Watch Glasses Specifications

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Physical Specifications


	Diameter		The diameter of the labware.
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Materials


	Glass Materials:		Glassware functionality depends upon the material of construction, especially with regard to thermal stability.
	Your choices are...
	Fused Silica		Fused silica has good long-term thermal stability and mechanical accuracy.
	Glass - Borosilicate		Borosilicate glass has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of 33 and a glass code of 7740
	Glass - Quartz		Quartz glass is a very pure glass substrate.
	Kimax®		Kimax^®, a registered trademark of the Kimble Glass Company, is a borosilicate glass with properties similar to Pyrex^® .
	Pyrex®		Pyrex^®, a registered trademark of Corning Glass Works, has excellent thermal stability and is economical for one-sided applications.
	Zerodur®		Zerodur^®, a registered trademark of Schott Glass Technologies, is a clear glass-ceramic with extremely high thermal stability.
	Other		Other unlisted or proprietary glass types.
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	Plastic Materials:		Plasticware functionality depends upon the material of construction, especially with regard to thermal stability.
	Your choices are...
	EPDM		Ethylene propylene (EPDM) offers good resistance to sunlight, weathering and ozone. It has poor resistance to petroleum oils and fuel. EPDM maintains good heat and compression resistance. Suggested operating temperatures are (-70° to 275° F). Trade names include Nordel^® (Dupont Dow Elastomers), Vistalon^® (Exxon Mobil Chemical), Epsyn^® (DSM Elastomers), Royalene^® (Uniroyal Chemical) and Epcar^® (B.F. Goodrich).
	Fluoroelastomer (FKM - Viton®, Fluorel®, etc.)		Plastic labware uses a range of tailorable fluoropolymer elastomers. These materials are usually black and have high heat, oil and chemical resistance, but poor low-temperature performance. With the exception of Kalrez^® (Dupont Dow Elastomers), a perfluorinated elastomer, fluoroelastomers are about the most highly temperature-resistant of all commercially-available elastomers. Trade names include Viton^® (Dupont Dow Elastomers), Fluorel^® and Aflas™ (3M Corporation) and Technoflon^® (Montedison).
	Neoprene		Neoprene is a synthetic rubber that resists degradation from sun, ozone and weather. It performs well in contact with oils and many other chemicals. Neoprene remains useful over a wide range of temperatures, displays outstanding physical toughness and resists burning inherently better than exclusively hydrocarbon rubbers. Neoprene also offers resistance to damage caused by flexing and twisting. The suggested operating temperature is -45° to 230° F. Originally, Neoprene was engineered by DuPont Dow.
	Nitrile (NBR - Buna-N)		Nitrile provides good resistance to petroleum hydrocarbons and fuels. It is used widely with most oils, hydraulic fluids and alcohols. Many compound variations are available for specific applications. The suggested operating temperature is -30° to 275° F. Trade names include Breon^® (BP Chemicals), Chemigum^® (Goodyear), Hycar^® (B F Goodrich), Krynac^® (Polysar Ltd.), Nipol^® (Zeon Chemicals), Nysyn^® NBR, (DSM Elastomers), Paracril^® (Uniroyal Chemical) and Perbunan^® (Mobay).
	Nylon / Polyamide		Nylon is comprised of several grades of polyamides and is a general-purpose material in wide use. It is tough, resistant and has good pressure ratings.
	PharMed®		PharMed^®, a registered trademark of the Norton Company, is a polypropylene-based, semi-opaque, beige-colored material with USP mineral oil. It offers high tensile-strength and firmness.
	Polyethylene (PE)		Polyethylene (PE) is a semi-crystalline (typically around 50%), whitish, semi-opaque, commodity thermoplastic that is soft, flexible and tough - even at low temperatures - with outstanding electrical properties, but poor temperature resistance. PE also has very good chemical resistance, but is prone to environmental stress cracking. Polyethyelene has poor UV resistance (unless modified) and poor barrier properties, except to water.
	Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)		Polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) is a heat-resistant crystalline polymer with simple chemical construction. PPS has a high melting point (about 280^o C) and outstanding chemical resistance. It is non-burning materials without any flame-retardant chemicals. Brand names include Fortron^® (Hoechst Celanese), Lubricomp^® (LNP), Ryton^® (Phillips) and Supec^® (GE).
	Polypropylene (PP)		Polypropylene (PP) is a thermoplastic material exhibiting excellent cold flow, bi-axial strength and yield-elongation properties. PP is similar to PVC, but can be used in exposed applications because of its resistance to UV, weathering and ozone.
	PTFE - Teflon®		Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is an insoluble compound that exhibits a high degree of chemical resistance and a low coefficient of friction. It is sometimes marketed in proprietary classes of materials such as Teflon^®, a registered trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers.
	Polyurethane / Urethane		Polyurethane is a diverse class of materials exhibiting good elongation, recovery and toughness. These materials are flexible and have good abrasion resistance. (Note: The urethanes of the plastics industry are so named because the repeating units of their structures resemble the chemical urethane.) Trade names include Texin^® (Bayer), Adiprene^® and Vibrathane^® (Uniroyal Chemical), Estane^® (B. F. Goodrich), Genthane^® (General Tire and Rubber), Millathane^® and Pellethane^® (Dow Chemical).
	PVC		Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a widely used material that has good flexibility, a smooth surface and nontoxic qualities. Some grades are used in food and chemical processes due to PVC's inert nature. Brand names include ACP^® and Dural^® (Alpha Gary), Geon^® (Geon), Benvic^® (Solvay) and Flexalloy^® (Teknor Apex).
	PVDF		Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is a melt-processable fluropolymer. It is similar in properties to other fluropolymers, but has better strength and lower creep than other members of this family. PVDF has good wear resistance and excellent chemical resistance, but does not perform well at elevated temperatures. Brand names include Kynar^® (Elf AtoChem).
	Teflon®		Teflon^® refers to a class of fluoropolymer resins used for a wide variety of commercial applications. They are highly resistant to temperature, chemical reaction, corrosion and stress-cracking. Teflon is a registered trademark of DuPont Dow Elastomers.
	Other		This refers to other unlisted or proprietary plastic types.
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	Metal Materials:
	Your choices are...
	Copper		A common reddish metallic element that is ductile and malleable and is one of the best conductors of heat and electricity. Copper is used in skull melting vessels or crucibles where external cooling maintains a solid skin or skull that contains the molten metal. Copper is often grouped with other noble metals.
	Molybdenum / Mo Alloy		Molybdenum is a refractory metal with high elevated temperature strength and good. Evaporation boats and crucibles are often fabricated from molybdenum due to the metal's high melting point (2,610^o C). Molybdenum has a grayish color.
	Nickel / Nickel Alloy		Nickel and nickel alloys provide a low cost alternative to refractory or noble metal in certain alkaline, acid and other specific chemical environments. Nickel is virtually immune to attack by phosphoric acid and highly resistant to corrosion by most strong alkalis. Nickel is attacked by concentrated nitric acid, sulfurous acid, ammonium hydroxide and hypochlorite solutions.
	Platinum / Pt Alloy		Platinum is an extremely corrosion resistant noble metal and has excellent resistance to attack by acids and fusion mixtures. Platinum can be fabricated by conventional methods due to the metal good ductility and weldability. Tantalum has a dark bluish gray color. Iridium and rhodium additions are used to form platinum alloys with high strengths. Zirconia particle additions are used to impede grain growth and maintain a fine crystal structure.
	Stainless Steel		Stainless steel is chemical and corrosion resistant and can have relatively high pressure ratings. Stainless steel contains at least 12% chromium. The chromium provides a tight oxide skin on the surface that protects the underlying metal from corrosion. Nickel additions result in an austenitic structure that generally has better corrosion resistance compared to ferritic or martensitic grades.
	Tantalum / Tantalum Alloy		Tantalum is an extremely corrosion resistance refractory metal. Tantalum can be fabricated by conventional methods due to the metal good ductility and weldability. Tantalum has almost complete immunity to acid attack. Tantalum's corrosion resistance exceeds that of titanium and nickel alloys in many environments. Evaporation elements, boats and crucibles are often fabricated from tantalum due to the metal's high melting point (2, 996^o C) and inert nature. Tantalum has a dark, bluish-gray color.
	Tungsten / W Alloy		Tungsten is a refractory metal with high elevated temperature strength. Evaporation boats and crucibles are often fabricated from tungsten due to the metal's high melting point (3,410^oC). Tungsten's brittle nature and high melting point results in fabrication using powder metal techniques. Tungsten has a grayish color.
	Zirconium / Zirconium Alloy		Zirconium is an extremely corrosion resistance metal. Zirconium has a melting point (1,856^o C). Zirconium can be fabricated by conventional methods due to the metal good ductility. Zirconium is resistant to attack by most acids. Zirconium metal is silvery white in color. Zirconium forms an oxide scale and becomes embrittled in oxidizing atmospheres at temperatures above 850^oC. Zirconium is resistant to fusion by low-melting metals that normally attack other crucible materials.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary metal.
	Search Logic:		All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.

	Ceramic Materials:
	Your choices are...
	Alumina		Alumina or aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) is a compound of aluminum metal and oxygen usually used in the alpha alumina structural form. In its pure form alumina is a white, high-hardness ceramic. Fully dense alumina can be translucent. Alumina has found wide application due to its versatility and a relatively low raw material cost. Depending on the purity and density, alumina is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, dielectric substrates, wear components, refractory cements and abrasives. Alumina's main drawback is its relatively poor thermal shock resistance due its higher coefficients of thermal expansion and lower thermal conductivity compared to other pure ceramic materials such as silicon carbide
	Boron Carbide		Boron carbide (B₄C) has higher hardness than alumina or silicon carbide, but its oxidation product, B₂O₃ does provide a protective skin at high temperatures (>800^o C). Boron carbide is applied in low-temperature applications utilizing its high hardness and wear resistance such as abrasive blast or water jet nozzles and grinding wheel dressers.
	Carbide / Metal Carbide (WC, TiC)		Carbides are compounds of a metal or metalloid (boron, silicon) and carbon. Metal carbides are also known as hard metals such as tungsten carbide (WC), titanium carbide (TiC) or tantalum carbide (TaC). Metal carbides have high hardness and high hot hardness making them useful for cutting tools, forming dies and tool and other wear applications. Metal carbides often use a cobalt, nickel or intermetallic metal bond between grains (cemented carbides) which results in increases toughness compared a pure carbide or ceramic.
	Carbon / Graphite		Carbon (C) is a non-metallic element with an extremely high sublimation temperature and a wide variety of crystalline structure forms (polymorphism). Carbon is available as amorphous/vitreous carbon, pyrolytic graphite, hexagonal graphite, diamond or diamond-like carbon. Carbon without a protective coating must be used in reducing or vacuum atmospheres to prevent oxidation at elevated temperatures. Depending on the purity, density and crystal structure carbon is used for refractory linings, industrial crucibles, arc furnace electrodes, analytical labware, composites, refractory cements and superabrasives.
	Fused Silica / Glass		Fused silica is a compound of silicon and oxygen. High-purity amorphous-fused silica is a high-performance ceramic with very low expansion, remarkable thermal shock resistance, low thermal conductivity, excellent electrical insulation up to 1,000° C and excellent resistance to corrosion from molten metal.
	Metal Boride		Boride ceramics are compounds of a metal and boron such as zirconium boride (ZrB₂) or titanium boride (TiB₂). Titanium borides increase in ductility with an increase in temperature.
	Mullite		Mullite (3Al₂O₃-2Si0₂ or Al₆Si₂O₁₃) is a compound of aluminum, silicon and oxygen. Mullite can also be viewed as a phase in the alumina-silica binary system. Mullite is a synthetic, fused or calcined crystalline aluminum silicate produced in electric arc furnaces from alumina and silica. Mullite usually has an off-white or tan color. Depending on the purity and density, mullite can have superior dielectric and thermal shock properties and resistance to slag and silicate refractory bonds. Mullite is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, dielectric substrates, wear components and in refractory cements. Refractory grade mullite or alumina-mullite mixtures are commonly produced by calcining Kyanite minerals.
	Nitride (AlN, BN)		Nitride ceramics are compounds of a metal or metalloid (silicon, boron) and nitrogen such as titanium nitride (TiN), silicon nitride (TiB₂), boron nitride (BN) or aluminum nitride (AlN). Nitrides are relatively inert and have good thermal conductivity combined with high electrical insulation capability, making these materials useful as substrates, insulators and barrier layers in microelectronics applications.
	Silicon Carbide		Silicon carbide (SiC) is a compound of silicon metalloid and oxygen usually used in the alpha silicon carbide structural form. SiC is a black, high-hardness ceramic that usually is harder than alumina. Depending on the impurity additions, silicon carbide is green or black in color. Fully dense silicon carbide can be transparent (Moissanite). Silicon carbide has found wide application due to its versatility and a relatively low raw material cost. Depending on the purity and density, SiC is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, wafer semi-insulating substrates, wear components, refractory cements and abrasives. Alumina's main drawback is its relatively poor thermal shock resistance compared to materials with lower coefficients of thermal expansion. SiC forms a protective SiO₂ skin that to prevents further oxidation at very high temperatures in non-reducing atmospheres. Silicon carbide has relatively high thermal shock resistance compared to other ceramic materials due its low coefficient of thermal expansion combined with high thermal conductivity.
	Silicon Nitride		Silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) is a compound of silicon and nitrogen. Silicon nitride has superior mechanical properties and forms a protective SiO2 skin at high temperatures. Silicon nitride is difficult to sinter by conventional means because the material dissociates above 1,800^oC.
	Zirconia		Zirconia or zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) is an extremely refractory compound of zirconium and oxygen. Zirconia may have additions of calcia, magnesia or yttria to stabilize the structure into a cubic structure. Zirconia stabilized in the cubic crystal structure avoids cracking and mechanical weakening during heating and cooling. Certain zirconia materials have the ability to transformation toughen (tetragonal to monoclinic phase change) under applied stress and it is frequently used in wear applications requiring improved fracture toughness and stiffness over alumina. Zirconia ceramics possess excellent chemical inertness and corrosion resistance at temperatures well above the melting point of alumina. Zirconia is more costly than alumina, so it is only where alumina will fail. Zirconia has low thermal conductivity and it is an electrical conductor above 800° C. Zirconia is used to fabricate oxygen sensors or fuel cell membranes because zirconia possesses the unique ability to allow oxygen ions to move freely through the crystal structure above 600° C. Zirconia products should not be used in contact with alumina above 1,600° C. Depending on the purity and density, zirconia is used for refractory tubes, industrial crucibles, analytical labware, sensors, wear components, refractory cements, thermocouple protection tubes, furnace muffles, liners and high-temperature heating element supports.
	Other		Other unlisted, specialized, or proprietary ceramic.
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Features



	Your choices are...
	Disposable		The labware is designed to be disposable.
	Heavy Duty		Heavy-duty products are designed to provide the best mechanical strength under harsh conditions.
	Search Logic:		All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches.

Watch Glasses Specifications

Diameter:

Glass Materials:

Help with Watch Glasses specifications: