Power Generation and Storage Reference Materials

Description: Batteries often serve as the main energy source for portable electronic devices. Although they depend on batteries, portable consumer electronic products, such as GPS and multi-media players, often ...

Description: This application note describes the Excel spreadsheet to design base station coils. The spreadsheet file name is basestaxls. The basic approach used is to choose the driver circuit driving voltage and ...

Description: The PICREF-5 Reference Design offers a ready-made SMBus Level-3 battery charger/selector solution. ...

Description: With the introduction of smaller surface mount (SMT) packages, it is becoming increasingly important to know their maximum power handling capability in specific applications. The power dissipation ...

Description: Most of the recently introduced advanced KEELOQ® Encoders, like the HCS362, HCS365, HCS370 and HCS412, have provisions for controlling a multiple stage RF transmitter or a Phase Locked Loop (PLL) ...

Description: This application note defines the ac specifications of voltage feedback operational amplifiers (Op Amps). Directly following these definitions, related amplifier circuits are given where the ...

Description: Operational amplifiers (op amps) are as prolific in analog circuits as salt and pepper is on food. They are sprinkled throughout the sensor data acquisition system, performing a variety of functions. ...

Description: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) systems use radio frequency to identify, locate and track people, assets, and animals. Passive RFID systems are composed of three components an interrogator ...

Description: The PIC16C72A is a member of the PICmicro ® Mid-Range Family of 8-bit, high-speed microcontrollers. The PIC16C72 provides the following features: 5 Channel, 8-bit Analog-to-Digital Converter ...

Description: Two low-cost integrated circuits can be combined to create a simple digital frequency meter. The combination of a frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC) and a dual-slope, analog-to-digital display ...

Description: Beyond the primitive transistor, the operational amplifier is the most basic building block for analog applications. Fundamental functions such as gain, load isolation, signal inversion, level ...

Description: This application note describes how the TC7106/A/7107 3-1/2 digit analog-to-digital converters with liquid crystal display drive can be powered from ±5V power supplies using low cost regulators such ...

Description: Passive RFID tags utilize an induced antenna coil voltage for operation. This induced AC voltage is rectified to provide a voltage source for the device. As the DC voltage reaches a certain level, the ...

Description: The low on-resistance and high current carrying capability of power MOSFETs make them preferred switching devices in SMPS power supply design. However, designing with these devices is not as ...

Description: More and more, battery operated systems are requiring lower terminal voltages to power internal circuits. Multi-cell designs are rapidly migrating to single-cell architectures to reduce system cost. A ...

Description: True differential converters can offer many advantages over single-ended input A/D Converters (ADC). In addition to their common mode rejection ability, these converters can also be used to overcome ...

Description: This reference design is a high efficiency, high power factor and digital dimming electronic ballast designed to drive rapid start fluorescent lamp types. The design contains an active power factor ...

Description: Most CMOS ICs,given proper conditions, can "latch,"(like an SCR) creating a short circuit from the positive supply voltage to ground. This application note explains how this occurs and what can be ...

Description: Conventional wisdom says smaller is better where battery operated wireless systems are concerned. Higher silicon integration and smaller package technology have shrunk system electronics to the point ...

Description: The Analog-to-Digital converter (A/D) is the primary tool that allows analog signals to be quantized into the world of digital electronics. Once the signal is digitally represented, it can be stored, ...

Description: The TC4426/4427/4428 are high-speed power MOSFET drivers built using Microchip Technology's tough CMOS process. They are improved versions of the earlier TC426/427/428 family of high-speed power ...

Description: The TC4420/4429 are 6A high-speed MOSFET drivers available in an 8-pin SOIC package, 8-pin CerDIP and PDIP packages, and a 5-pin TO-220 package. These parts have additional improvements over the TC429 ...

Description: Proper modular design can make a system more flexible, easier to maintain and update, and most of all, can help get the design completed faster. In fact, modules or subsystems design can happen in ...

Description: Microchip's TC54 series of voltage detectors are designed to supersede a variety of discrete comparator circuits and bipolar technology voltage detectors. ...

Description: RF bandwidths for cellular systems such as AMPS, TACS, GSM, TDMA, and CDMA range from 800MHz to 1.0GHz. To provide RF transmissions over this range of frequencies, Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) has become ...

Description: One of the most difficult circuits to build is one which will divide one analog signal by another. Two voltage-to-frequency (V/F) converters can do such division with ease. The numerator is counted ...

Description: The PIC14C000 comes with several peripherals specifically aimed at the battery market. The programmable reference and onboard comparators are useful for creating charge control circuits, while the ...

Description: This application note provides the schematics, software listings, and circuit board layout for a PIC16C73 based Smart Battery Charger. The Demo Board, DC101, is available to selected customers through ...

Description: This application note describes a simple method for measuring parameters from the AC power line. Parameters such as zero crossing, frequency, and relative phase can be measured. This method is useful ...

Description: New design methods and components bring high intelligence to battery charger and power-management applications. When developing intelligent power management systems, very complex and cumbersome ...

Description: Powering today's portable world poses many challenges for system designers. The use of batteries as a prime power source is on the rise. As a result, a burden has been placed on the system designer to ...

Description: The Nixie tube is a device born out of the middle twentieth century, used to display digital information in a human readable format. Basically, it is a high-voltage numerical display. Today, the Nixie ...

Description: The 16HV785 provides an unprecedented level of configurability for charging lead battery packs. Its precise, 10-bit Analog-to-Digital converter and high-frequency Pulse-Width Modulator enable the ...

Description: In most power electronic applications, the power input is in the form of a 50 Hz or 60 Hz sine-wave AC voltage provided by the electric utility, which is then converted to a DC voltage. Increasingly, ...

Description: AN1149 Designing A Li-Ion Battery Charger and Load Sharing System With Microchip's Stand-Alone Li-Ion Battery Charge Management Controller However, most of the time, batteries are designed to be ...

Description: Typically, simple battery chargers do not provide the intelligence to charge different battery technologies or batteries with the same technology but different voltages and capacities. At best, this ...

Description: AN1088 Selecting the Right Battery System For Cost-Sensitive Portable Applications While Maintaining Excellent Quality BATTERY CHEMISTRIES Author: Brian Chu Microchip Technology Inc. There are three ...

Description: Energy, which is being generated during the braking process of fast rotations or heavy masses, used to be converted into useless heat by means of bulky brake resistors. Today, innovative drive ...

Description: When Facility or Maintenance Engineers, Operations Managers or Power Provision Operators consider back-up power options that include battery systems, it is quite typically as a "last line of defense" ...

Description: When charging the typical lead acid battery a portion of the charging current, that which is in excess of that required to maintain 100% state of charge, will electrolyze water in the electrolyte thus ...

Description: Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) protection can be delivered through a single-module approach or through redundant systems. Redundancy enables higher availability of critical systems and is ...

Description: We would like to think the VRLA battery would have an infinite life - especially if it is not being "used" (cycled) and only remains on continuous charge being maintained for eventual use. However, ...

Description: The numbers of plates that are connected in parallel determine the capacity of a cell. For example, if one set of positive and negative plates is capable of providing 5 ampere hours capacity at the ...

Description: "High-Availability" power systems require Reliability, Functionality, Maintainability, and Fault Tolerance. The distribution of AC power between your UPS and load equipment will ultimately determine ...

Description: First, the Bad News: All UPS equipment and switchgear, regardless of manufacturer, should be completely de-energized for preventive maintenance at least once per year. This maintenance generally ...

Description: A "shorted" lead acid battery has the capability of delivering an extremely high current, 100 to 1000 times the typical discharge current used in most applications. Electrical systems using batteries ...

Description: Internal battery ohmic measurements have been a hot topic amongst battery users and battery manufacturers for the last ten or twelve years. Everyone seems to agree that measuring the internal ...

Description: When to replace your battery is a critical and inevitable decision for the battery user. Replace too late and reliability of the battery and the systems they serve to protect will be degraded ...

Description: Valve regulated lead-acid batteries have been known to fall victim to thermal runaway. A number of factors can contribute to this problem, though most common is a combination on high temperature and ...

Description: Battery monitoring has become a very popular topic, and many companies have either purchased equipment or are in the process of evaluating these systems. This paper discusses why monitoring is ...

Description: Conductance is a measurement of the plate surfaces available for chemical reaction. High relative conductance is a reliable indication of a healthy battery.Conductance declines as the battery fails. ...

Description: The use of conductance technology to access battery state of health has resulted in a series of questions about conductance testing. The following are answers to come of the most frequently asked ...

Description: One of the most confusing issues impacting the lead acid battery industry centers on the interpretation and implementation of the standard 20-year product warranties offered by battery manufacturers. ...

Description: Predicting a battery's performance without actually discharging it has long been a topic of great interest. Battery conductance [1-8] and impedance magnitude have proven very useful in predicting ...

Description: Stationary batteries require care in two distinct areas. The first involves the need to conduct routine inspections of the system which includes collection of operational data while the battery is in ...

Description: The first signs of the incompatibility between conventional building power distribution systems and personal computers became obvious in the mid-1980s as more and more personal computers appeared in ...

Description: This is a brief explanation of an important subject matter. If you want to know more about changes you can make that can save you money on your electric bills, get in touch with your electric utility ...

Description: Powered industrial trucks. - 1910.178 ...