Manufacturing and Process Equipment Reference Materials

Description: A clean metalworking fluid performs better and lasts longer than a dirty fluid. When recharging an individual machine or central system fluid tank, a cleanout of the tank is beneficial so that the ...

Description: One of the most critical operation in the metalforming process is the preparation of the formed metal part for a finishing operation. Whether the plate is to be plated, painted, chromated, or E-coated ...

Description: Cleaning and degreasing metal, plastic and glass by dipping, soaking or spraying with liquid cleaners is a common process in the manufacturing industry. Industrial parts washers remove grease, soil, ...

Description: A typical ultrasonic food cutting process uses a specialized blade horn to cut through a product that is often sticky. Ultrasonic frequency vibrations, applied to the horn during the process, aid in ...

Description: Photodiodes bridge the gap between light and electronics. Many times precision applications such as CT scanners, blood analyzers, smoke detectors, position sensors, IR pyrometers and chromatographs ...

Description: This application note will give designers a method to design their own Phase Lock Loop (PLL) filters for rfPIC transmitters, such as the rfPIC12C509 and the rfHCS362. First the circuit will be briefly ...

Description: For many years the consumer electronics industry has been employing infrared remote controls for the control of televisions, VCR?s, and cable boxes. This same tech-nology has recently started to ...

Description: Mechanical vibration and turbulent airflow present significant problems for most interferometric test methods. Conditions on the factory floor and in industrial clean rooms with high-capacity air ...

Description: Conditions on the factory floor and in industrial cleanrooms with high-capacity air filtration systems can hamper the use of interferometry. Another problem is the testing of large-aperture mirrors ...

Description: Wavefront measurement is important in the manufacture of individual optical components and for the optimization of sub-assemblies in optical data storage. The trend towards short-wavelength, high ...

Description: An on-axis, vibration insensitive, polarization Fizeau interferometer is realized through the use of a novel pixelated mask spatial carrier phase shifting technique in conjunction with a low coherence ...

Description: We demonstrate a new type of spatial phase-shifting, dynamic interferometer that can acquire phase-shifted interferograms in a single camera frame. The interferometer is constructed with a pixelated ...

Description: This document describes a PIC16C57 based code hopping automotive security system. The security system implements all the basic features found on security systems and can be changed to modify or add ...

Description: Mixing is one of the most ubiquitous unit operations in the processing world. And often times, improvements specific to the mixing step lead to overall big rewards that translate well in the balance ...

Description: The high-shear rotor/stator mixer (HSM), once relegated to a relatively narrow niche of mixing applications, has become a mainstay in many applications in the chemical process industries (CPI). The ...

Description: Lead-free soldering techniques have been available for some years. However, they do not always meet the same physical criteria for attachments as alloys containing lead. In the past, the most common ...

Description: Water & Wastewater International, November 2007 — Proper maintenance of cooling towers can be a dangerous, expensive and tedious undertaking. Here's some information on ways to make the process ...

Description: The purpose of Data Matrix symbol verification is to ensure reliability and consistency of symbols based on the strict criteria outlined in the ISO/IEC 15415, AS9132, and AIM DPM quality standards. ...

Description: When acquiring a process that involves one or several mixing steps, foresight for scale-up or expansion remains to be a subtle but important factor for long-term success. As production requirements ...

Description: Typically, the locating pins are used for controlled, fine tolerance positioning of a work piece. For example, a pallet that is moved along one axis, where the drive mechanism is not accurate and ...

Description: Do you need more air out of your air cooler or cooling tower? Do you have increased process demands? Obsolete or inefficient fans? Stricter noise specifications? There are numerous reasons to consider ...

Description: The following discussion describes the basic considerations in efficient axial flow fan design and illustrates features that will assist the reader in recognizing well-designed units. One of the most ...

Description: The most important requirement of a fan wheel is that it must impart to the air stream a uniform velocity and pressure over its entire area. Any well-designed axial flow fan wheel is sure to have two ...

Description: The total sound power produced by the fan can be calculated by the empirical formula below. The formula yields the Sound Power Level (PWL) in decibels. Logs are to the base 10: PWL = 55.2 + 30Log VT + ...

Description: Although fans must be selected to meet airflow requirements under maximum conditions, they may be operated at reduced flow a large part of the time. Reducing airflow as conditions permit should return ...

Description: Although fans must be selected to meet airflow requirements under maximum conditions, they may be operated at reduced flow a large part of the time. Reducing airflow as conditions permit can return ...

Description: This paper refers to the Noise Level Prediction option in the fan rating program furnished by Moore. The program will respond to your fan rating input by calculating the fan Sound Power Level (PWL) ...

Description: Variable speed drives are seeing ever increasing usage as an efficient way to control process temperatures by varying the airflow of an air cooler or cooling tower. Car must be taken, however, to ...

Description: It is generally recognized that variable speed motors offer an efficient means of precisely controlling airflow, reducing energy use and lowering noise level, but . . . The Problem: API Standard 661 ...

Description: In order to select a fan for a given performance, it is first necessary to know the density ratio of the air or other gas being handled - that is, the ratio of the actual density to the density of ...

Description: The question of how large a fan hub should be is commonly asked. The answer is simple: A hub must be large enough to pick up where the blades are no longer able to carry the load. As the radius is ...

Description: Alpenrose Dairy goes beyond being a producer of high quality dairy products; it is a family fun center. There is Alpenrose Stadium, "Dairyville", the Quarter-Midget Racing Arena, an Outdoor Velodrome, ...

Description: What do restaurant grease trap waste and bat guano have in common? Jay Minear, owner of DJ Environmental, can handle both. By using a sophisticated system to pretreat and dewater grease trap waste and ...

Description: King Quarry - Northern Wisconsin's foremost producer and supplier of natural stone products, was established in 1958 and is located in the picturesque community of Sugar Camp, Wisconsin. King Quarry ...

Description: Quad City Brick & Stone, Bettendorf, IA processes Indiana Limestone, Wisconsin Limestone, Rustic and Cocoa to produce face brick, cut stone and retaining walls. To expand capabilities and increase ...

Description: The Tewksbury Water Treatment Plant in northern Massachusetts is using a vacuum filtration/dewatering system to dewater up to 8,000 gpd of settled residuals produced during the clarification of 3mgd ...

Description: Did you know that song of the larger volume stone shops will consume well over 200 gpm of water daily? That's a lot of water. So what do you do with 20,000 to 100,000 gallons or more of wastewater a ...

Description: BETE has supplied nozzles for use in open and packed spray towers and jet bubbling reactors since the late 1950s. With the passage of the first Clean Air Act in the United States, it was natural for ...

Description: Drying is the process of removing liquid from solids by evaporation. The drying process has been used for thousands of years to reduce transport weight and increase the storage life of numerous ...

Description: There are a few things to keep in mind when choosing an ionizer. First start by deciding which style of ionizer will work best for you. This includes overhead ionizers, desktop ionizers, and gun type ...

Description: Since we have done quite a few product reviews lately, we have decided a basic "how-to" article would be an appropriate post. The following is a series of steps to take when practicing the art of ...

Description: It's been a year since the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive and the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) have mandated that lead be eliminated from electronic ...

Description: The first step in choosing a solder is to decide what metals are going to be bonded, because the type of metal used will greatly influence the type of solder used. Soft solders are often used with ...

Description: Workers usually wear gloves to protect the electronic items they are building from ESD but the gloves also serve as a barrier to protect the products from finger prints and scratches. Nitrile gloves ...

Description: In any screening application, achieving top-quality product and peak efficiency requires careful screen selection. This article explains how to choose the right woven wire screen for your application. ...

Description: Whether your screener scalps, removes fines, or grades material, the machine's failure can have costly consequences. A torn or otherwise compromised screen can force you to reprocess material, scrap ...

Description: The short life of a soldering tip is a common complaint among those who solder for work and those who solder for fun. The switch to lead-free solder has also taken a toll on the life of soldering ...

Description: This design utilizes stage-wise scrubbing and filtering of gases and contaminants in a compact, easy to maintain package. Inherent in the design is the flexibility to collect a diverse range of ...

Description: Arc flash can kill. Arc flash can be considered as a short circuit through the air. It produces tremendous energy that will travel outward from electrical equipment. An arc flash produces temperatures ...

Description: With negative headlines often surrounding the British car industry, it is easy to forget that major manufacturers continue to operate world-class volume vehicle production facilities in the UK. The ...

Description: Martin-Baker, the world's leading supplier of aircraft ejection seats, rely on Renishaw's QC10 ballbar and machine tool probe systems to manufacture complex, high-quality components. Martin-Baker ...

Description: The rise in the popularity of air bearing spindles for new applications owes much to the ability of modern machine tools to provide extremely tight dimensional tolerances and fine surface finishes. ...

Description: Renishaw's automatic tool setting and tool breakage detection systems recently installed at Hewland Engineering Ltd, are proving to be highly successful in raising productivity of transmission part ...

Description: Dunlop Aerospace Braking Systems, a part of Meggitt plc, is a global organisation that designs, develops and manufactures wheels and brakes for commercial and military aircraft applications. Aircraft ...

Description: As the demand for products in the world-market continues to push production, the requirements for high-speed automated processes capable of providing these products and components at lower cost and ...

Description: When considering a new piece of equipment, it is not all that different from shopping for a new car. Should I buy new, or will used be okay? I don't want to overspend, but I don't want to get stuck ...

Description: Rheology modifiers, commonly referred to as thickeners or viscosifiers, are everpresent in most products. The use of these additives cut across several process industries including food, ...

Description: In processing plants around the world, ribbon blenders are used to mix many thousands of products, from fertilizers and plastic resins to flavored coffees and cosmetics. The ribbon blender is one of ...

Description: As competition in virtually all industries intensifies and becomes more global, all manufacturers Are trying to do more with less in order to remain competitive. On the process line, that means ...

Description: Since most industrial processes don't take place in a beaker, we must always consider the real world behavior of high-shear batch mixers in large vessels. Thinking on a molecular level, we ask, "How ...

Description: Many people in and out of the electrical industry often search for a tool that will cut holes in metal both accurately and quickly, while leaving smooth edges. An ideal tool for the job is a knockout ...

Description: Find the amount of flash steam formed from condensate in downstream pipework due to the pressure drop across a throttling device like a steam trap. The calculator can also be used to size a flash ...

Description: ACU-RITE readouts are application-specific systems for the manual machine tool industry. The primary benefit is saving time and increased productivity. The addition of a readout system on any machine ...

Description: Delays in determining water to beer transition are costly to breweries. A number of methods exist for product transition monitoring, but an optical system is the quickest and easiest to use. For a ...

Description: Your air pollution control system represents a significant investment in not only initial capital but also ongoing maintenance and operation. Routine inspections performed by your staff combined with ...

Description: Barry Industries products with a "CT" metallization scheme are widely used in customer applications that require solder mounting. This application note addresses the requirements for soldering to ...

Description: Because both hot and cold water pressure washers have models with the same flow rate, the same pressure and the same capability of cleaning indoors or outdoors, it begs the question: how do I choose ...

Description: Fiber abrasive brushes are typically used to deburr extrusions and castings made from aluminum and other metals. Now these alternatives to wire and other highly abrasive brushes are being used to ...

Description: The expanding use of aluminum extruded shapes is placing higher quality demands on extruders and fabricators. Electronics related applications such as heat dissipation components (heat sinks) require ...

Description: The mainstream media today is full of allusions to energy awareness and conservation. Just as visible these days are media references to astronomical dollar figures that can boggle the mind. This ...

Description: How often has buying on price come back to bite you? Probably as often as off-brand batteries that die after just a couple of days, the cheap shirt that falls apart after the first wash, or the ...

Description: Hexavalent Chromium (CrVI) compounds are used as corrosion inhibitors and present an occupational hazard to workers that weld, cut or grind chromium-containing metals such as stainless steel. ...

Description: What is the relationship between AT (Ampere*turn) and Tesla or Gauss? What magnet strength will activate a 15 AT reed switch at 5 mm? There is not an answer that is both simple and accurate. Because ...

Description: The process of hot plate welding uses a heated platen to melt the joining surfaces of the two halves of a thermoplastic part. The part halves are brought into contact with a precisely heated platen ...

Description: A structured-media mist eliminator is less prone to plugging than conventional knitted-mesh mist eliminators, achieves higher removal efficiencies per unit of pressure drop, and has lower energy ...

Description: Crest Foods Company Incorporated, located 90 miles west of Chicago in Ashton, IL is an independent food manufacturing company established in 1946. Crest Foods has three business divisions: Contract ...

Description: Differential pressure measurement is the difference in pressure between two points in a system. For filtration applications, the upstream side [A] is positioned before the filter [B], whereas the ...

Description: Many times building your own workbench or workstation for electronics work will save you money, and will also allow you to choose what accessories you may want. ...

Description: Low profile separators help material processors meet the demanding expectations of today's marketplace. Quality of packaged materials must be unquestionable with the demands of society today. The ...

Description: This article will demystify the set-up and operation of a round vibratory screen separator. The effect of the input control parameters: top weight force, bottom weight force and lead angle are defined ...

Description: Screen blinding occurs when the screen mesh openings are blocked or closed by the material which is being screened. Near size particles become trapped or build up on the wires effectively blocking the ...

Description: A building products manufacturer that produces fiber-cement plank siding for homes needed an actuated system that would hold up in a harsh environment where cement dust covers everything in the plant. ...

Description: Every year's new machine tools have been showing improvements in efficiency and power. Increasing feed rates and acceleration value have steadily reduced machining times. At the same time, increasing ...

Description: - MPC for Thermal Management - MPC-based Reference Solution LED_3 - MPC-based Reference Solution_2 ...

Description: With PTFE's low loss and stable Dk characteristics, its use as RF Microwave printed-circuit board (PCB) substrate is well-established. The growth in wireless-technology has by extension, driven the RF ...

Description: The reasons for selecting circuit board are threefold. First, to allow the integration of digital and Radio Frequency (RF) circuitry into a single assembly. Second, to decrease overall printed circuit ...

Description: With PTFE's low loss and stable Dk characteristics, its use as RF Microwave printed-circuit board (PCB) substrate is well-established. The growth in wireless-technology has by extension, driven the RF ...

Description: Ultrasonic plastics assembly is the joining or reforming of thermoplastics through the use of heat generated from high-frequency mechanical motion. It is accomplished by converting high-frequency ...

Description: DESIGNERS must pay close attention to edge rates when selecting parts for high speed digital designs. Fast edge rates may present big challenges when it comes to facing signal integrity issues. It is ...

Description: Today's electronic systems are managing an increased amount of state data. Programmable features, once considered high end add-ons, are now becoming the norm, especially in automobiles; one of the ...

Description: An ultrasonic cleaner is a metal container that has ceramic piezo transducers attached to the side or the bottom of the tank. These transducers convert one form of energy to another. They also change ...

Description: Nanotechnology requires extreme high resolution and accuracy and at the same time long travel range. Improvement in accuracy can be achieved with mechatronic design principals and integration of piezo ...

Description: Many electronic components and assemblies require a potting compound for protection against moisture, thermal shock, vibration and very low temperatures. Most of the potting & encapsulating compounds ...

Description: Board designers are continually looking for ways to save weight and space in their applications and are moving toward higher count multilayer designs to solve these issues. Historically, PTFE ...

Description: Anisotropy is often regarded as a drawback for woven fiberglass composite laminates. The data presented in this study are in contrast to this argument. Here TLY-5A with woven fiberglass exhibits ...

Description: In processing plants from Cincinnati to Shanghai, ribbon blenders are used to mix many thousands of products, from fertilizers and plastic resins to flavored coffees and cosmetics. The ribbon blender ...

Description: Since the introduction of Total Organic Carbon (TOC) Analyzers by Dow, Union Carbide and Automated Environmental Systems in the1960's, they have proven to be an invaluable tool in the environmental ...

Description: For many years, the problem of odour control has plagued the sewage treatment industry, but speciality chemical distributor Univar is pioneering a use for potassium permanganate to eliminate these ...

Description: When evaluating a dry solids feeder manufacturer, with the intent to purchase equipment, there are a number of factors that should be taken into consideration before making a decision. The following ...