An 8-inch(20.32 cm) CaF2 single crystal was grown by the Bridgman method. The crystal has complete appearance and no macroscopic defects such as cracking and scattering. After orientational cutting, a...

Excessive packaging objects will increase transportation costs, simple packaging will increase product insecurity, too complicated packaging will increase labor costs, and incomplete packaging...

Flat optics have a wide variety of applications, including windows, mirrors, filters, transmission optics, reference optics, and wedges. Windows are most often used to separate two environments while...