Microprocessors and Microcontrollers Reference Materials

Description: One of the earliest circuits in home electronics is the venerable incandescent AC lamp dimmer. It is also one of the most challenging circuits to get right. In this technical brief we will examine how ...

Description: The purpose of the firmware is to show how to generate specific I2C transactions with software using a PICmicro microcontroller. In doing so, the specific details of the I2C protocol are also shown ...

Description: The MCP6S21/2/6/8 family of one, two, six or eight channel Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGA) communicate using a standard 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI™) protocol. This application ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: When connecting an SPI™ master device, like a microcontroller, to an SPI slave device such as an EEPROM, understanding the command sequence sent to the memory is vitally important. With the aid ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: This application note presents a LIN 2.0-compliant driver for the PIC18XXXX family of microcontrollers. This document will focus on the setup and implementation of the driver for a master and/or a ...

Description: Power consumption is an important element in designing a system, particularly in today's battery powered world. The PICmicro family of devices has been designed to give the user a low-cost, low-power, ...

Description: Microchip Technology's PICDEM™ USB Demonstration Board (DM163010) was designed as a development platform for PlC16C745/765 USB microcontrollers, prior to the introduction of the PIC184550 family ...

Description: The PIC16F639 is a suitable microcontroller for bidirectional communications, remote passive keyless entry and low-frequency sensing applications. The device includes a PIC16F636 microcontroller and a ...

Description: There is a lot material out there about microcontroller programming. Most of it focuses on the software side of things - orthogonal instruction sets, code optimization, high-level language programming ...

Description: The embedded systems world is filled with sensing and measurement techniques that present non-linear output results. If the sensing technique is well characterized, a mathematical transfer function ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: The 25XXX series serial EEPROMs from Microchip Technology are SPI compatible and have maximum clock frequencies ranging from 3 MHz to 20 MHz. Many times when designing an application which utilizes a ...

Description: VF control using the Sine PWM algorithm is a popular algorithm for AC induction motor control; however, this algorithm has certain drawbacks which affect the overall system efficiency. A more advanced ...

Description: AN1138 A Digital Constant Current Power LED Driver drive current for this type of LED would be 350 mA and Author: Stephen Bowling a typical forward voltage would be 3.5V. Secondly, we Microchip ...

Description: AN1157 A Serial Bootloader for PIC24F Devices FIGURE 1: BOOTLOADER FUNCTIONAL Author: Brant Ivey BLOCK DIAGRAM Microchip Technology Inc. Bootloader Firmware UxRX UxTX INTRODUCTION ® One of the ...

Description: AN1152 Achieving Higher ADC Resolution Using Oversampling THEORY OF OPERATION Author: Jayanth Murthy Madapura Microchip Technology Inc. As previously mentioned, ADCs transform analog signals into ...

Description: AN643 Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation ® Using PIC Microcontrollers 3.00. The ITU (formerly CCITT) G.721 ADPCM algo- Author: Rodger Richey rithm is well known and has been implemented ...

Description: AN1106 Power Factor Correction in Power Conversion Applications ® Using the dsPIC DSC The low cost and high performance capabilities of the Author: Vinaya Skanda DSC, combined with a wide variety ...

Description: AN1156 Battery Fuel Measurement Using Delta-Sigma ADC Devices Today's integrated battery fuel gauging devices include Author: Youbok Lee, Ph.D. both the ADC and the control logic circuits. The feature ...

Description: AN1094 Bootloader for dsPIC30F/33F and PIC24F/24H Devices SYSTEM CONCEPT Author: Leonard Elevich and Veena Kudva Microchip Technology, Inc. The bootloader target application is located in the ...

Description: The circuit and firmware described in this application note demonstrates a minimal parts count driver/controller for a high-power (1W or greater) LED. The circuit is based on a buck topology switching ...

Description: This application note presents the design equations, schematics and source code for a 5.5W power LED driver using the PIC16F785 MCU. The application, as shown, can be connected to operate as a ...

Description: AN1104 Capacitive Multibutton Configurations inputs. The third approach creates an expandable Author: Keith Curtis system, which relies on multiplexing additional Microchip Technology Inc. sensors ...

Description: This technical brief describes solutions for common I/O pin issues for 8-bit PIC® devices (PIC10, PIC12, PIC16 and PIC18). Whether an I/O is configured as an input or output is determined by its ...

Description: AN1148 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Consider a message of 'M' of 'k' bits and generator Author: Sudhir Bommena polynomial 'G' of 'n + 1' bits. Dividing the message by Microchip Technology Inc. the ...

Description: AN1044 ® Data Encryption Routines for PIC24 and dsPIC Devices Triple DES (TDES) is a variant of DES, and is Authors: David Flowers and described in FIPS 46-2 and 46-3. TDES uses three Howard ...

Description: TB1092 Designing Heat Meters using PIC16F9XX Microcontrollers Water meters output in three forms: cubic feet, gallons Author: Rodger Richey and Ezana Haile or cubic meters. We need to calculate the ...

Description: When designing embedded microcontroller applications, one of the greatest challenges can be the creation of the power supply for the microcontroller. Particularly when the only supply voltage ...

Description: The PIC16F913/914/916/917/946 microcontroller family provides an integrated LCD Driver module that directly drives LCD displays. In large scale applications, directly driving a custom LCD display can ...

Description: AN1061 Efficient Fixed-Point Trigonometry Using CORDIC Functions For PIC16F TABLE 1: SIN(x) FUNCTION CALL Author: Jose Benavides SPECIFICATIONS WITH Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16F877A AT 20 MHZ ...

Description: AN1095 Emulating Data EEPROM for PIC18 and PIC24 ® Microcontrollers and dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers Packed Page - The new current page after the pack Author: David Otten and routine is ...

Description: AN1120 Ethernet Theory of Operation However, with ubiquitous deployment, internet Author: M. Simmons connectivity, high data rates and limitless range Microchip Technology Inc. expansibility, Ethernet ...

Description: AN1182 Fonts in the Microchip Graphics Library The character sets that produce the display's font Author: Paolo Tamayo images are central to the cost problem. While English Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Description: AN1111 An FTP Server Using BSD Socket API FEATURES Author: Sean Justice Microchip Technology Inc. The FTP server provided here does not implement all FTP functionality, it is a minimal server that is ...

Description: AN1136 How to Use Widgets in Microchip Graphics Library For details about the PIC24F family of microcontrollers, Author: Paolo Tamayo refer to the "PIC24FJ128GA010 Family Data Sheet" Anton Alkhimenok ...

Description: Microchip Technology Inc. provides a number of analog and serial-output Integrated Circuit (IC) temperature sensors. The typical accuracy of these sensors at room temperature is within one degree ...

Description: AN1136 How to Use Widgets in Microchip Graphics Library For details about the PIC24F family of microcontrollers, Author: Paolo Tamayo refer to the "PIC24FJ128GA010 Family Data Sheet" Anton Alkhimenok ...

Description: AN1045 Implementing File I/O Functions Using Microchip's Memory Disk Drive File System Library have two electrically determined signals, card detect Author: Peter Reen and write-protect, that allow ...

Description: AN595 Improving the Susceptibility of an Application to ESD-Induced Latch-up This short circuit will tend to reduce the voltage level on Author: David Wilkie the application (particularly if the ...

Description: The 25XXX series serial EEPROMs from Microchip Technology support a half-duplex protocol that functions on a master-slave paradigm that is ideally suited to data stream applications. The bus is ...

Description: AN1081 Interfacing a 4x4 Matrix Keypad with an 8-Bit GPIO Expander * I/O Direction Register (IODIR): The IODIR Author: Mike Curran register controls the direction of the port pins. A Microchip ...

Description: TB097 Interfacing a Micro Crystal MS1V-T1K 32.768 kHz Tuning Fork Crystal to a PIC16F690/SS SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM Author: Steven Bible Microchip Technology Inc. The schematic for the circuit is shown in ...

Description: AN1174 ® Interfacing Baseline PIC MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs The main features of the 11XXX devices are: Author: Chris Parris * Single I/O pin used for communication ...

Description: The 25XXX series serial EEPROMs from Microchip Technology are SPI compatible and have maximum clock frequencies ranging from 3 MHz to 20 MHz. Many times when designing an application which utilizes a ...

Description: AN1188 ® Interfacing Mid-Range PIC MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs The main features of 11XXX serial EEPROMs are: Author: Chris Parris * Single I/O pin used for communication ...

Description: AN1183 Interfacing PIC18 MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs The main features of 11XXX serial EEPROMs are: Author: Chris Parris * Single I/O pin used for communication Microchip ...

Description: AN946 Interfacing the MCP2122 to the Host Controller The 16x clock is used for the baud clock timing (trans- Author: Mark Palmer mit and receive). There are 16 16x clocks (16XCLK) for Microchip ...

Description: AN1101 Introduction to Capacitive Sensing A SHORT HISTORY Author: Tom Perme Microchip Technology Inc. While capacitive sensing has been around for more than 50 years, it is becoming increasingly ...

Description: AN1064 IR Remote Control Transmitter receiver. The IR light then travels through the air and is Author: Tom Perme detected at the receiver by a photo-diode. The photo- John McFadden diode is often ...

Description: Infrared communication is a low-cost method of providing wireless, point-to-point communication between two devices. The Infrared Data Association, often referred to as IrDA, was formed in 1994 to ...

Description: AN1102 Layout and Physical Design Guidelines for Capacitive Sensing FIGURE 1: EXAMPLE PAD SIZES AND Author: Tom Perme SHAPE Microchip Technology Inc. 0.500 x 0.500 INTRODUCTION (12,7 x 12,7) This ...

Description: AN1099 LIN 2.0 Compliant Driver Using the PIC16FXXX Family Microcontrollers LIN 2.0 CHANGES Authors: Thorsten Waclawcyzk Microchip Technology Inc. * Signal groups are replaced with byte arrays that ...

Description: TB1098 Low-Power Techniques for LCD Applications Each pixel/segment of the LCD display can be Author: Brian Claveria modeled as a capacitor. Including both the internal Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Description: TB3006 MCP1701 vs MCP1701A vs MCP1702 OPERATION Author: Matthew Williams Microchip Technology Inc. Thermal Protection The MCP1702 thermal protection circuitry will shut- INTRODUCTION down the LDO if ...

Description: TB090 MCP2030 Three-Channel Analog Front-End Device Overview FIGURE 1: PIN DIAGRAM Author: Youbok Lee, Ph.D. Microchip Technology Inc. 14-pin TSSOP, SOIC, PDIP INTRODUCTION V V 1 14SS SS The MCP2030 ...

Description: AN1072 Measuring VDD Using the 0.6V Reference chosen for this feature, although there are other capa- Author: Tom Perme ble devices. The ADC Block Diagram for the Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16F690 ...

Description: AN1108 Microchip TCP/IP Stack with BSD Socket API LIMITATIONS Author: Abdul Rafiq ® Microchip Technology Inc. The stack is designed for the embedded PIC -based platform, so there are some ...

Description: AN1151 Meter CalibrationMICROCHIP'S DEMO BOARD CALIBRATION VS. PROPER METER Each phase was calibration sequentially, starting with CALIBRATION phase A. (Note 2) stepEach phase calibration process was ...

Description: AN1024 PKE System Design Using the PIC16F639 base station unit. Furthermore, due to antenna Author: Youbok Lee, Ph.D. orientation properties, the input signal level at the Microchip Technology Inc. ...

Description: AN926 Programming the Pocket PC OS for Embedded IR Applications Appendix A: "Example Irda Standard System Author: Joseph Snyder, Microchip Technology Inc. Description" describes the system and ...

Description: The majority of embedded control systems require nonvolatile memory. Because of their small footprint, byte level flexibility, low I/O pin requirement, low-power consumption, and low cost, serial ...

Description: AN1175 Sensorless Brushless DC Motor Control with PIC16 MOTOR CONTROL Author: Joseph Julicher Dieter Peter BLDC motor control consists of two parts. Part 1 is Microchip Technology Inc. commutating the ...

Description: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP), an Internet protocol, was designed to manage network devices: file servers, hubs, routers, etc. However, it is also useful to manage and control embedded ...

Description: AN1103 Software Handling for Capacitive Sensing Initialization Author: Tom Perme Microchip Technology Inc. To begin, the hardware must be properly initialized. A detailed depiction of the proper ...

Description: Microcontrollers are rapidly gaining ground as required components in the design of Switching Mode Power Supply designs (SMPS). Their flexibility and programmable nature gives manufacturers the ...

Description: AN820 M TM System Supervisors in ICSP Architectures CIRCUITRY BACKGROUND Author: Ken Dietz Microchip Technology Inc. MCP120 Output Stage A simplified schematic for the MCP120 output stage is shown in ...

Description: AN576 Techniques to Disable Global Interrupts ing this instruction, the program would complete execu- tion of this instruction, and then immediately branch to Author: Mark Palmer the user's interrupt ...

Description: AN1176 USB Device Stack for PIC32 Programmer's Guide ASSUMPTIONS Author: Bud Caldwell Microchip Technology Inc. 1. Working knowledge of C programming language 2. Familiarity with the USB 2.0 protocol ...

Description: The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is a simple and common interface for connecting peripheral devices to a personal computer or other host. To harness its flexibility and power with minimal effort, ...

Description: AN1197 Using a Hardware Module to Interface 8051 MCUs with SPI Serial EEPROMs The main features of the 25XXX serial EEPROMs are: Author: Alexandru Valeanu * SPI-compatible serial interface bus ...

Description: AN1076 ® Using a PIC Microcontroller for DMX512 Communication place of auto-transformers, becoming quite popular, Author: Parthiv Pandya particularly the 0-10V analog consoles. Still, this ...

Description: AN1147 2 Interfacing 8051 MCUs with I C™ Serial EEPROMs This application note is part of a series that provide Author: Alexandru Valeanu source code to help the user implement the protocol ...

Description: AN1184 Using a Timer to Interface 8051 MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs The main features of 11XXX serial EEPROMs are: Author: Alexandru Valeanu * Single I/O pin used for ...

Description: AN1196 ® Using a Timer to Interface Mid-Range PIC MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs The main features of 11XXX serial EEPROMs are: Author: Samujjwal Dey * Single I/O pin used ...

Description: AN1187 Using a Timer to Interface PIC18 MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs The main features of 11XXX serial EEPROMs are: Author: Pinakin K. Makwana * Single I/O pin used for ...

Description: AN1190 Using ASM and a Hardware Module to Interface 2 8051 MCUs with I C™ Serial EEPROMs This application note is part of a series that provide Author: Alexandru Valeanu source code to help the ...

Description: AN1185 Using C and a Timer to Interface 8051 MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs Some of the main features of 11XXX serial EEPROMs Author: Alexandru Valeanu are: Microchip Technology ...

Description: AN1186 Using C and a Timer to Interface MSP430 MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs Some of the main features of 11XXX serial EEPROMs Author: Alexandru Valeanu are: Microchip ...

Description: The 24XXX series serial EEPROMs from Microchip Technology support a bidirectional, 2-wire bus and data transmission protocol. The bus is controlled by the microcontroller (master), which generates the ...

Description: AN1193 Using C to Interface 8051 MCUs with SPI Serial EEPROMs The main features of the 25XXX serial EEPROMs are: Author: Alexandru Valeanu * SPI-compatible serial interface bus Microchip Technology ...

Description: AN1191 Using C18 and a Timer to Interface PIC18 MCUs with UNI/O™ Bus-Compatible Serial EEPROMs The main features of 11XXX serial EEPROMs are: Author: Chris Parris * Single I/O pin used for ...

Description: The 25XXX series serial EEPROMs from Microchip Technology are SPI compatible and have maximum clock frequencies ranging from 3 MHz to 20 MHz. The SPI module available on dsPIC33F Digital Signal ...

Description: AN765 Using Microchip's Micropower LDOs EQUATION 1: Author: Paul Paglia, V = V []()R ? R + 1Microchip Technology Inc. OUT REF 1 2 V =1.20V REF INTRODUCTION Microchip Technology, Inc.'s family of ...

Description: AN1079 2 Using the C30 Compiler and the I C™ Peripheral to Interface Serial EEPROMs with dsPIC33F This application note is intended to serve as a Author: Martin Bowman reference for ...

Description: AN1100 Using the C30 Compiler to Interface Serial EEPROMs with dsPIC33F Figure 1 describes the hardware schematic for the Author: Martin Bowman interface between Microchip's 24XXX series devices ...

Description: AN1096 Using the C30 Compiler to Interface SPI Serial EEPROMs with dsPIC33F and PIC24F This application note provides assistance and source Author: Martin Kvasnicka code to ease the design process of ...

Description: This application note describes a vector control application that is written for the dsPIC30F family of devices. Except for a brief discussion on control theory, the information presented assumes you ...

Description: AN1137 Using the MCP1631 Family to Develop Low-Cost Battery Chargers COMMON CHARGE PROFILES Author: Terry Cleveland Microchip Technology Inc. NiMH Charge Profile INTRODUCTION Figure 1 shows a typical ...

Description: AN879 Using the Microchip Ultra Low-Power Wake-Up Module current consumption. These types of applications Authors: Ruan Lourens require a low-power periodic wake-up and can be Jose Benevides ...

Description: AN1085 Figure 9 illustrates the resulting schematic design from Analyze the Integrated DC/DC 1A Regulator input requirements The Analyze tab implements a circuit solution that will in Figure 7. It ...

Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...

Description: AN1030 Weigh Scale Applications for the MCP3551 This application note will focus specifically on load Author: Jerry Horn, Gordon Gleason cells, a type of strain gauge that is typically used for ...

Description: Hint 1: Verifying quadrature encoder signals in a motion control system Using a mixed analog and digital signal oscilloscope to simultaneously monitor the signal levels of a quadrature encoder, an ...

Description: Prevention of unauthorized reproduction of an embedded system intellectual property (IP) is achievable with the use of a device that provides on-chip IP protection capabilities. An example of such a ...

Description: Atmel's AT76C503A is a single-chip USB controller that provides all the processing and functionality required for the Media Access Control (MAC) protocol of wireless LANs at up to 11 Mbps. It focuses ...

Description: High Level Languages (HLLs) are rapidly becoming the standard methodology for embedded microcontrollers due to improved time-to-market and simplified maintenance support. In order to ensure that the ...