Help with Fuel Testers specifications:
Tested Fuel
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| Alcohol / Ethanol | Alcohol-based liquid fuels. | ||
| Aviation / Jet Fuel | Specialized fuels used in commercial, military and other aircraft. | ||
| Biomass / Wood | Biomass consists of renewable energy sources derived from biological materials like wood chips, switchgrass, cellulose-laden scrap materials from sugarcane and corn harvesting, and bio-degrading organic wastes. These fuels are derived from recently living organisms (non-fossil fuels). | ||
| Butane | Butane is an alkane hydrocarbon fuel with the formula C4H10. | ||
| Coal | Coal is an abundant fossil fuel. Often black or brownish-black in color, coal is mined from sedimentary layers in the earth's crust. | ||
| Diesel / Biodiesel | Diesel and biodiesel are liquid fuels used in diesel engines. Diesel is derived from petroleum. Biodiesel is derived from natural sources like vegetable oils and animal fats. | ||
| Fuel Oil | Fuel oil is a fractional liquid fuel derived from petroleum distillation. It is often burned in furnaces or boilers to generate heat. | ||
| Gasoline | Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid primarily used to fuel internal combustion engines. | ||
| Hydrogen | Hydrogen is used to power emerging technologies like solid oxide fuels cells (SOFCs). Hydrogen fuel is a relatively non-polluting energy source and is environmentally friendly. | ||
| Naptha | Naptha is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbons derived from petroleum or coal tar. An economical fuel source, naptha is used to power gas turbines for electric production in parts of the world where it readily available. | ||
| Natural Gas / Methane | Natural gas is a fossil fuel that consists primarily of methane (CH4). | ||
| Propane | Propane is a compressible, three-carbon alkane gas (C3H8) derived from petroleum products during oil or natural gas processing. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Tester Features
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| Tester Features | |||
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| Supports Biofuel? | Can the testing device sample biomass fuels or biofuels? Biofuels are non-traditional, renewable fuels derived from a living organism, or the byproduct of a living organism. Examples include fuels derived from switchgrass and natural vegetable and plant oils (e.g., soybean oils). Biofuels are often developed by countries to assist in the domestic-sourcing of energy, and to help reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. | ||
| Supports Fuel Blend? | Is the testing device designed to handle fuels comprised of two or more constituents? An example mixture for testing is "E85 Ethanol", a common U.S. blend of approximately 85% denatured fuel ethanol mixed with gasoline or a similar hydrocarbon. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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Property Analyzed
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| Property Analyzed: | |||
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| Blend Composition | Testers determine the relative amounts of constituent materials on a percent mass or percent volume basis. Applications include liquid fuel testing. | ||
| Cloud Point (CP) | Cloud point (CP) is the temperature at which the dissolved solids in a sample separate out. As the term suggests, cloud point temperature is reached when a previously clear solution becomes cloudy. When diesel fuels or oils decrease in temperature, a wax separates out and forms a floating cloudiness on the surface. Paraffin wax deposits can plug-up fuel or oil filters. Cloud point (CP) can be thought of as the solubility limit of the sample in that particular solution. The minor sample-rich phase separates as small droplets are dispersed in the major water-rich phase. Cloud point temperature has largely replaced cold filter plug point (CFPP). CFPP testing requires a more complicated test procedure than CP testing. | ||
| Contamination / Impurities | Fuel tester determines presence or relative amounts of undesired constituents in the sample fuel material that may degrade energy efficiency and cause ongoing maintenance and performance problems in the ultimate consuming fuel system. For example, a solid-oxide fuel cell (SOFC) powered by hydrogen feedstock has degraded performance when small amounts of ammonia, aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, sulfur, and other contaminants are present in its fuel source. Fuel contamination - especially for biofuels - may also include amounts of dirt, inclusion, shives, stickle, bacterial, microbial or other undesirable foreign contaminants in a test sample. An evaluation of purity is very important for biofuels, coal, gasoline, hydrogen, natural gas, diesel and many other fuels. Specialized instruments or test equipment may be used to evaluate this. | ||
| Energy Density (Content) | Energy density is the amount of useful energy stored in a given material sample (solid fuel or liquid fuel), on a unit volume or unit mass basis. Units of measure include megajoules per kilogram and British thermal units (BTUs) per gallon. Energy density is also known as energy content, heat content, and specific energy. | ||
| Flash Point / Flammability | Flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid can form an ignitable mixture in air near the surface of the liquid. The lower the flash point, the easier it is to ignite the material. Flammability is a measure of how quickly a material will ignite and propagate combustion. Underwriters Laboratories (UL) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) have standards for the fire testing of materials. The UL 94 standard for flammability testing describes 12 flame classifications based on small-scale flame tests. UL 94 determines a material’s tendency to either propagate or extinguish a flame on an ignited and burning sample. UL 746A determine a material’s resistance to ignition. | ||
| Gelation | Gelation refers to the amount of time a sample needs to form a gel. In a resin cure, gelation occurs when resin viscosity has increased to a point such that it barely moves when probed with a sharp instrument. | ||
| Octane / Cetane Rating | The octane rating or number determines the resistance of gasoline or ethanol to early detonation, which causes engine knocking. Octane numbers vary from 0 to 100 (or higher for alcohol fuels). A fuel's octane number is measured by combusting the fuel in a test engine and comparing the results to tests on a standardized fuel mix (iso-octane and n-heptane mixture). Various octane boosters or anti-knock additives can be added to fuels to elevate the effective octane rating. Cetane numbers or ratings are used on diesel or biodiesel fuels that combust through compression. The cetane number or rating is a measure of the combustion delay during compression ignition. Higher cetane fuels ignite more quickly during the compression cycle compared to lower cetane fuels. | ||
| Pour Point | Pour point is the lowest temperature at which an undisturbed sample can be poured from a container. Often, is necessary to know how cold a particular sample can become before it loses its fluid characteristics. If a sample is chilled sufficiently, it eventually reaches a temperature at which it will no longer flow under the influence of gravity. For many applications, a sample that does not flow of its own accord at low temperatures will not provide satisfactory properties such as lubrication. | ||
| Stability / Stability Index | Testers determine the stability or stability index of a material based on some property. | ||
| Sulfur Content | Testers determine the amount of sulfur in materials like coal. | ||
| Total Base Number (TBN) / Total Acid Number (TAN) | Total base number (TBN) refers to reserve alkalinity, or to the amount of acid the oil or lubricant can absorb. Acids are formed during the combustion process, oxidation through heating or overheating, or through environmental, fuel or process contamination. Elevated sulfur levels in fuels increase sulfuric acid formation and reduce the TBN level overtime. Oils or lubricants with higher TBN values can disperse or suspend wear debris contaminants and mitigate the corrosive effects of acids over an extended time. The units for TBN are mg KOH/g or milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram. Total acid number (TAN) is the inverse of TBN. TAN indicates the level of acid contamination in the oil, grease, or lubricant. | ||
| Toxic Metal / Mercury Content | Frequently tested materials that are known to be harmful to humans, animals and other life include mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, polonium, and other radioactive metals and metalloids. Mercury naturally occurs in coal deposits and is emitted during the coal combustion process. Consequently, mercury content in coal fuel is often tested by a coal fuel testing device prior to use in coal-fired power plants. | ||
| Search Logic: | All products with ANY of the selected attributes will be returned as matches. Leaving all boxes unchecked will not limit the search criteria for this question; products with all attribute options will be returned as matches. | ||
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