aryl group.
	Methyl Formate		Methyl Formate, also known as methyl methanoate, has the molecular formula HCOOCH₃ .
	Methyl Methacrylate		Methyl Methacrylate has the molecular formula CH₂=C(CH₃)COOCH₃ .
	Ethyl Acetate		Ethyl Acetate has the molecular formula CH₃COOCH₂CH₃ .
	Ethyl Acrylate		Ethyl Acrylate has the molecular formula C₅H₈O₂ .
	Dioctyl Phthalate		Dioctyl Phthalate has the molecular formula C₆H₄(COOC₈H₁₇)₂.
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All Other Functional Groups


	Halogenated
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	All Halogenated		Halogenated compounds are chemicals where carbon is bonded to a halogen. They include organofluorine, organochlorine, organobromine, and organoiodine compounds.
	Chloroethane		Chloroethane, also known as monochloroethane, has the molecular formula C₂H₅ Cl.
	Ethylene Chloride		Ethylene Chloride, also known as dichloroethane, has the molecular formula C₂H₄Cl₂ .
	Vinyl Chloride		Vinyl Chloride has the molecular formula CH₂ CHCl.
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	Nitriles
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	All Nitriles		Nitriles have a nitrile functional group within the compound which is a carbon triple bonded to a nitrogen.
	Acrylonitrile		Acrylonitrile has the molecular formula CH₂ CHCN.
	Nitro-Benzene		Nitro-Benzene has the molecular formula C₆H₅NO₂ .
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	Amines
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	All Amines		Amines are functional groups that have a single nitrogen atom with a set of valance electrons that are not bonded to another compound or atom.
	Methyl Amine		Methyl Amine has the molecular formula CH₃NH₂ .
	Hexamethylenediamine		Hexamethylenediamine has the molecular formula H₂N(CH₂)₆NH₂ .
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	Quaternary Ammoniums
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	All Quaternary Ammoniums		Quaternary Ammoniums are cations that are in the structure of NR₄⁺ , where R is an alkyl group. All of the Quaternary Ammoniums are permanently charged.
	Tetramethyl Ammonium Chloride		Tetramethyl Ammonium Chloride has the molecular formula [(CH₃)₄ N]Cl.
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	Diazo Compounds
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	All Diazo Compounds		Diazo Compounds have two bonded nitrogen atoms as a terminal functional group.
	Phenylamine		Phenylamine, also known as aniline or aminobenzene, has the molecular formula C₆H₇ N.
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	Ethers
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	All Ethers		Ethers contain an ether group which is an oxygen atom bonded to either two alkyl groups or two aryl groups.
	MTBE		MTBE (methyl tertiary butyl ether) has the molecular formula C₅H₁₂ O.
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	All Sulfonic Acids
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	All Sulfonic Acids		Sulfonic Acids have a central sulfur atom that is double bonded to two oxygen atoms, single bonded to a hydroxyl group, and then bonded to a hydrocarbon side chain.
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	All Mercaptans
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	All Mercaptans		Mercaptans, also known as thiols, contain a sulfur-hydrogen bond.
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	Alcohols
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	All Alcohols		Alcohols are chemical compounds which have a hydroxyl functional group bonded to a carbon.
	Methanol		Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol, has the molecular formula CH₃ OH.
	Ethanol		Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, has the molecular formula C₂H₅OH. It is commonly referred to as drinking alcohol.
	Propanol		Propanol, also known as propyl alcohol, has the molecular formula C₃H₈ O.
	Isopropanol		Isopropanol, also known as isopropyl alcohol, has the molecular formula C₃H₈ O.
	Butanol		Butanol, also known as butyl alcohol, has the molecular formula of C₄H₉ OH.
	Cyclohexanol		Cyclohexanol has the molecular formula (CH₂)₅ CHOH.
	Ethylene Glycol		Ethylene Glycol has the molecular formula C₂H₆O₂ and is used in automotive antifreeze.
	Glycerol / Glycerine		Glycerol, also known as glycerin, has the molecular formula C₃H₅(OH)₃ .
	Phenyl Alcohol		Phenyl Alcohol, also known as phenol, has the molecular formula C₆H₅ OH.
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Form


	State of Matter
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	Bulk Solid / Granules		The chemical is in the form of bulk solid, pellet, flake, chunk, crushed material, or granule.
	Colloid / Dispersion		Chemical is in the form of a colloid, emulsion, or dispersion.
	Gas		A fluid that has neither a fixed shape nor fixed volume but tends to expand indefinitely.
	Liquid / Solution		The chemical is in the form of a liquid or is dissolved in a solution.
	Powder		The chemical is in the form of a powder. Powders are finely divided or dispersed forms of chemicals, metals, minerals, or other raw materials.
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	Charge
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	Anionic		The chemical is anionic or produces anions. Anions are negative ions or species with a negative charge in an aqueous solution.
	Cationic		The chemical is cationic or produce cations. Cations are positive ions or species with a positive charge in an aqueous solution.
	Non-Ionic		The chemical is non-ionic or is free of ionic surfactants and produces no charge difference.
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	pH
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	Acidic		The chemical compound has a pH that is less than 7.0.
	Alkaline		The chemical compound has a pH that is greater than 7.0.
	Neutral		The chemical compound has a pH that is equal to 7.0.
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Thermal Properties


	Freezing Temperature		The temperature that the chemical changes phases from liquid to solid. The melting point is also known as the freezing temperature but is referred to when the chemical changes phases from solid to liquid.
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	Boiling Point		The temperature that the chemical changes phases from liquid to gas.
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	Flash Point		The flash point is the lowest temperature that the chemical can vaporize to form a flammable mixture in air.
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	Oxygen Index		The oxygen index is a flammability test that is calculated by exposing a sample to both oxygen and nitrogen. The concentrations at which a continuous burn occurs are used to calculate the oxygen index.
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Electrical Properties


	Dipole Moment		The electric dipole moment for a pair of opposite charges is defined as the total charge times the distance between them. Even though the total charge of a molecule is zero, a dipole moment is created when there is a charge differential between elements within the molecule. Such molecules are said to be polar.
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	Dielectric Constant		The dielectric constant is the relative permittivity of a material compared to a vacuum or free space. k = ε_r= ε/ ε_o= where ε is the absolute permittivity of the material and ε_ois the absolute permittivity of a vacuum 8.85 x 10^-12 F/m.
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Physical Properties


	Viscosity		Viscosity is a measurement of a fluid's resistance to flow. Water is lower in viscosity than motor oil or honey. Oil is lower in viscosity than tar or molasses. Depending on the application method, viscosity determines how well a resin fills the cavities or voids in a mold.
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	Vapor Pressure		Vapor pressure is the pressure at which thermodynamic equilibrium is reached.
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	Purity		The purity of a material is the percentage of other compounds within the material.
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	Concentration		The concentration is the amount of a given compound within another.
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	Molarity		Molarity is the number of moles of a given compound within a liter of solution.
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Certification


	Certification
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	FDA		Suppliers provide evaluations based on U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards, protocols and/or Good Laboratory Practices (GLP), or Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). This does not mean the products have FDA approval.
	USDA		United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) is the federal department of the United States that is responsible for the regulation of farming, agriculture, and food.
	NSF		The National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) is accredited by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the Raad voor Accreditatie (RvA) for the following product certification programs: food equipment, drinking water additives, plastics and plumbing products, drinking water treatment systems, biohazard cabinetry, swimming pools, spas and hot tubs, bottled water and packaged ice, and water treatment units. Companies with NSF-certified products under an ANSI or RvA accredited program may use NSF Accreditation Marks in combination with the NSF Mark.
	USP		The United States Pharmacopeia (USP) establishes standards to ensure the quality of medicines for human and veterinary use. USP also develops authoritative information about the appropriate use of medicines.
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Organic Solvents Specifications

Alkanes:

Alkenes:

Classical Arenes:

Aldehydes:

Carboxylic Acids:

Esters:

Halogenated:

Ethers:

Alcohols:

State of Matter:

pH:

Freezing Temperature:

Boiling Point:

Flash Point:

Oxygen Index:

Dipole Moment:

Dielectric Constant:

Viscosity:

Vapor Pressure:

Purity:

Concentration:

Molarity:

Certification:

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