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Series references operate in series with the load. They are typically three-terminal devices. The two most important three-terminal-series references are the buried-zener and bandgap types. The bandgap reference compensates the effect of temperature by subtracting the negative-temperature coefficient voltage of a forward-biased base-emitter junction from a positive-temperature-coefficient proportional-to-absolute temperature (PTAT) voltage. It develops a voltage with a positive temperature coefficient to compensate for the negative temperature coefficient of a transistor’s Vbe, maintaining a constant “bandgap” voltage. Measuring and amplifying the voltage difference between two forward-biased diode junctions generates the PTAT voltage. Products & Services
Voltage references are electronic circuits that produce a constant output voltage (reference) that is used to compare other voltages in a system.
General-purpose diodes are electric components that conduct electric current in only one direction, functioning similarly to a one-way valve.
Varactor diodes are p-n junction diodes that are designed to act as a voltage controlled capacitance when operated under reverse bias.
Bipolar RF transistors consist of an N-type or P-type layer sandwiched between two layers of the opposite type. They are designed to handle high-power radio frequency (RF) signals in devices such as stereo amplifiers, radio transmitters, and television monitors.
Voltage dividers and voltage references provide highly-accurate reference voltages for calibration and testing purposes.
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Topics of Interest
Subsurface or "buried" Zener references are more stable and accurate than the simple Zener-reference. They consist of diodes with the correct value of reverse-breakdown voltage, formed below the...
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A semiconductor device consisting of two P-N junctions formed by either a P-type or N-type semiconductor between a pair of opposite types is known as a transistor.
FIGURE 3.21
A transistor in which...
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Bipolar transistors, having 2 junctions, are 3 terminal semiconductor devices. The three terminals are emitter, collector, and base. A transistor can be either NPN or PNP. See the schematic...
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In electronics, a diode is a component that restricts the direction of movement of charge carriers. Essentially, it allows an electric current to flow in one direction, but blocks it in the opposite...
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The unijunction transistor(UJT) is a three terminal device with characteristics very different from the conventional 2 junction, bipolar transistor. It is a pulse generator with the trigger or control...
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