Actuators play a key role in moving machinery across a wide range of fields, including manufacturing, robotics, and medical equipment.The term “actuator” is a general term for devices that use energy sources such as electricity, hydraulics, or pneumatics to move moving parts. They are widely used in everyday scenarios, such as the opening and closing mechanisms of automatic doors and the joint drives of robotic arms. While the term “actuator” is used broadly, there are multiple types—including electric, pneumatic, and hydraulic—and their mechanisms and optimal operating ranges vary.

This article provides a systematic explanation of actuators, covering everything from their basic definition and the mechanisms of each type to their typical applications. We also outline key selection criteria based on specific applications, so you can use this information as a reference for product design and component selection.