Oil refineries separate crude oil into a variety of feedstocks and final products through high pressure distillation processes, which require extremely high temperatures that can approach 750°F...

Industrial compressed air system leaks have been identified for decades as a serious cost issue that also adds to the strain on the electric grid, according the U.S. Department of Energy and many...

Achieving heating process efficiency improvements cannot occur without more accurate, reliable flow meters to control the burn....

From aeration lines to digester gases, from disinfection processes to pump flow protection, the right flow measurement instrumentation ensures optimal process operations and minimized maintenance that...

From aeration lines to digester gases, from disinfection processes to pump flow protection, the right flow measurement instrumentation ensures optimal process operations and minimized maintenance that...

In all electric power generation plants (gas, solar, coal or nuclear), the fuel source of choice heats a large boiler, which creates steam that drives turbine blades to rotate....

To specify a thermal mass flow meter correctly, there are 10 key questions you will want to understand, consider and then be able to answer. Being ready with the answers to these 10 questions will...

The Spacesuit Water Membrane Evaporator (SWME) - Spacesuit Evaporation Rejection Flight Experiment (SERFE) (Figure 2) was installed in November, 2020, on the ISS by Astronaut Kate Rubins. NASA will...

The various types of oxidizer system designs all rely on accurate and repeatable mass flow measurements. Knowing the amount of VOCs entering the system, combustion air and natural gas feeds to the...

Preserving the quality of stored grains such as barley, hops, wheat, corn and other crops has challenged farmers and food processors for millennia. Today's modern large grain storage facilities...

Wet gas is a challenge to measure in a number of industries, including those with combustible gases that represent a safety hazard. In the laboratory, today's air/gas flow sensors and measurement...

The accurate measurement and disposal of flare gases aboard floating production storage and offloading (FPSO) vessels is essential to manage these potentially hazardous combustible, flammable and...

Offshore platforms around the globe are essential to the production of oil/gas and the global energy supply chain, but they represent a daily hazardous operating environment to the employees that work...

Accurately measuring the flow and level of the various liquids and gases that travel through a process industry plant is a critical function for effective and efficient plant operations....

Flow meter calibration should never be taken for granted, and thermal mass flow meters are no exception. Flow meters can be built with the highest safety ratings, features and functions, and the most...

A major oil refinery's plant team ran into challenging issues when they attempted to optimize their large primary boiler system, which initially perplexed the plant's process engineers. After...

Accurate, repeatable air/gas flow measurement under harsh outdoor conditions is essential to successful wastewater treatment operations when used in aeration or digester biogas applications. The...

A refinery in Saudi Arabia needed to optimize its SRU system to increase its efficiency and reduce costs. The plant team at the refinery quickly identified the need for more accurate and reliable...

Wastewater treatment facilities use multiple processes and a variety of equipment to produce water clean enough for reuse. Each process within the treatment train may serve a different function yet...

A leading European-based marine terminal operator with locations on every major continent is responsible for the managing, handling, storing and distribution of large quantities of oil and gas, as...

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)® Code 30 defines safeguards to reduce the hazards associated with the storage, handling, and use of flammable and combustible liquids. In the USA, NFPA...

Wastewater treatment plants use numerous pumps in a variety of types and sizes to move water through the process. Depending on plant configuration, they may pump influent, activated sludge, thickened...

The accurate, repeatable flow measurement of air and gases is critical to the safe, efficient and cost-effective operation of turbomachinery and related equipment in the electric power generation,...

Driven by tight budgets and competing needs for limited CAPEX funds, wastewater treatment plants are increasingly looking to reduce their operating expenses. Many are now referring to themselves as...

Activated sludge systems have been a cornerstone of wastewater treatment for over 100 years. This biological process uses suspended growth microorganisms to break down and consume organics and remove...

The measurement of air and gases in chemical plants is essential in many functional applications, including safety, process control, product quality, production efficiency, environmental compliance...

When the plant team at HollyFrontier's Woods Cross Refinery, near Bountiful, Utah, needed mass flow meters to measure flare gas to the main flare header, the team drew on its past metering experiences...

The City of St. Cloud, Minnesota's wastewater treatment facility (Figure 1) is located in south St. Cloud and also services other nearby communities including St. Augusta, St. Joseph, Sartell, Sauk...

Air pollution emissions monitoring and control begins with accurate and reliable gas flow metering. There's an old industry truism that says "You can't control what you can't measure," and that...

During an upgrade project to install combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) technology, the process engineers at an electric power plant in Western Europe also wanted to maximize the efficiency of their...

To comply with internal procedures and ensure process integrity and quality, and/or comply with regulations and government mandates, flow meter users are often required to periodically validate and...

The European Union, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and many other global groups are working to reduce the greenhouse gases (GHGs) that are the main cause of the global warming...

When looking for a way to reduce plant operating costs, one of the potentially simplest and often least expensive solutions is to measure liquid and gas flow more accurately. Plant upgrade projects...

When looking for a way to reduce plant operating costs, one of the potentially simplest and often least expensive solutions is to measure liquid and gas flow more accurately. Plant upgrade projects...

Industrial pumps consume up to 20% of the world's energy production and can be responsible for 25 to 50% of a process plant's energy bill, according to Europump, the Hydraulic Institute and other...

A company with multiple natural gas liquid (NGL) fractionation process facilities located in the Southeastern U.S became concerned about a series of missed events and nuisance alarms caused by the...

In the oil and gas industry, regulations and requirements to measure, monitor and report flared gases continue to expand and extend. The USA EPA continues to focus on enhancing regulations aimed at...

When the plant team at a large semiconductor manufacturer in the northwestern region of the U.S. found its boilers were consuming an unusually large quantity of natural gas, the numbers simply didn't...

How do you operate new gas flow meters at an oil field without utility power service in the remote southern Bakken formation region of North Dakota? That was the challenge facing Legacy Reserves LP at...

The Rahway Valley Sewerage Authority (RVSA), which operates a large wastewater treatment plant in New Jersey, embarked on a green co-generation waste-to-energy project to power a portion of its...

A major oil producer in Alaska's North Slope region operates miles of transit pipeline as part of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline System (TAPS) within the U.S. National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska. The TAPS...

The water municipality at a mid-size city in the Western region of the U.S. serving a population of about 180,000 people needed to address a chlorine disinfection system problem at one of its water...

An independent Midwest refiner recently approved a project to improve the safety of its plant and reduce its costs for nitrogen gas used for tank blanketing. The company operates refineries in...

A major international mining operator extracting precious metals wanted to optimize its froth flotation cell's performance at one of its mines. The flotation cell was experiencing production...

A fast growing city in the arid desert regions of the Western U.S. recently addressed the need to expand its municipal service for new residents and subdivisions. In recent years, the city's...

One of the biggest expenses in wastewater treatment operations is the cost of energy to run the blowers and compressors that produce air for the aeration basins. The figures most often cited are that...

Turning raw water obtained from various ground or surface water supplies into clean potable water fit for human consumption or industrial purposes requires the removal of contamination sources. Such...

Thermal flow measuring technology has come a long way since the introduction of thermocouple technology and early hot wire anemometers. Thermal technologies depend on heat transfer and traditionally...

If you're planning to expand, upgrade or retrofit your plant in the near future, chances are that you'll be facing a real estate crisis when it comes to finding a place for all your new or upgraded...

The water used in the the cooling units, desalter units, and other water from throughout the plant creates a large amount of wastewater with VOC's that must be treated before it is recycled or...

While wireless technology has grown rapidly in terms of devices, functionality and availability in the consumer and commercial electronics markets, the wireless revolution is today a bit further...

In wastewater treatment plants, a variety of processes are employed to eliminate organic pollutants from water to ensure its safety and release for future uses. One of the most common processes is the...

Pumps are all too frequently one of the most overlooked and abused pieces of equipment in process automation, yet nothing moves without them and a process becomes inefficient when they don't operate...

Plant engineers have many flow measurement technology options when selecting flow sensors or flow meters to optimize heating-ventilation-air-conditioning (HVAC) and process control systems. It is...

Releasing combustible vapors and dangerous toxins into the atmosphere can result in emergency plant shutdowns. Such plant closures, which are often mandated by various government agencies, can be...

Digester gas is a mixed composition, consisting of methane, CO2 and trace gases. The amount of biogas flowing is a critical process parameter in order to prevent an excessive build-up of gas in the...

Many of today's large urban water treatment plants rely upon sophisticated chlorination processes in order to provide clean, sanitary water to millions of consumers in the US and around the globe. The...

Thermal flow measuring technology has come a long way since the introduction of thermocouple technology and early hot wire anemometers. Thermal technologies depend on heat transfer and traditionally...

The engineers at a municipal wastewater treatment utility were expanding their biogas digester system and were seeking an improvement over their existing, maintenance-intensive flow metering...

The measurement and control of air, gases and liquids in small line and batch processes is critically important. In many processes, these measurements are essential to achieving the best final product...

The EPA recently implemented new regulations entitled, "Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases." The new regulations called for certain facilities emitting 25,000 metric tons or more per year of...

It can be difficult at times to accurately monitor the use of consumables in many heat treating processes. A lot of the existing technology falls short when it comes to being highly accurate, capable...

In municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, sludge clarifiers are utilized to separate solids from the water treatment effluent system by introducing air and flocculants. This process...

Many municipal water treatment plants utilize Ozone Treatment Systems to produce clean water for residential and industrial users. While all the various types of water treatment systems have their...

The old saying, "an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of care" may have been coined by process and plant engineers tired of repairing or replacing pumps. Pumps are often the most under serviced...

Flow Conditioners are widely recognized and applied in order to correct flow profile distortions caused by upstream flow disturbances. These unpredictable flow profile variations are neutralized by a...

With the recent growth in demand and production of liquefied natural gas (LNG), there has been an increase in trade and the need to transport it globally via LNG tanker ships. This increase in LNG...

Process, instrument and plant engineers are challenged continuously by productivity and plant operating efficiency objectives as well as ensuring plant compliance with an ever expanding list of...

In oil/gas production, refining and storage operations around the globe, flare gas systems are used to burn-off and dispose of waste, excess or off-gases, and as a safety system. The accurate,...

As the costs of fuels and consumables (natural gas, hydrogen, oxygen, etc.) continue to rise, the ability to accurately measure the amount used in a process becomes significant in controlling costs...

To ensure quality production of petroleum-based products in oil refineries, including gasoline, diesel, kerosene, heating oil, and byproducts for plastics and a variety of lubricants, operators must...

As of 2010 most of the world's industrialized nations have recognized the climate change issues resulting from global warming that were presented in the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. Since that time, the...

Klargastechnik Deutschland GmbH is a leading bioengineering, designer, manufacturer and installer of biogas and digester gas processing equipment and systems that is headquartered in Germany....

Loading and unloading of tankers at tanker terminals, refineries, and chemical plants releases large flows of hydrocarbon gas vapour that must be captured to protect the environment....

If you need to increase your plant's productivity and reduce its operational costs, focusing on flow measurement can result in significant monetary savings, potential product quality improvements and...

Upgrading a plant's gas flow meters can improve process efficiency, reduce energy costs and save on maintenance expenses in both equipment and labor, as well as improve reporting accuracy to local...

F lare gas is the name given to the surplus waste gas produced during the extraction of crude oil and the subsequent refining process. It is typically vented to atmosphere and burned in a flare stack...

Process and plant engineers at municipal wastewater treatment facilities need to measure, monitor and dispose of methane (CH 4) and other digester gases that occur naturally in their operations. These...

A leading supplier of landfill gas extraction and recovery systems located in the Midwest region of the US relies on flow meters from Fluid Components International (FCI) for gas flow measurements in...

Upstream oil/gas production companies around the globe depend on mud logging service companies to analyze mud samples that help them maintain the correct direction for their drilling field operations....

To meet China's growing need for electric power generation, the Guohua Ninghai Power Plant has a total planned operating capacity of 4 x 600 MW [Phase 1]. The plant is located south of Shanghai in...

Gas chromatographs (GCs), mass spectrometers, optical spectrometers and photometers are a few examples of analyzer technologies applied in process and plant systems that need sample flow assurance. It...

Over the past couple of decades, the process industries have seen many changes when it comes to the design and implementation of emergency shutdown/safety systems. The introduction of several...

Richard Koeken, Fluid Components International (FCI), and Alessandro Esposito, Precision Fluid Controls, explain how flow meters can help refiners to optimise boiler air feed for sulfur recovery units...