Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Reference Materials

Description: When migrating assembly language programs from one family of microcontrollers to another, the first question is almost always: ?What?s the equivalent opcode?? Some operations, like addition and ...

Description: This application note describes the design of a singleended loop antenna for rfPIC12F675 transmitters. The PCB design will cover all 3 frequency bands from 290 MHz through 930 MHz with a few component ...

Description: It is the responsibility of engineers to get the most performance and capability out of the resources available. In this application note, we present ideas that have helped previous designs reduce ...

Description: This document describes how to modify the PICDEM LIN for use with a MCP201. The PICDEM LIN is equipped with an engineering version of the Microchip LIN bus transceiver. The transceiver can be replaced ...

Description: The Microchip PICmicro® PIC18 family of microcontrollers are popularly known for their logic and controlling functions. In addition, these microcontrollers have built-in hardware multipliers and ...

Description: Today, design engineers rely more on microprocessors and microcontrollers to support their applications. Compatible analog-to- digital (A/D) and digital-to-analog (A/D) converters have greatly ...

Description: Microchip's TC642, TC643, and TC646 are the world's first integrated circuits dedicated for controlling and monitoring fan speed. The new family of fan speed controllers modulate fan speed to ...

Description: This application note describes how to use a PIC16F877A as an I2C master to communicate with the Microchip MCP23016 I2C I/O Expander slave device. ...

Description: This Application Note describes an automotive exterior lighting control module using a PIC16C433. This unit also communicates over a Local Interconnect Network (LIN) bus as a slave controller. The ...

Description: The PICkit™ 1 FLASH Starter Kit is a low cost programmer for Microchip's 8/14-pin FLASH microcontrollers. On the surface, the PICkit 1 is an easy to use programmer. What may not be so obvious to ...

Description: Traditionally, the microcontroller stack has only been used as a storage space for return addresses of sub-routines or interrupt routines, where all ?push? and ?pop? operations were hidden. For the ...

Description: Almost all temperature sensor circuits use some form of discrete component (such as a thermistor or a solid-state sensor) to actually measure the environment?s temperature. It is left to the ...

Description: By using low-cost microprocessors and a program-controlled numerical-integration technique, you can achieve good noise rejection and take full advantage of the higher speeds offered by recently ...

Description: The Microchip PIC18C family of microcontrollers provides an integrated Controller Area Network (CAN) solution, along with other PICmicro ® features. Although originally intended for the ...

Description: The Microchip PIC18XXX8 family of microcontrollers provide an integrated Controller Area Network (CAN) solution along with other PICmicro® features. Although originally intended for the ...

Description: Firmware Flow Chart ...

Description: Bipolar low dropout regulators (LDOs) have become common place in a variety of portable applications, such as cell phones, pagers and PDAs. Their popularity stems from small packaging, high output ...

Description: Microcontroller and microprocessor based systems rely on processor supervisory functions to insure stable operation. The most basic of all these functions is managing the processor reset input. To ...

Description: Programmable Switch Mode Controllers (PSMC) are not just for switching power supplies. This technical brief describes how to use the PIC16C781 PSMC in combination with the Integrated Operational ...

Description: In many heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) applications, air handler motors are either off, or on at full speed. However, by adding variable speed control to the air handler, ...

Description: This application note discusses what microcontroller supervisory devices are, why they are needed and some factors to consider when choosing one. Supervisory devices is a broad term that encompasses ...

Description: The MCP2510 stand-alone CAN controller was originally developed to give CAN system and module designers more flexibility in their design by allowing them to choose the best processor for their ...

Description: The PIC17C4X high end microcontroller family, offered by Microchip, has many features which make it one of the fastest 8-bit microcontrollers in the industry. However one feature which is missing is ...

Description: The purpose of this application note is to introduce a PIC16CXXX based ADB interface which can be used as a basis for the development of custom ADB devices. This application note describes; the ...

Description: Typical embedded control applications place demands such as low power consumption, small size, low cost and reduced component count onto the microcontroller. This application note implements a 24-hour ...

Description: The Microchip Technology Inc.?s 24CXX and 85CXX Serial EEPROMs feature a two wire serial interface bus. The bus protocol is I 2 C compatible. Interface to a serial port with I 2 C bus protocol in a ...

Description: With the advent of MPLAB-C, the Microchip C-compiler, many PICmicro users need to embed existing assembly language routines and/or Microchip application notes into C. This application note explains ...

Description: The PIC16C5X series from Microchip Technology Inc., are 8-bit, high-speed, EPROM-based microcontrollers. This application note describes an implementation of an asynchronous serial I/O using a ...

Description: This application note interfaces a micrange PICmicro device to a Hitachi LM032L LCD character display module, with a two line by twenty character display. LCD modules are useful for displaying text ...

Description: This Application Note provides a basic introduction to the features and uses of Liquid Crystal Displays (LCD). At the end of this Application Note, you should be able to answer the following ...

Description: This application note discusses the use of the MPASM assembler's conditional assembly to automatically switch between program memory pages or to set the data memory banks. These macros, along with the ...

Description: Interfacing a serial EEPROM to a controller can be a confusing task, especially for first time users. Because communication with a parallel memory device is more straightforward, the advantages of ...

Description: The PIC17C42 has an on-chip high speed Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (USART). The serial port can be configured to operate either in full-duplex asynchronous mode or half ...

Description: PIC16C5X microcontrollers from Microchip are ideally suited for use as smart peripheral devices under the control of the main processors in systems, due to their low cost and high speed. They are ...

Description: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modules, which produce basically digital waveforms, can be used as cheap Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converters only a few external components. A wide variety of ...

Description: The PICmicro? family of RISC microcontrollers has been designed to provide advanced performance and a cost-effective solution for a variety of applications. This application note provides examples ...

Description: The purpose of this application note is to design a clock while multiplexing the features as much as possible, allowing the circuit to use the 18-pin PIC16C54. Other devices in the Microchip line ...

Description: The PIC16C5X/XX microcontrollers from Microchip Technology Inc., provide significant execution speed and code-compaction improvement over any other 8-bit microcontroller in its price range. The ...

Description: The Microchip MTA85XXX family of microcontrollers are multichip modules which contain a PIC16C54A or PIC16C58A microcontroller and a Microchip Technology 24LC01B or 24LC02B EEPROM. This application ...

Description: Many embedded applications require the generation of analog signals. Although separate D/A converter IC?s exist on the market today, their extra price makes them prohibitive in cost sensitive embedded ...

Description: This application note presents an implementation of the following fixed point math routines for the PICmicro microcontroller families: Multiplication,Division. Routines for the PICmicro ...

Description: This application note presents implementations of the following math routines for the Microchip PICmicro microcontroller family: square root function, exponential function, base 10 exponential ...

Description: The PIC16C5X has one 8-bit timer (Timer0), which can be used with an 8-bit prescaler. The prescaler runs asynchronously, hence it can count a very high frequency. The minimum rise and fall times of ...

Description: This application note presents an implementation of the following floating point math routines for the PICmicro microcontroller families: float to integer conversion,integer to float ...

Description: This application note presents an implementation of the following floating point math routines for the PICmicro microcontroller families: float to integer conversion,integer to float ...

Description: The mouse is becoming increasingly popular as a standard pointing data entry device. There is no doubt that the demand for the mouse is increasing. Various kinds of mice can be found in the market, ...

Description: This application note describes the implementation of various digital filters using the PIC17C42, the first member of Microchip?s 2nd generation of 8-bit microcontrollers. The PIC17C42 is a very high ...

Description: This application note discusses how to retrieve data from program memory to data memory and write data from data memory to program memory. ...

Description: Object ranging is essential in many types of systems. One of the most popular ranging techniques is ultrasonic ranging. Ultrasonic ranging is used in a wide variety of applications including: ? ...

Description: Microchip's PIC16CXXX microcontroller family are ideally suited to directly interface to a keypad. The high 4-bits of PORTB (RB7:RB4) have internal pull-ups and can trigger a ?change on state? ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need non-volatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: This application note fully describes the working of a code hopping decoder implemented on a Microchip PIC16C56 microcontroller. Background is given on the various KEELOQ® code hopping encoders ...

Description: Embedded applications increasingly want more integration and power, in less space for less cost. Using low power Serial EEPROMs (SEE) for application firmware, lookup tables, and microcode coupled ...

Description: This application note provides some utility math routines for Microchip's second generation of high performance 8-bit microcontroller, the PIC17C42. Three assembly language modules are provided, ...

Description: Code written for a PIC16C54A device can be easily modified and used in a PIC16C58A. Therefore, a PIC16C58A may be used in place of a PIC16C54A. The PIC16C58A and the PIC16C54A are pin-compatible ...

Description: Many applications require driving LEDs along with an interface to a keypad. Implementing such designs usually involves using up significant amounts of the processors I/O lines. This application note ...

Description: The total write operation time for a Serial EEPROM is determined by three main elements: ? Number of bytes to load for each write operation ? Bus clock speed at which the write operation is loaded ? ...

Description: This paper discusses the EMI results of the PIC16C54A. These measurements were taken by an independent consulting firm that specializes electromagnetic testing. These results are for a specific system ...

Description: The PICMASTER system supports Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). This feature allows the contents of the trace buffer to be transferred to other windows applications such as Microsoft Excel?. This ...

Description: PIC16C5X microcontrollers are ideal for implementing low cost combinational and sequential logic circuits that traditionally have been implemented using either numerous TTL gates or using programmable ...

Description: When powering up any microcontroller it is necessary for the power supply voltage to traverse voltage ranges, where the device is not guaranteed to operate, before the power supply voltage reaches its ...

Description: For any application to begin proper operation, the application must power-up properly. Many criteria must be taken into account to ensure this. The PICmicro? devices integrate several features to ...

Description: The PIC16C62X devices create a new branch in Microchip?s PIC16CXXX 8-bit microcontroller family by incorporating two analog comparators and a variable voltage reference on-chip. The comparators ...

Description: There are applications where a significant amount of data memory is required beyond what is in the micro-controller. For example, buffering communications data, creating large volatile tables and ...

Description: The purpose of this application note is to demonstrate how KEELOQ® code hopping technology can be conveniently employed to implement an automatic code hopping password generator/keypad. Using a ...

Description: This application note describes an LCD controller implementation using a PIC16C55 microcontroller. This technique offers display capabilities for applications that require a small display at a low ...

Description: This application note is intended for PIC16C7X users with some degree of familiarity with analog system design. The various sections discuss the following topics: ? Commonly used A/D terminology ? How ...

Description: The PICmicro? families of RISC microcontrollers aredesigned to provide advanced performance and a cost-effective solution for a variety of applications. To address these applications, there is the ...

Description: The PICmico? family of RISC microcontrollers has been designed to provide advanced performance and a cost-effective solution for a variety of applications. This application note provides examples ...

Description: Once again, because of its universal familiarity and range of functionality, the clock is used to convey the use of the PIC16C92X microcontrollers. In this case we have added a twist to the clock with ...

Description: With the arrival of the PIC18FXX8X family of microcontrollers featuring the Enhanced Control Area Network (ECAN) module, designers can now choose between the original CAN module present in the ...

Description: When migrating assembly language programs from one family of microcontrollers to another, the first question is almost always: "What's the equivalent opcode?" Some operations, like addition and ...

Description: Dynamic memory allocation is a nice functionality that is provided with virtually all PC-based compilers. However, not all microcontroller compilers have such capability, most likely due to the lack ...

Description: The PIC18FXXXX family offers the largest range of on-chip enhanced FLASH program memory and the richest selection of peripherals in the current line of Microchip microcontrollers. The PIC18F8XXX ...

Description: Among the many features built into Microchip's Enhanced FLASH Microcontroller devices is the capability of the program memory to self-program. This very useful feature has been deliberately included ...

Description: PIC17CXXX microcontroller (MCU) devices can be serially programmed using an RS-232 or equivalent serial interface. As shown in Figure 1, using just three pins, the PIC17CXXX can be connected to an ...

Description: This application note discusses using the MCP23008 and MCp23S08 GPIO Expanders with a 6-pin PIC10F202 microcontroller unit (MCU). The discussion is based on the MCP23X08 Evaluation Board, ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: The TC72 is a digital CMOS silicon temperature sensor that provides an accurate digital temperature measurement. Data is converted from an internal diode temperature-sensing element to a digital ...

Description: J1939 is a series of SAE recommended practices that have been developed to provide a standard architecture by which multiple electronic systems on a vehicle can communicate. It was developed by the ...

Description: Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuits are increasingly used in microcontrollers to achieve higher internal clock frequencies. This allows better performance while reducing overall noise. Several of ...

Description: The PIC16F639 is a suitable microcontroller for bidirectional communications and low-frequency sensing applications. The device includes a PIC16F636 microcontroller and a three channel Low-Frequency ...

Description: An induction motor can run only at its rated speed when it is connected directly to the main supply. However, many applications need variable speed operations. This is felt the most in applications ...

Description: CANopen is a field bus protocol based on the Controller Area Network (CAN). As the name implies, it is a open network standard accepted throughout the world. While created as a field bus protocol for ...

Description: The recent interest in intelligent power supplies has driven the development of a new class of microcontroller friendly PWM generators. These PWM generators are the mixed signal control blocks for ...

Description: TB077 Advantages of Microchip's Cascaded Op Amps Author: Kumen Blake Microchip Technology Inc. V IN V OUT INTRODUCTION Microchip has introduced cascaded dual op amps: R R 2 4 R R 1 3 MCP627X (2 MHz), ...

Description: Digital compasses have become popular in the past few years due to the advancement of magnetic sensors and feature-rich microcontrollers. Compass applications have increased from simple, hand-held ...

Description: One of the earliest circuits in home electronics is the venerable incandescent AC lamp dimmer. It is also one of the most challenging circuits to get right. In this technical brief we will examine how ...

Description: The purpose of the firmware is to show how to generate specific I2C transactions with software using a PICmicro microcontroller. In doing so, the specific details of the I2C protocol are also shown ...

Description: The MCP6S21/2/6/8 family of one, two, six or eight channel Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGA) communicate using a standard 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI™) protocol. This application ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: When connecting an SPI™ master device, like a microcontroller, to an SPI slave device such as an EEPROM, understanding the command sequence sent to the memory is vitally important. With the aid ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: This application note presents a LIN 2.0-compliant driver for the PIC18XXXX family of microcontrollers. This document will focus on the setup and implementation of the driver for a master and/or a ...

Description: Power consumption is an important element in designing a system, particularly in today's battery powered world. The PICmicro family of devices has been designed to give the user a low-cost, low-power, ...

Description: Microchip Technology's PICDEM™ USB Demonstration Board (DM163010) was designed as a development platform for PlC16C745/765 USB microcontrollers, prior to the introduction of the PIC184550 family ...

Description: The PIC16F639 is a suitable microcontroller for bidirectional communications, remote passive keyless entry and low-frequency sensing applications. The device includes a PIC16F636 microcontroller and a ...

Description: There is a lot material out there about microcontroller programming. Most of it focuses on the software side of things - orthogonal instruction sets, code optimization, high-level language programming ...

Description: The embedded systems world is filled with sensing and measurement techniques that present non-linear output results. If the sensing technique is well characterized, a mathematical transfer function ...