Technical Articles

Sierra Instruments, Inc. has published these technical articles:

(Gas Handling Equipment)
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Gas mixing sounds simple enough. You simply mix a number of pure gasses to create a new mixture. Unfortunately, it's not usually as simple as it sounds. There are many variables and factors that play...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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To achieve your goals, you want to make your facility as efficient and productive as possible and know you are in control of costs. Accurate flow measurement is one great way to make this happen. But...
(Flow Sensing)
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Whether you are running a large municipal water facility or one of the over 37,000 rural water utilities in the United States, water usage and costs drive your decisions. Learn how to avoid costly...
(Flow Sensing)
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Industrial mass flow control is a crucial part of burner and combustion control in manufacturing applications. Precise mass flow control of the fuel-to-air ratio to the burner keeps melt temperatures...
(Flow Sensing)
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In the beverage production process, precise mass flow control of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a crucial part of creating high quality brews and beverages. It is pivotal that beverage manufacturers have the...
(Flow Sensing)
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For many experiments it's critical to achieve precision control in gas mixing and blending applications. In fact, the quality of research and results depends on trusting all the variables in an...
(Flow Sensing)
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Oil wells almost always produce natural gas along with the petroleum. In many cases, it is uneconomical to process due to heavy contamination....
(Flow Sensing)
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You have specified the correct industrial Thermal insertion mass flow meter and received your brand new meter. Now what? Where do you install the meter for optimal performance? This is where...
(Gas Sensing)
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In an article for Gases & Instrumentation magazine, I explored energy management as it relates to the natural gas industry. Natural gas exists in abundance in this country, with production expected...
(Gas Sensing)
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Do you have questions about the iSeries flow meter Totalizer App that comes standard with every QuadraTherm 640i/780i Thermal Mass Flow Meter. We get many support questions regarding the app,...
(Flow Sensing)
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From facilities management to district heating applications, accurate steam flow energy measurement is a critical flow measurement needed to incur substantial savings on energy and maintenance costs....
(Test Equipment Maintenance and Repair)
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Bringing Energy Efficiency and Cost Savings to Veteran's Facilities Nov 19, 2018 Scott Rouse, Product Line Director va blog image As the infrastructure of our Veterans Affairs (VA) facilities age and...
(Flow Sensing)
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Improving energy efficiency in facilities, campuses and hospitals is top of mind for most facilities managers and engineers. Government regulations like Boiler MACT and other energy efficiency...
(Flow Sensing)
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So why is it so popular? In a word, economy. This otherwise wasted biogas can be used for heating, electricity, or to fuel internal combustion enginesâ€"the possibilities are endless! This, of course,...
(Energy Services)
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How do you tame the compressed air energy hog in your facility? As most facilities managers can attest to, the electricity used to produce compressed air can be one of the most expensive energy costs...
(Flow Sensing)
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Vortex flow meters are increasingly becoming the flow technology of choice for gas, liquid, and steam flow measurement. Vortex flow meters are ideal for measuring saturated and supersaturated steam in...
(Flow Sensing)
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As we've discovered in Part 1 and Part 2 of this Flow Energy Management series, determining the best flow meter technology for flow energy management of gas, liquid and steam applications depends on...
(Test Equipment Maintenance and Repair)
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In part 1 of our Flow Energy Management series, we identified the 3 Killer Flow Energy Management Applications that will reduce energy costs: compressed air & natural gas measurement, steam...
(Flow Sensing)
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Video: https://youtu.be/3naKb4-o6sk Which mass flow controller will work best for my application? Many times, we have had university professors and students contact us in tech support about which...
(Flow Sensing)
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More and more, buzz words like “flow energy� or “flow energy management� have become prevalent as companies grapple to control costs, reduce energy use, and comply with government...
(Flow Sensing)
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A water flow meter is a device that measures the amount of water flowing through a pipe. There are several water flow meter technologies to choose from depending on the water measurement...
(Flow Sensing)
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It is a fact that in order to comply with various government rules and regulations, oil and gas companies have to continually take natural gas samples to prove the gas composition and amount of gas...
(Flow Sensing)
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Editor’s Note: This post was originally published on November 28, 2011. Due to its popularity and continued questions on this issue, we updated the post on March 9, 2018. Choosing the right...
(Flow Sensing)
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Vortex flowmeter technology is an ideal technology for many applications particularly saturated and supersaturated steam, volumetric water applications as well as flow energy management (natural gas,...
(Flow Sensing)
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Many of us have heard the sound of pipes banging as we turn a faucet on or off. This sound is the water in the pipe being forced to stop or suddenly change direction and is called “water hammer.�...
(Flow Sensing)
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Since the early twentieth century, geothermal energy has been used to produce electricity. In the 1980’s and 90’s, rapid expansion in the demand for geothermal energy put pressure on...
(Flow Sensing)
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Imagine this: You’ve got your flow meter with 4-20mA output setup. Confidently, you flip the switch, turning it on and then it happens-the readings are off. You’re not getting the...
(Flow Sensing)
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The EPA's Boiler MACT (Maximum Achievable Control Technology) regulations are heating up. Boiler MACT is an EPA rule to limit hazardous air pollutants (HAP) from commercial and industrial boilers and...
(Flow Sensing)
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Use this infographic to learn how counting molecules saves you money and increases accuracy in results....
(Flow Sensing)
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Thermal dispersion mass flowmeters comprise a family of instruments for the measurement of the total mass flow rate of a fluid, primarily gases, flowing through closed conduits....
(Flow Sensing)
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This paper describes an advanced microprocessor-based thermal dispersion mass flow meter that uses four temperature sensing elements in its flow sensor instead of the traditional two elements and has...
(Flow Sensing)
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Part 1 of this two-part series describes the principle of operation of a new microprocessor-based thermal dispersion mass flow meter that uses four temperature sensing elements in its flow sensor and...
(Flow Sensing)
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The measurement and control of gas flows in production, refinery and R&D operations has a direct effect on efficiency, costs, safety, and environmental standards....
(Flow Sensing)
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Pharmaceutical and biotech companies can fine-tune costs, quality, and emissions if they are equipped with more effective measurement systems....
(Process Controllers)
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This paper describes capillary tube mass flow meters and controllers for use in general purpose industrial and laboratory applications and in the fabrication of semiconductor devices. It provides a...
(Flow Sensing)
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As the drive towards energy independence in the United States continues at full speed, oil and gas companies are turning to hydraulic fracturing to increase production. Increasingly stringent state...
(Flow Sensing)
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The heat is on. Most facilities managers are in the hot seat to account for all of the flow energy, going in and out of their facility which is no easy task. This mandate is no different for steam...
(Flow Sensing)
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The flare gas discussion is heating up again. According to the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), U.S. oil production is at an all-time high, and so are the harmful methane emissions from leaks, flaring...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Mid-to-large size facilities and campuses inevitably have hundreds of  ow instruments to monitor, maintain, and repair. For a reliability engineer, ensuring that all instrumentation meets ISO 9000 or...
(Flow Sensing)
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Since the publication of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) standard on thermal dispersion mass flowmeters in 2011, there have been major advancements in the technology. A review of...
(Flow Sensing)
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This paper describes a newly developed microprocessor-based thermal dispersion mass flow meter that uses four temperature sensing elements in its flow sensor instead of the traditional two elements...
(Flow Sensing)
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The flow of natural gas in pipelines is often complicated by changes in the composition of the gas. The method described in this paper solves the problem of variable composition via a new...
(Flow Sensing)
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For gas mass flow measurement and control, Sierra offers the broadest selection of thermal mass flow measurement products on the market. This is because our thermal mass flow products incorporate two...
(Flow Sensing)
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Since the introduction of ultrasonic transit-time flow meters, manufacturers have continually improved their measurement and signal processing capabilities. Recent advances in digital correlation...
(Flow Sensing)
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This white paper, part 3 of our core technology series, explores the mechanics and science that make up a multivariable vortex meter by showing the evolution from the original idea of a vortex...
(Flow Sensing)
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As oil prices remain high, we are in the midst of a nation-wide initiative to seek renewable sources of energy to increase energy efficiency and energy security. Renewable energy accounted for 13.2%...
(Flow Sensing)
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Unlike oil, natural gas exists in abundance in the United States. Of the natural gas consumed in the United States in 2011, 95% was produced domestically. The U.S. Energy Information Administration...
(Flow Sensing)
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Faced with less time and personnel to devote to an increasing range of control and measurement problems, engineers must often weigh the cost of inaccuracy against the initial and maintenance cost of...
(Flow Sensing)
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John Olin, founder and CEO of Sierra Instruments, Inc., in Monterey, California, provides a historical perspective on the development of thermal mass flow measurement....
(Flow Sensing)
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It is a fact of the industry that oil and gas companies are required, by various rules and regulations, to routinely perform gas sampling to establish gas composition, flow rates and gas properties....
(Flow Sensing)
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Generating electricity in a natural gas power plant is a complex process due to the multiple steps involved with the different types of fluids being used and optimized. Dr. John Olin, Founder of...
(Calibration Instruments, Standards and Reference Sources)
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Editor's Note: This post was originally published on April 25, 2012. Due to its popularity and continued questions on this issue, we updated the post on 2/2/2018. We often have engineers and...
(Flow Sensing)
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An ultrasonic flow meter utilizes ultrasound to measure the velocity of a fluid and is used in a variety of fluid applications. Ultrasonic flowmeters are ideal for water and other liquids. Clamp-on...
(Flow Sensing)
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A flow meter works by measuring the amount of a gas, liquid or steam that passes through or around the flow meter sensors. While flow meter sensors work in many different ways, the end goal is the...
(Flow Sensing)
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An insertion-type (immersible) thermal flow meter works by measuring the total mass flow rate of air/gas flowing through a pipe or duct. In a thermal flow meter’s simplest working...
(Flow Sensing)
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In our last blog, we discussed how plant and operation managers are searching for ways to manage the flow energy in their facility to cut costs and increase their process efficiency. After the...
(Flow Sensing)
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Learn to optimize performance through proper installation and maintenance....
(Process Controllers)
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We can all agree that our economics and external drivers have changed in the last four weeks. The emergence of COVID-19 has changed the way we work, socialize and think about the world. In Sierra's 45...
(Flow Sensing)
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When it comes to flow meters, what matters to plant managers and engineers alike is if their meter is measuring flow accurately and reliably. They want to know they can depend on the data their meter...
(Flow Sensing)
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For engineers and facility managers looking at their production operations to improve process efficiency, reduce costs, and find ways to meet sustainability and environmental governance regulations,...
(Process Controllers)
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Mass flow controllers offer precision gas flow control to many critical industries including biopharm, semicon, food & beverage, manufacturing, and R&D. As the technology demands increase in these...
(Flow Sensing)
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Measuring the movement of gases is critical in many industries. Inaccurate flow measurements can lead to waste, inefficiencies, loss of revenue, and safety hazards. With so many types of flow meters...
(Flow Sensing)
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Know your options when selecting the appropriate flowmeter technology to measure natural gas, water and steam in power generation....
(Test Equipment Maintenance and Repair)
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Engineers, process managers, and technicians rely on flow meters to deliver the precise, real-time data they need to handle, transfer, and store fluids safely and efficiently in applications from oil...
(Flow Sensing)
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Accurately measuring the flow of gas mixtures is often complicated by changes in composition over time. Over the last five years, multi-path ultrasonic meters have been an ideal technology for...
(Flow Sensing)
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Are rising energy costs and process inefficiencies impacting your bottom line? In today's industrial environments, controlling energy costs while maximizing operational efficiency is essential for...
(Flow Sensing)
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Nearly every major city around the globe has a district energy system that provides thermal energy to its buildings. In these underground infrastructures, thermal energy is provided to multiple...
(Gas Sensing)
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The associated gas generated from oil production has received a lot of attention recently. In many areas, the lack of gas collection infrastructure requires this gas to be flared off. Many...
(Flow Sensing)
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Every municipality throughout the country has a wastewater treatment plant to safely treat water that enters back into our environment. This doesn't mean they are immune to problems. One of the...
(Flow Sensing)
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Flow meters and controllers are used every day in general purpose industrial and laboratory applications and in the semiconductor industry. Have you ever wondered how capillary tube flow meters work?...
(Flow Sensing)
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Compliance with EPA regulations for boilers and process heaters results in efficient operation and lower greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding flow measurement technology can help in this effort....
(Flow Sensing)
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Not all flow meters are the same. It's like choosing a car. All cars are designed to move you from point A to B. However, if you live high up in the mountains you might want a truck or a tougher built...
(Flow Sensing)
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When it comes to efficient bioreactor performance, precision mass flow control gas is critical. It is essential that bioreactor manufacturers have reliable, repeatable, and flexible gas supply systems...