From Emerson Network Power Embedded Computing
The terms "Reliability", "High Availability" and "Carrier Grade" have become common in the context of communications equipment in particular, and the broader context of Embedded Systems as a whole. In many cases, the terms are used synonymously, which is confusing - as they are quite distinct.
In addition, systems engineers tend to be very comfortable in dealing with the reliability of Hardware (in terms of MTBF and MTTR). Software is not so mature in the field of measured reliability. This is a cause for concern, as Software is the cause of at least as many system failures as Hardware!
This paper attempts to define the terms associated with the overall reliability of a system (comprising multiple hardware and software components), and illustrates how Software Reliability is factored in. The methods used to determine Software Reliability for High Availability solutions and the techniques used to model System Reliability and Availability are explored
As a result, recommendations are made for software engineering practice for High Availability (or "Carrier Grade") applications.
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