Food and Beverage Gases Specifications

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Industrial Gases


	Hydrogen, Hydrides and Hydrogen Compounds
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	Hydrogen		Hydrogen (H) is a colorless, highly flammable, gaseous element. It is used in the production of synthetic ammonia and methanol, in petroleum refining, in the hydrogenation of organic materials, as a reducing atmosphere, in oxyhydrogen torches, and in rocket fuels. Ordinary hydrogen gas is made of diatomic molecules (H₂) that react with oxygen to form water (H₂O) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), usually as a result of combustion.
	Hydrogen Bromide		Hydrogen bromide is an irritating, colorless gas used in the manufacture of barbiturates and synthetic hormones.
	Hydrogen Chloride		Hydrogen chloride is known by its formula name, HCl. It is a highly corrosive and toxic, colorless gas. White fumes form on contact with humidity. HCl often refers to hydrochloric acid, which is actually a mixture of hydrogen chloride in water.
	Hydrogen Fluoride		Hydrogen fluoride (HF) is a colorless, fuming, corrosive liquid or a highly soluble corrosive gas used in the manufacture of hydrofluoric acid; as a reagent, catalyst, and fluorinating agent; and in the refining of uranium and the preparation of many fluorine compounds.
	Hydrogen Sulfide		Hydrogen sulfide (H₂Se) is a colorless, flammable poisonous gas with a characteristic rotten-egg odor. It is used as an antiseptic, bleach, or reagent.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary hydrogen-based gases.
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	Nitrogen and Nitrogen Compounds
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	Nitrogen		Nitrogen is a nonmetallic element that constitutes nearly four-fifths of the air by volume. It occurs as a colorless, odorless, almost inert diatomic gas (N₂) in various minerals and in all proteins. Nitrogen is used in a wide variety of important manufactures, including ammonia, nitric acid, TNT, and fertilizers.
	Ammonia		Ammonia (NH₃) is toxic and corrosive to some materials. It has a pungent odor. Ammonia is used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, polymers, and household cleaners.
	Nitric Oxide		Nitric oxide (NO) is a toxic air pollutant produced by automobiles and power plants.
	Nitrous Oxide		Nitrogen oxides include dinitrogen oxide (N₂O, nitrous oxide), dinitrogen trioxide (N₂O₃), dinitrogen tetroxide (N₂O₄), and dinitrogen pentoxide (N₂O₅).
	Nitrogen Dioxide		Nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) is a poisonous brown gas that is often found in smog and automobile exhaust fumes. Nitrogen dioxide is synthesized for use as a nitrating agent, catalyst, and oxidizing agent.
	Nitrogen Trifluoride		Nitrogen trifluoride (NF₃) is a colorless gas that has a melting point of -206.6°C and a boiling point of -128.8°C. It is used as an oxidizer for high-energy fuels.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary nitrogen-based compounds.
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	Oxygen and Oxides
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	Air		Air is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, gaseous mixture that consists mainly of nitrogen (approximately 78%) and oxygen (approximately 21%), with lesser amounts of argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, neon, helium, and other gases.
	Oxygen		Oxygen (O₂) is an atmospheric gas. The abundance of free oxygen is due to photosynthesis by plants.
	Carbon Dioxide		Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a common chemical compound formed by respiration and the decomposition of organic substances.
	Carbon Monoxide		Carbon monoxide (CO) is flammable, toxic, colorless, and odorless. It is a major byproduct of combustion.
	Ethylene Oxide		Ethylene oxide (CH₂)₂O is colorless, soluble in organic solvents and miscible in water. It has boiling point of 11°C. Ethylene oxide is used in organic synthesis, for sterilizing, and for fumigating. It is also known as 2-epoxyethane.
	Sulfur Dioxide		Sulfur dioxide (SO₂) is a colorless, extremely irritating gas or liquid that is used in many industrial processes, especially the manufacture of sulfuric acid.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary oxygen-based gases.
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Noble / Inert Gases


	Noble Gases
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	Argon		Argon gas is colorless, odorless, nontoxic, and nonflammable. Typically, argon is shipped as a compressed gas.
	Helium		Helium is a colorless, odorless, inert gaseous element that occurs in natural gas and with radioactive ores. Helium is used as a component of artificial atmospheres and laser media, as a refrigerant, as a lifting gas for balloons, and as a superfluid in cryogenic research.
	Krypton		Krypton is a whitish, largely inert gaseous element that is used chiefly in gas discharge lamps and in fluorescent lamps.
	Neon		Neon is a whitish, largely inert gaseous element that is used chiefly in gas discharge lamps and in fluorescent lamps.
	Xenon		Xenon is a colorless, odorless, highly unreactive gaseous element found in minute quantities in the atmosphere. It is extracted commercially from liquefied air and used in stroboscopic, bactericidal, and laser-pumping lamps.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary noble gases.
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Hydrocarbons


	Hydrocarbons		Hydrocarbons are organic compounds made primarily of hydrogen (H) and carbon (C) atoms. Natural gas is a mixture of hydrocarbons. Examples of hydrocarbons include methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), propane (C₃H₈), butane (C₄H₁₀), pentane (C₅H₁₂), benzene (C₆H₆), hexane (C₆H₁₄), and heptane (C₇H₁₆).
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	Acetylene		Acetylene (C₂H₂) is a colorless, highly flammable, explosive gas that is used in metal welding and cutting, and as an illuminant. Acetylene is also called ethyne.
	Butane		Butane (C₄H₁₀) is either of two isomers of a gaseous hydrocarbon. It is produced synthetically from petroleum and used as a household fuel, refrigerant, and aerosol propellant. Butane is also used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.
	Butadiene		Butadiene (C₄H₆) is a colorless, highly flammable hydrocarbon that is obtained from petroleum and used in the manufacture of synthetic rubber.
	Butene		Butene (C4H8) is any of three isomeric hydrocarbons, all of which are used in making synthetic rubbers. Butene is also called butylene.
	Ethane		Ethane (C₂H) is a colorless, odorless, gaseous alkane that occurs as a constituent of natural gas and is used as a fuel or a refrigerant.
	Ethylene		Ethylene (C₂H₄) is a colorless, flammable gas, C₂H₄derived from natural gas and petroleum. It is used as a source of many organic compounds, in welding and cutting metals, to color citrus fruits, and as an anesthetic. Ethylene is also called ethene.
	Methane		Methane (CH₄) is an odorless, colorless, flammable gas that is the major constituent of natural gas. Methane is also used as a fuel, and is an important source of hydrogen and a wide variety of organic compounds.
	Propane		Propane (C₃H₈) is a colorless gas found in natural gas and petroleum. It is used widely as a fuel.
	Propylene		Propylene (CH₃CH:CH₂) is a flammable gas that is derived from petroleum hydrocarbon cracking. It is used in organic synthesis and also called propene. Answers.com ▼ Home Page Browse Personalize -1 ? '&' : '?')+'print=true');return false;" href="http://www.answers.com/propylene#" name=&lid=Printpage&lpos=Super_TopLnks>Print page Email page Translate page WikiAnswers.com ▼ Home Page Browse Recent questions Advanced search Help Search unanswered questions... Search our library...
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary hydrocarbon gases.
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Halogens and Halides


	Halogens and Halides
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	Chlorine		Chlorine (Cl₂) is a diatomic gas that is yellow-green in color. It is a halogen that combines easily with nearly all other elements. Chlorine irritates the respiratory system and mucous membranes. It is fatal in amounts of 1000 ppm or more. Prolonged exposure at lower, non-fatal levels weakens the lungs.
	Boron Trichloride		Boron trichloride is a (CH₃CH:CH₂₎) flammable gas derived from petroleum hydrocarbon cracking. It is used in organic synthesis and also called propene.
	Chlorine Trifluoride		Chlorine trifluoride (ClF₃) is a colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and very reactive gas that condenses to a pale-greenish yellow liquid. This is the form in which it is most often sold (i.e., pressurized at room temperature). Chlorine trifluorine is used as component in rocket fuels, in industrial cleaning and etching operations in the semiconductor industry, in nuclear reactor fuel processing, and other industrial applications.
	Dichlorosilane		Dichlorosilane (H₂SiCl₂), or DCS as it is commonly known, is usually mixed with ammonia (NH₃) in low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) chambers to grow silicon nitride in semiconductor processing.
	Ethyl Chloride		Ethyl chloride (C₂H₅Cl) is a gas at ordinary temperatures and a colorless, volatile flammable liquid when compressed. Ethyl chloride is used as a solvent, as a refrigerant, and in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead.
	Silicon Tetrachloride		Silicon tetrachloride (C₂H₅Cl) is a gas at ordinary temperatures and a colorless, volatile, flammable liquid when compressed. Silicon tetrachloride is used as a solvent, as a refrigerant, and in the manufacture of tetraethyl lead.
	Trichlorosilane		Trichlorosilane contains silicon, hydrogen, and chlorine. At high temperatures, it decomposes to produce silicon. Consequently, purified trichlorosilane is the principal source of ultrapure silicon in the semiconductor industry. In water, trichlorosilane decomposes rapidly to produce a silicone polymer while giving off hydrochloric acid. Because of its reactivity and wide availability, trichlorosilane is used frequently in the synthesis of silicon-containing organic compounds.
	Fluorine		Fluorine (F) is a poisonous, pale, yellow-green gas that is the most chemically reactive of all the elements. It is highly dangerous in its pure form, and can cause severe burns if it comes into contact with the skin.
	Boron Trifluoride		Boron trifluoride (BF₃) is pungent, colorless, toxic gas that forms white fumes in moist air. Used as a Lewis acid, it is a versatile building block for other boron compounds.
	Silicon Tetrafluoride		Silicon tetrafluoride (SiF₄) is a volatile compound that is sometimes used in microelectronics and organic synthesis.
	Sulfur Hexafluoride		Sulfur hexafluoride (SF₆) is one of the most popular insulating gases (next to air). It is non-flammable, non-toxic, moderately inexpensive, and a good insulator because of its electronegativity. SF₆has breakdown strength of about three times that of air. At normal temperatures, it is non-corrosive and fairly inert; however, at temperatures above 500°C, SF₆decomposes. The decomposition products (i.e., fluorine) react with most substances, especially any water vapor.
	Tungsten Hexafluoride		Tungsten hexafluoride (WF₆) is a corrosive, colorless compound that is the densest known gas at a pressure of 1 atm and room temperature (25 °C). The gas' molecule is octahedral and has a symmetry point group of O_h. Tungsten hexafluoride is used most commonly in the production of semiconductor circuits and printed circuit boards (PCBs).
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary halogen or halide gas.
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Specialty / Other Gases


	Specialty Gases
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	Arsine and Arsenic Compounds		Arsenic and arsenic compounds include arsine (AsH₃), a gas that is both flammable and toxic. Synonyms for arsine include arseniuretted hydrogen, arsenous hydride, arsenic trihydride, and hydrogen arsenide.
	Boron and Boron Compounds		Boron and boron compounds include diborane (B₂H₆), a colorless gas with a repulsive, sweet odor. Diborane mixes easily with air and will ignite spontaneously in humid air at room temperatures. Diborane is a respiratory irritant. Symptoms can occur immediately or be delayed for up to 24 hours after exposure.
	Germane and Germanium Compounds		Germane (GeH₄) is a flammable, toxic, colorless gas that reacts with oxidizers and halogens. Other germanium compounds are also in this category.
	Mercaptans and Sulfur Compounds		Mercaptan and sulfur compounds are used in many applications. Mercaptan is the harmless, non-toxic chemical that is added to natural gas to make it easier to detect in case of a leak. It is also used in jet fuel, pharmaceuticals, and livestock feed additives.
	Phosphine, Phosgene and Phosphorous Compounds		Phosphine (PH₃) is a colorless, spontaneously flammable, poisonous gas that has a fishy odor. It is used as a doping agent for solid-state components. Phosgene (COCl₂) is also a colorless, volatile liquid or gas. It is used as a poison gas and in making glass, dyes, resins, and plastics.
	Silane and Silicon Compounds		Silane (SiH₄) is a colorless gas that is both flammable and pyrophoric (i.e., capable of igniting spontaneously upon contact with air). It has a repulsive odor. Silane is used as a silicon source for the epitaxial deposition of single-crystal and polycrystalline silicon, for the low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of silicon dioxide, and for the CVD of silicon nitride films. It also is used for growth of amorphous silicon films.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary specialty gases.
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Composition



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	Pure Gas		Pure gases consist of a single constituent gas. Some extraneous impurity gases may be present, depending on the specific purity level.
	Gas Mixture		Gas mixtures and blends intentionally contain several types of gases or gas constituents.
	Trace Gas		Trace gases are very small quantities of gas that may be carried in oxygen, nitrogen, or other high-volume gases.
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	Concentration		Concentration is the actual quantity of a pure gas, gas mixture, or trace gas. It is expressed as a percentage.
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Supply Forms Available


	Product Forms:
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	Gas		Gas is the state of matter distinguished from the solid and liquid states by relatively low density and viscosity, relatively great expansion and contraction with changes in pressure and temperature, the ability to diffuse readily, and the spontaneous tendency to become distributed uniformly throughout any container.
	Liquid / Liquid Gas		Liquid / liquid gas materials are normally gaseous at typical ambient conditions (or standard temperature and pressure), but become denser and liquefy at lower temperatures. Storage, handling, and transportation can be more convenient with liquids.
	Solid (e.g., Dry Ice)		As gases are cooled, they become denser and form liquids. At even lower temperatures, the liquid can turn to a solid. Dry ice, a solid form of carbon dioxide, is a common example of a normally gaseous material (at ambient conditions) that has useful properties as a solid. Much of the carbon dioxide will sublimate or move directly to the gaseous phase from the solid phase without becoming a liquid.
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	Supply Options:		Pipelines On-Site generation Cryogenic (oxygen, nitrogen) Non-cryogenic (membrane, VPSA) Bulk liquid deliveries via tank truck Bulk gaseous deliveries via tube trailers Industrial cylinder
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	Bulk / Microbulk		Bulk gases can be supplied via stationary cylinders, pipelines, gas tubes, or cryogenic tank trailers. A stationary cylinder must be refilled periodically by a gas tube or cryogenic tank trailer. Pipeline delivery is available only in areas near a gas production plant. Cryogenic tank trailers can deliver liquid gas in bulk form.
	Cryogenic Cylinder / Dewar (Liquid)		Cryogenic cylinders are insulated containers that are used to store liquefied gases. They have a double wall with a vacuum between the walls, and silvered surfaces facing the vacuum.
	Gas Cylinder		Gas cylinders or tanks are pressure vessels used to store gases at high pressure.
	Glass Bottle / Ampule		Glass bottle or sealed ampules are used for small quantities of gases for R&D, analytical standards, or specialty applications.
	On-site Generation		On-site generation consists of a system to produce the gas where it will be used. For example, there are complete systems to concentrate oxygen and nitrogen from air that are built within industrial facilities, thereby eliminating transportation costs.
	Permeation Tube		Permeation tubes are small, inert capsules containing a pure chemical compound. At constant temperature, the device emits the compound through the permeable tube wall at a constant rate.
	Safe Delivery System		Safe delivery system (SDS) is designed to reduce the hazards and environmental risks associated with transporting, storing, and delivering highly toxic gases
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized or proprietary gas supply forms.
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	Disposable		Gas storage systems can be safely discarded when empty.
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	Lab Certified		The gas is certified by a rating agency to ensure purity and consistency.
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Food and Beverage Gases Specifications

Hydrogen, Hydrides and Hydrogen Compounds:

Oxygen and Oxides:

Composition:

Concentration:

Product Forms:

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Help with Food and Beverage Gases specifications: