Semiconductors Reference Materials
Reference Articles 1201 - 1300 of 1412
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Using PWM to Generate Analog Output
Description: Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) modules, which produce basically digital waveforms, can be used as cheap Digital-to-Analog (D/A) converters only a few external components. A wide variety of ...
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Using the Capture Module
Description: The PICmicro? family of RISC microcontrollers has been designed to provide advanced performance and a cost-effective solution for a variety of applications. This application note provides examples ...
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1.8 Volt Technology - Benefits
Description: Portability is and will continue to be one of the key features driving the design and development of new electronic equipment. Existing products such as palmtop computers, cellular phones and data ...
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A Clock Design Using the PIC16C54 for LED Displays and Switch Inputs
Description: The purpose of this application note is to design a clock while multiplexing the features as much as possible, allowing the circuit to use the 18-pin PIC16C54. Other devices in the Microchip line ...
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A Comparison of Low End 8 Bit Microcontrollers
Description: The PIC16C5X/XX microcontrollers from Microchip Technology Inc., provide significant execution speed and code-compaction improvement over any other 8-bit microcontroller in its price range. The ...
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Communicating with EEPROM in MTA8XXXX
Description: The Microchip MTA85XXX family of microcontrollers are multichip modules which contain a PIC16C54A or PIC16C58A microcontroller and a Microchip Technology 24LC01B or 24LC02B EEPROM. This application ...
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D/A Conversion Using PWM and R-2R Ladders to Generate Sine and DTMF Waveforms
Description: Many embedded applications require the generation of analog signals. Although separate D/A converter IC?s exist on the market today, their extra price makes them prohibitive in cost sensitive embedded ...
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Fixed Point Routines
Description: This application note presents an implementation of the following fixed point math routines for the PICmicro microcontroller families: Multiplication,Division. Routines for the PICmicro ...
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Floating Point Routines
Description: This application note presents implementations of the following math routines for the Microchip PICmicro microcontroller family: square root function, exponential function, base 10 exponential ...
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Frequency Counter Using PIC16C5x
Description: The PIC16C5X has one 8-bit timer (Timer0), which can be used with an 8-bit prescaler. The prescaler runs asynchronously, hence it can count a very high frequency. The minimum rise and fall times of ...
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IEEE 754 Compliant Floating Point Routines
Description: This application note presents an implementation of the following floating point math routines for the PICmicro microcontroller families: float to integer conversion,integer to float ...
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IEEE 754 Compliant Floating Point Routines
Description: This application note presents an implementation of the following floating point math routines for the PICmicro microcontroller families: float to integer conversion,integer to float ...
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Implementing a Simple Serial Mouse Controller
Description: The mouse is becoming increasingly popular as a standard pointing data entry device. There is no doubt that the demand for the mouse is increasing. Various kinds of mice can be found in the market, ...
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Implementing IIR Digital Filters
Description: This application note describes the implementation of various digital filters using the PIC17C42, the first member of Microchip?s 2nd generation of 8-bit microcontrollers. The PIC17C42 is a very high ...
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Implementing Table Read and Table Write
Description: This application note discusses how to retrieve data from program memory to data memory and write data from data memory to program memory. ...
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Implementing Ultrasonic Ranging
Description: Object ranging is essential in many types of systems. One of the most popular ranging techniques is ultrasonic ranging. Ultrasonic ranging is used in a wide variety of applications including: ? ...
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Implementing Wake Up on Keystroke
Description: Microchip's PIC16CXXX microcontroller family are ideally suited to directly interface to a keypad. The high 4-bits of PORTB (RB7:RB4) have internal pull-ups and can trigger a ?change on state? ...
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Interfacing Microchip Serial EEPROMs to Motorola(R) 68HC11 Microcontroller
Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need non-volatile memory. Because of their ...
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KEELOQ® Code Hopping Decoder Using a PIC16C56
Description: This application note fully describes the working of a code hopping decoder implemented on a Microchip PIC16C56 microcontroller. Background is given on the various KEELOQ® code hopping encoders ...
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Logic Powered Serial EEPROMs
Description: Embedded applications increasingly want more integration and power, in less space for less cost. Using low power Serial EEPROMs (SEE) for application firmware, lookup tables, and microcode coupled ...
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Math Utility Routines
Description: This application note provides some utility math routines for Microchip's second generation of high performance 8-bit microcontroller, the PIC17C42. Three assembly language modules are provided, ...
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Modifying PIC16C54A Code for the PIC16C58A
Description: Code written for a PIC16C54A device can be easily modified and used in a PIC16C58A. Therefore, a PIC16C58A may be used in place of a PIC16C54A. The PIC16C58A and the PIC16C54A are pin-compatible ...
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Multiplexing LED Drive and 4x4 Keypad Sampling
Description: Many applications require driving LEDs along with an interface to a keypad. Implementing such designs usually involves using up significant amounts of the processors I/O lines. This application note ...
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Optimizing Serial Bus Operations with Proper Write Cycle Times
Description: The total write operation time for a Serial EEPROM is determined by three main elements: ? Number of bytes to load for each write operation ? Bus clock speed at which the write operation is loaded ? ...
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PIC16C54A EMI Results
Description: This paper discusses the EMI results of the PIC16C54A. These measurements were taken by an independent consulting firm that specializes electromagnetic testing. These results are for a specific system ...
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PICMASTER Support of Microsoft Windows(TM) DDE
Description: The PICMASTER system supports Windows Dynamic Data Exchange (DDE). This feature allows the contents of the trace buffer to be transferred to other windows applications such as Microsoft Excel?. This ...
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PLD Replacement
Description: PIC16C5X microcontrollers are ideal for implementing low cost combinational and sequential logic circuits that traditionally have been implemented using either numerous TTL gates or using programmable ...
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Power-Up Considerations
Description: When powering up any microcontroller it is necessary for the power supply voltage to traverse voltage ranges, where the device is not guaranteed to operate, before the power supply voltage reaches its ...
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Power-up Trouble Shooting
Description: For any application to begin proper operation, the application must power-up properly. Many criteria must be taken into account to ensure this. The PICmicro? devices integrate several features to ...
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Resistance and Capacitance Meter Using a PIC 16C622
Description: The PIC16C62X devices create a new branch in Microchip?s PIC16CXXX 8-bit microcontroller family by incorporating two analog comparators and a variable voltage reference on-chip. The comparators ...
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TechBrief: Using SRAM with a PIC16CXX
Description: There are applications where a significant amount of data memory is required beyond what is in the micro-controller. For example, buffering communications data, creating large volatile tables and ...
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Using KEELOQ® to generate Hopping Passwords
Description: The purpose of this application note is to demonstrate how KEELOQ® code hopping technology can be conveniently employed to implement an automatic code hopping password generator/keypad. Using a ...
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Using PIC16C5x Microcontrollers as LCD Drivers
Description: This application note describes an LCD controller implementation using a PIC16C55 microcontroller. This technique offers display capabilities for applications that require a small display at a low ...
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Using the Analog to Digital Converter
Description: This application note is intended for PIC16C7X users with some degree of familiarity with analog system design. The various sections discuss the following topics: ? Commonly used A/D terminology ? How ...
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Using the Port B Interrupt on Change as an External Interrupt
Description: The PICmicro? families of RISC microcontrollers aredesigned to provide advanced performance and a cost-effective solution for a variety of applications. To address these applications, there is the ...
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Using the PWM
Description: The PICmico? family of RISC microcontrollers has been designed to provide advanced performance and a cost-effective solution for a variety of applications. This application note provides examples ...
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Yet Another Clock Featuring the PIC16C924
Description: Once again, because of its universal familiarity and range of functionality, the clock is used to convey the use of the PIC16C92X microcontrollers. In this case we have added a twist to the clock with ...
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1K, 2K and 4K Microwire EEPROM Migration
Description: Microchip Technology recently introduced a new family of Microwire serial EEPROMs with smaller packaging, faster write times, and faster bus speeds. In addition to this migration document, we ...
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8K and 16K Microwire EEPROM Enhancements
Description: The purpose of this document is to inform current or potential customers about changes made to Microchip's Microwire product line. More specifically, this document will focus on the 8K and 16K devices ...
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Comparing CAN and ECAN Modules
Description: With the arrival of the PIC18FXX8X family of microcontrollers featuring the Enhanced Control Area Network (ECAN) module, designers can now choose between the original CAN module present in the ...
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Converting from 8051 to Microchip Assembler: A Quick Reference
Description: When migrating assembly language programs from one family of microcontrollers to another, the first question is almost always: "What's the equivalent opcode?" Some operations, like addition and ...
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Driving Capacitive Loads With Op Amps
Description: Operational amplifiers (op amps) that drive large capacitive loads tend to have peaking and oscillation problems when they are not properly compensated. Other problems include: reduced bandwidth, ...
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Dynamic Memory Allocation for the MPLAB® C18 C Compiler
Description: Dynamic memory allocation is a nice functionality that is provided with virtually all PC-based compilers. However, not all microcontroller compilers have such capability, most likely due to the lack ...
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External Memory Interfacing Techniques for the PIC18F8XXX
Description: The PIC18FXXXX family offers the largest range of on-chip enhanced FLASH program memory and the richest selection of peripherals in the current line of Microchip microcontrollers. The PIC18F8XXX ...
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A FLASH Bootloader for PIC16 and PIC18 Devices
Description: Among the many features built into Microchip's Enhanced FLASH Microcontroller devices is the capability of the program memory to self-program. This very useful feature has been deliberately included ...
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How to Implement ICSP™ Using PIC17CXXX OTP MCUs
Description: PIC17CXXX microcontroller (MCU) devices can be serially programmed using an RS-232 or equivalent serial interface. As shown in Figure 1, using just three pins, the PIC17CXXX can be connected to an ...
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I/O Expansion Using the MCP23X08 and PIC10F202
Description: This application note discusses using the MCP23008 and MCp23S08 GPIO Expanders with a 6-pin PIC10F202 microcontroller unit (MCU). The discussion is based on the MCP23X08 Evaluation Board, ...
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Interfacing SPI™ Serial EEPROMs to Microchip PICmicro® Microcontrollers
Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...
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Interfacing the TC72 SPI™ Digital Temperature Sensor to a PICmicro® Microcontroller
Description: The TC72 is a digital CMOS silicon temperature sensor that provides an accurate digital temperature measurement. Data is converted from an internal diode temperature-sensing element to a digital ...
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J1939 C Library for CAN-Enabled PICmicro® Microcontrollers
Description: J1939 is a series of SAE recommended practices that have been developed to provide a standard architecture by which multiple electronic systems on a vehicle can communicate. It was developed by the ...
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Low-Cost Electric Range Control Using a Triac
Description: Most countertop cooking appliances like electric ranges, skillets and fryers have an adjustable mechanical thermostat to vary the heat output of the range. This solution is inexpensive, but there are ...
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Matching MOSFET Drivers to MOSFETs
Description: There are many MOSFET technologies and silicon processes in existence today, with new advances being made every day. To make a generalized statement about matching a MOSFET driver to a MOSFET based on ...
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PLL Jitter and Its Effects in the CAN Protocol
Description: Phase Locked Loop (PLL) circuits are increasingly used in microcontrollers to achieve higher internal clock frequencies. This allows better performance while reducing overall noise. Several of ...
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Practical PICmicro® Oscillator Analysis and Design
Description: There is a wealth of information written on the subject of designing and analyzing oscillator circuits. Sources range from academic and research papers to industry generated application guides. It is ...
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Using the PIC16F639 MCU for Smart Wireless Applications
Description: The PIC16F639 is a suitable microcontroller for bidirectional communications and low-frequency sensing applications. The device includes a PIC16F636 microcontroller and a three channel Low-Frequency ...
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VF Control of 3-Phase Induction Motors Using PIC16F7X7 Microcontrollers
Description: An induction motor can run only at its rated speed when it is connected directly to the main supply. However, many applications need variable speed operations. This is felt the most in applications ...
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A CANopen Stack for PIC18 ECANTM Microcontrollers
Description: CANopen is a field bus protocol based on the Controller Area Network (CAN). As the name implies, it is a open network standard accepted throughout the world. While created as a field bus protocol for ...
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A Simple Circuit for Driving Microcontroller Friendly PWM Generators
Description: The recent interest in intelligent power supplies has driven the development of a new class of microcontroller friendly PWM generators. These PWM generators are the mixed signal control blocks for ...
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Advantage's of Microchip's Cascaded Op Amps
Description: TB077 Advantages of Microchip's Cascaded Op Amps Author: Kumen Blake Microchip Technology Inc. V IN V OUT INTRODUCTION Microchip has introduced cascaded dual op amps: R R 2 4 R R 1 3 MCP627X (2 MHz), ...
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Amplifying High-Impedence Sensors ? Photodiode Example
Description: AN951 Amplifying High-Impedance Sensors - Photodiode Example and C reduce the output noise. The output noiseR N N Author: Kumen Blake and Steven Bible is also kept low by not over-compensating the ...
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Designing a Digital Compass Using the PIC18F2520
Description: Digital compasses have become popular in the past few years due to the advancement of magnetic sensors and feature-rich microcontrollers. Compass applications have increased from simple, hand-held ...
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Dimming AC Incandescent Lamps Using A PIC10F200
Description: One of the earliest circuits in home electronics is the venerable incandescent AC lamp dimmer. It is also one of the most challenging circuits to get right. In this technical brief we will examine how ...
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Interfacing I2C Serial EEPROMs to PIC18 Devices
Description: The purpose of the firmware is to show how to generate specific I2C transactions with software using a PICmicro microcontroller. In doing so, the specific details of the I2C protocol are also shown ...
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Interfacing MCP6S2X PGAs to PICmicro® Microcontroller
Description: The MCP6S21/2/6/8 family of one, two, six or eight channel Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGA) communicate using a standard 3-wire Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI™) protocol. This application ...
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Interfacing Microwire Serial EEPROMs to PIC16 Devices
Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...
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Interfacing Microwire Serial EEPROMs to PIC18 Devices
Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...
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Interfacing SPI™ Serial EEPROMs to PIC16 Devices
Description: When connecting an SPI™ master device, like a microcontroller, to an SPI slave device such as an EEPROM, understanding the command sequence sent to the memory is vitally important. With the aid ...
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Interfacing SPI™ Serial EEPROMs to PIC18 Devices
Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...
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LIN 2.0 Compliant Driver Using the PIC18XXXX Family Microcontrollers
Description: This application note presents a LIN 2.0-compliant driver for the PIC18XXXX family of microcontrollers. This document will focus on the setup and implementation of the driver for a master and/or a ...
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Low Power Design Using PICmicro™ Microcontrollers
Description: Power consumption is an important element in designing a system, particularly in today's battery powered world. The PICmicro family of devices has been designed to give the user a low-cost, low-power, ...
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Modifying the PICDEMTM USB Board for PIC18 Full-Speed USB Microcontrollers
Description: Microchip Technology's PICDEM™ USB Demonstration Board (DM163010) was designed as a development platform for PlC16C745/765 USB microcontrollers, prior to the introduction of the PIC184550 family ...
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PIC16F639 Microcontroller Overview
Description: The PIC16F639 is a suitable microcontroller for bidirectional communications, remote passive keyless entry and low-frequency sensing applications. The device includes a PIC16F636 microcontroller and a ...
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PICmicro® Device Programming: What You Always Wanted to Know (But Didn't Know Who to Ask)
Description: There is a lot material out there about microcontroller programming. Most of it focuses on the software side of things - orthogonal instruction sets, code optimization, high-level language programming ...
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Piecewise Linear Interpolation on PIC12/14/16 Series Microcontrollers
Description: The embedded systems world is filled with sensing and measurement techniques that present non-linear output results. If the sensing technique is well characterized, a mathematical transfer function ...
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Upgrading the ON Seminconductor MC33x64/34x64 Reset IC
Description: ON Semiconductor recommends the MC33x64 and MC34x64 series as the reset IC choice for microcontrollers. Consequently, they are some of the most commonly used processor supervisors for embedded ...
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Using the C18 Compiler and the MSSP to Interface Microwire EEPROMs with PIC18 Devices
Description: There are many different microcontrollers on the market today that are being used in embedded control applications. Many of these embedded control systems need nonvolatile memory. Because of their ...
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Using the C18 Compiler to Interface SPI Serial EEPROMs with PIC18 Devices
Description: The 25XXX series serial EEPROMs from Microchip Technology are SPI compatible and have maximum clock frequencies ranging from 3 MHz to 20 MHz. Many times when designing an application which utilizes a ...
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VF Control of 3-Phase Induction Motor Using Space Vector Modulation
Description: VF control using the Sine PWM algorithm is a popular algorithm for AC induction motor control; however, this algorithm has certain drawbacks which affect the overall system efficiency. A more advanced ...
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A Digital Constant Current Power LED Driver
Description: AN1138 A Digital Constant Current Power LED Driver drive current for this type of LED would be 350 mA and Author: Stephen Bowling a typical forward voltage would be 3.5V. Secondly, we Microchip ...
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A Serial Bootloader for PIC24F Devices
Description: AN1157 A Serial Bootloader for PIC24F Devices FIGURE 1: BOOTLOADER FUNCTIONAL Author: Brant Ivey BLOCK DIAGRAM Microchip Technology Inc. Bootloader Firmware UxRX UxTX INTRODUCTION ® One of the ...
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Achieving Higher ADC Resolution Using Oversampling
Description: AN1152 Achieving Higher ADC Resolution Using Oversampling THEORY OF OPERATION Author: Jayanth Murthy Madapura Microchip Technology Inc. As previously mentioned, ADCs transform analog signals into ...
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Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation using the PIC16/17
Description: AN643 Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation ® Using PIC Microcontrollers 3.00. The ITU (formerly CCITT) G.721 ADPCM algo- Author: Rodger Richey rithm is well known and has been implemented ...
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AN1106, Power Factor Correction in Power Conversion Applications Using the dsPIC® DSC
Description: AN1106 Power Factor Correction in Power Conversion Applications ® Using the dsPIC DSC The low cost and high performance capabilities of the Author: Vinaya Skanda DSC, combined with a wide variety ...
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Analog-to-Digital Converter Design Guide (.pdf)
Description: Selecting the most suitable A/D Converter (ADC) for your application is based on more than just the precision or bits. Different architectures are available, each exhibiting advantages and ...
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Battery Fuel Measurement Using Delta-Sigma ADC Devices
Description: AN1156 Battery Fuel Measurement Using Delta-Sigma ADC Devices Today's integrated battery fuel gauging devices include Author: Youbok Lee, Ph.D. both the ADC and the control logic circuits. The feature ...
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Bootloader for dsPIC30F/33F and PIC24F/24H Devices
Description: AN1094 Bootloader for dsPIC30F/33F and PIC24F/24H Devices SYSTEM CONCEPT Author: Leonard Elevich and Veena Kudva Microchip Technology, Inc. The bootloader target application is located in the ...
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Buck Configuration High-Power LED Driver
Description: The circuit and firmware described in this application note demonstrates a minimal parts count driver/controller for a high-power (1W or greater) LED. The circuit is based on a buck topology switching ...
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Buck-Boost LED Driver Using the PIC16F785 MCU
Description: This application note presents the design equations, schematics and source code for a 5.5W power LED driver using the PIC16F785 MCU. The application, as shown, can be connected to operate as a ...
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Capacitive Multibutton Configurations
Description: AN1104 Capacitive Multibutton Configurations inputs. The third approach creates an expandable Author: Keith Curtis system, which relies on multiplexing additional Microchip Technology Inc. sensors ...
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Common 8-Bit PIC® Microcontroller I/O Pin Issues
Description: This technical brief describes solutions for common I/O pin issues for 8-bit PIC® devices (PIC10, PIC12, PIC16 and PIC18). Whether an I/O is configured as an input or output is determined by its ...
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Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC)
Description: AN1148 Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) Consider a message of 'M' of 'k' bits and generator Author: Sudhir Bommena polynomial 'G' of 'n + 1' bits. Dividing the message by Microchip Technology Inc. the ...
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Data Encryption Routines for PIC24 and dsPIC Devices
Description: AN1044 ® Data Encryption Routines for PIC24 and dsPIC Devices Triple DES (TDES) is a variant of DES, and is Authors: David Flowers and described in FIPS 46-2 and 46-3. TDES uses three Howard ...
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Data Throughput and the MCP215X
Description: AN927 M Data Throughput and the MCP215X In many typical systems, the majority of data will travel Author: Mark Palmer either in one direction or the other. That is, the majority Microchip Technology ...
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Designing Heat Meters Using PIC16F9XX Microcontrollers
Description: TB1092 Designing Heat Meters using PIC16F9XX Microcontrollers Water meters output in three forms: cubic feet, gallons Author: Rodger Richey and Ezana Haile or cubic meters. We need to calculate the ...
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Designing with HV Microcontrollers
Description: When designing embedded microcontroller applications, one of the greatest challenges can be the creation of the power supply for the microcontroller. Particularly when the only supply voltage ...
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Driving Liquid Crystal Displays with the PIC16F913/914/916/917/946
Description: The PIC16F913/914/916/917/946 microcontroller family provides an integrated LCD Driver module that directly drives LCD displays. In large scale applications, directly driving a custom LCD display can ...
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Efficient Fixed-Point Trigonometry Using CORDIC Functions for PIC16F
Description: AN1061 Efficient Fixed-Point Trigonometry Using CORDIC Functions For PIC16F TABLE 1: SIN(x) FUNCTION CALL Author: Jose Benavides SPECIFICATIONS WITH Microchip Technology Inc. PIC16F877A AT 20 MHZ ...
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Emulating Data EEPROM for PIC18 and PIC24 MCUs and dsPIC DSCs
Description: AN1095 Emulating Data EEPROM for PIC18 and PIC24 ® Microcontrollers and dsPIC Digital Signal Controllers Packed Page - The new current page after the pack Author: David Otten and routine is ...
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Ethernet Theory of Operation
Description: AN1120 Ethernet Theory of Operation However, with ubiquitous deployment, internet Author: M. Simmons connectivity, high data rates and limitless range Microchip Technology Inc. expansibility, Ethernet ...
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Fonts in the Microchip Graphics Library
Description: AN1182 Fonts in the Microchip Graphics Library The character sets that produce the display's font Author: Paolo Tamayo images are central to the cost problem. While English Microchip Technology Inc. ...